AP Human Geography Chapter 11 Key Issues 1 + 2 – Flashcards
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The manufacturing of goods in a factory
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Industry
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Industry originated in ...
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Northeastern England and Southern Scotland in the 18th Century
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The __ was a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
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Industrial Revolution
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Home-based manufacturing was known as the __
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Cottage industry system
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The catalyst of the Industrial Revolution was __
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Technology
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The first industries impacted by the Industrial Revolution were...
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Iron, Coal, Transportation, Textiles, Chemicals, Food processing
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The __ industry benefited from Watt's steam engine.
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Iron
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__ was the main energy source prior to the Industrial Revolution.
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Coal
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The __ industry was created to bleach and dye cloth.
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Chemical
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In 1810, Nicholas Appert started __
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Food processing
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__ production was transformed from a dispersed cottage industry to a concentrated factory system.
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Textile
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Canals and Railroads were created
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Transportation
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Industry is concentrated in 3 of the world's 9 regions:
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Europe, North America, East Asia
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Europe, North America, East Asia each account for __ of the world's industrial output.
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1/4
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Two other large industrial outputers:
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Brazil and India
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Major Industrial areas in Europe include:
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United Kingdom, Rhine-Ruhr Valley, Mid-Rhine, Po Basin, Northeastern Spain, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Urals, Volga, Kuznetsk, Donetsk, Silesia
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The __ dominated world production of steel and textiles during the 19th century.
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United Kingdom
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The __ has a concentration of iron and steel.
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Rhine-Ruhr Valley
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The __ is Europe's most centrally located industrial area.
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Mid-Rhine
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The __ has attracted textiles and other industries because of two key assets.
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Po Basin
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__ was Europe's fastest-growing manufacturing area during the late 20th Century.
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Northeastern Spain
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__ is Russia's oldest industrial region, centered around the country's capital and largest city.
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Moscow
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__, Russia's second largest city, specializes in shipbuilding and other industries serving Russia's navy and ports in the Baltic Sea.
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St. Petersburg
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The __, contain the world's most varied collection of minerals.
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Urals
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__ is the region containing Russia's largest petroleum and natural gas fields.
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Volga
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__ is Russia's most important manufacturing district east of the Ural Mountains
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Kuznetsk
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__ in Eastern Ukraine has one of the world's largest coal reserves.
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Donetsk
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__, Europe's most rapidly growing industrial area, takes advantage of a skilled but low-paid workforce and proximity to wealthy markets in Western Europe.
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Silesia
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Major industrial areas in North America include:
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New England, Middle Atlantic, Mohawk Valley, Pittsburgh-Lake Erie, Western Great Lakes, Southern California, Southeastern Ontario
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__ was a cotton textile center in early 19th century
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New England
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The __ is the largest U.S. market
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Middle Atlantic
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The __, a linear industrial belt in upper New York State, takes advantage of inexpensive electricity generated at nearby Niagra Falls
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Mowhawk Valley
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__ was the leading steel-producing area in the steel-producing area in the 19th Century
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Pittsburgh- Lake Erie
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The __, centered on Chicago, is the hub of the nation's transportation network and is now the center of steel production
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Western Great Lakes
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__ is now the country's largest area of clothing and textile production, the second largest furniture producer, and a major-food processing center
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Southern California
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__, Canada's most important industrial area, is central to the Canadian and U.S. markets and near the Great Lakes and Niagara Falls
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Southeastern Ontario
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Asia's Industrial Areas:
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Japan, China, South Korea
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__ became an industrial power in the 1950s and 1960s, initially by producing goods that could be sold in large quantity at cut-rate prices to consumers in other countries.
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Japan
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__ has the world's largest supply of low-cost labor and is the world's largest market for many consumer products.
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China
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__ followed Japan's lead in focusing on export-oriented manufacturers. The country is a leading producer of ocean-going ships
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South Korea
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Two geographic costs:
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Site and Situation
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__ involve the transporting materials to and from a factory.
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Situation factors
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__ result from the unique characteristics of a location.
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Site factors
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An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products is a __.
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Bulk-reducing industry
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90% of the minerals used by humans are __
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Nonmetallic
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__ have properties that are especially valuable for fashioning machinery, vehicles, etc.
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Metallic minerals
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A __ alloy contains iron.
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Ferrous
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A __ alloy does not contain iron.
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Nonferrous
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Common elements in Earth's crust:
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Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum
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Important metals used to make ferrous alloys include:
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Chromium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Tin, Titanium, Tungsten
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Nonferrous metals:
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Aluminum, Copper, Lead, Aluminum, Lithium, Magnesium, Zinc, Precious Metals, Rare earth metals
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A __ makes something that gains volume or weight during production.
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Bulk-gaining industry
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Beer is a __
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Bulk-gaining industry
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4 Modes of Transportation:
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Trucks, Trains, Ships, Air
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Many companies that use multiple transport modes locate at a __, which a location where transfer among transportation modes is possible.
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Break-of-bulk point
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The heaviest shipping traffic is across the __ to __
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Atlantic and Pacific Oceans to North America
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4 steps of copper production:
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Mining, concentration, smelting, refining
