Ap Human Geography: Agriculture Test Questions – Flashcards
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Primary Economic Activity
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economic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment-- such as mining, fishing, lumbering, and especially agriculture
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Secondary Economic Acticity
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Economic activity involving the proccesing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products, the manufacturing sector
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Tertiary Economic Activity
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economic activity associated with the provision fo services (transportation, banking, retailing, education, routine, office-based jobs)
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First Agricultural Revolution/Neolithic
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dating back 10,000 years, the First Agricultural Revolution achieved plant domestication and animal domestication. More sedentary life during later part of Stone Age. Dictionary.com
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Substinence Agriculture
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growing only enough to provide for you and your family's needs.
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Shifting Cultivation
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A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
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Slash-and-Burn Agriculture
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a farming technique used by the Mayans where they cut down trees and then burn them to use as fertilizer. Once the soil is worn out they move on to a new area and do it again
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Second Agriculture Revolution
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Dovetailing with and benefiting from the Industrial Revolution, the Second Agriculture Revolution witnessed improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce. Notes
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von Thunen Model
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A model that explains the location of agricultureal activities in a commercial, profit-making economy. A process of spatial competition allocates various farming activities into rings around a central market city, with profit-earning capability the determining force in how far a crop locates from the market
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Green Revolution/Third
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the introduction of pesticides and high-yield grains and better management during the 1960s and 1970s which greatly increased agricultural productivity
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Genetically Modified Organisms
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crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods
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Plantation Agriculture
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Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop.
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Livestock Ranching
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An extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West.
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Mediterranean Agriculture
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an agricultural system practiced in the mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados, olives, and a host of nuts, fruits, and vegetables comprise profitable agricultural operations.
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Agribussiness
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Commercial agriculture business characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
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Carl Sauer
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American geography, wrote the article, "Recent Developments in Cultural Geography", which considered how cultural landscapes are made up of "the forms superimposed on the physical landscape" Quizlet
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Milkshed
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the surrounding area of a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling
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Biotechnology
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the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, esp. the genetic manipulation of micro-organisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones etc.
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Dr. Norman Borlaug
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Founder of the Green Revolution, increased wheat and maize yield. Won Nobel Peace Prize in 1970.
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Cereal Grain
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A grass yielding grain for food
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Rural Settlement Patterns (Dispersed)
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Characterized by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements
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Rural Settlement Patters (Nucleated)
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A number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings
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Horticulture
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the art or practice of garden cultivation and management
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US Farm Bill
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A statute that would regulate farm production and prices
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Crop Rotation
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the system of varying successive crops in a definite order on the same ground, especially to avoid depleting the soil and to control weeds, disease etc.
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Cadastral Systems
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A prevailing system that delineates property lines
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Terracing
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Make sloping land into a number of level flat areas resembling a series of steps
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IR36
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A rice variety developed by Gurdev Khush. The variety was one of many used in the Green Revolution, which replaced local strains and genetic diversity (google definitions)
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Settlement Patterns
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Linear: settlement of buildings formed in a long line. Round: settlement around a certain center or area Clustered: a settlement where buildings are clustered around a particular point Walled: settlement within a closed structure that divides and separates from the rest of the land. (google definition)
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Extensive Agriculture
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System of crop cultivation using small amounts of labor and capital in relation to area of land being farmed. (Britannica)
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Pastoral Nomadism
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A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals (textbook).
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Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
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A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yields from a parcel of land. (textbook)
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Organics
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Plants grown without green technology (quizlet)
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Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming
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Both animal and crops are farmed in the same area. (quizlet)
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Dairy Farming
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Raising cattle to create and sell dairy products. (quizlet)
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Grain Farming
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Farming of seed of cereal grasses. (quizlet)
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Transhumance
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The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures (quizlet)
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Mediterranean Agriculture
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specialized farming that occurs only in areas where the dry summer Mediterranean climate prevails (grapes, olives, figs, etc.) (quizlet)
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Truck farming
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the production of one or more vegetable crops on a large scale for shipment to distant markets (dictionary)
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Appellation
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a legally defined and protected geographical indication used to identify where a crops was grown ex. grapes for wine (google definitions)
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Collective Farms
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a farm or number of farms organized as a unit, worked by a community under the supervision of the state (dictionary)
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Double cropping
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to grow two or more crops on the same land in the same season or at the same time (meriam webster)
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Land rent curve (bid rent theory)
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geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district increases (dictionary)
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Pesticides
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substances meant for attacking, seducing, destroying or mitigating any pest. (dictionary)
