AP American History Unit 4 Test – Flashcards
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Upon entering office, the following were policies associated with Democratic-Republicans and President Thomas Jefferson EXCEPT
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generally favored Great Britain over France.
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In Marbury vs. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall
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asserted the Supreme Court had the authority to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional, confirming the power of judicial review.
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Why were slave owners particularly concerned by any unsupervised meeting including ones for religious purposes?
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Slave owners were fearful these collective meetings could be inspirations for planning violent shave revolts.
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President Jefferson was enthusiastic about the Louisiana Purchase for the following reasons EXCEPT
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he was confident the Constitution authorized the federal government to make such a huge purchase of land.
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What became the primary goal of the Lewis and Clark expedition after the conclusion of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803?
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President Jefferson wanted Lewis and Clark to learn and report back to him and the nation about the lands, native peoples, animals, and plants of the western territory the U.S. had acquired and those lands beyond Louisiana Purchase all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
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The following were causes for the War of 1812 EXCEPT
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the effects on Great Britain of the implementation of the Embargo Act of 1807 by the United States.
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The following was true of the War Hawks EXCEPT
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they were composed mostly of Federalists disenchanted with Great Britain.
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What was the outcome of the Treaty of Ghent which ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain?
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The British agreed to a treaty that essentially returned all borders and issues to the status quo before the war.
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What was the effect of the final battle of the war, the Battle of New Orleans, in January 1815?
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It helped convince the British to honor the terms of the treaty, which they might not have of they had taken New Orleans.
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How did Federalist delegates from New England at the Hartford Convention express their strong opposition to the War of 1812?
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They voted to demand peace and consider New England's secession if peace did not come quickly.
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The Adams-Onis Treaty accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
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Spain agreed to cede part of Northern California and the Rocky Mountains to the United States.
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The following statements were true of the Monroe Doctrine EXCEPT
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the United States would allow select new European colonies in the Americas on a case-by-case basis.
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In 1793-1794 Eli Whitney of Georgia devised the following machine that cleaned picked cotton in a cost-efficient and productive manner
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the cotton gin.
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The significance of cotton production becoming a marketable export crop for the United States in the early 1800s included all of the following EXCEPT
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it reduced the demand for slaves by cotton producers in the Deep South.
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What distinguished this black belt region of cotton production from other cotton production areas such as South Carolina?
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The planters in the highly fertile black belt could produce three times more pounds of cotton per acre than cotton planters could in coastal South Carolina.
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Francis Cabot Lowell contributed the following to the development of the Industrial Revolution in America EXCEPT
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Lowell and his colleagues first turned to single young men from cities as workers for their giant looms and mills.
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What action exacerbated the Panic of 1819, sending the national economy into a widespread depression that affected all Americans?
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The Bank of the United States and state banks limited credit and called in loans to try to protect themselves.
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The following were the objectives of the construction of the Erie Canal EXCEPT
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facilitate the navigation of the Mohawk River and Lake Ontario to improve trade with Canada.
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The development of steamboats transformed trade on the Mississippi River for the following reasons EXCEPT
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steamboats proved to be a much more labor-intensive nautical mode of transportation than lumber riverboats.
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What financial mechanism became a permanent and important feature of American economic life after 1815?
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The limited liability corporation with many stockholders and secure charters that could not be altered or withdrawn by the government.
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The so-called Era of Good Feelings
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masked underlying political, economic, and social tensions and conflicts that would explode with surprising force in the 1820s.
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The Supreme Court decisions of Dartmouth vs. Woodward (1819) and McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)
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expanded the role of the Supreme Court in declaring a state legislature's actions unconstitutional and ruled that states could not interfere with the workings of the federal government, such as the Bank of the United States, respectively.
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The Supreme Court decision in Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)
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held that since New York harbor connected New York and New Jersey, the ferry service between the two states involved interstate commerce, which only Congress could control, thus, making Ogden's state-awarded monopoly unconstitutional.
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The Missouri Compromise included the following EXCEPT
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it represented a political failure of Henry Clay of Kentucky who had attempted to persuade his Senate colleagues to reject the political compromise over slavery.
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The presidential election of 1824 had following elements EXCEPT
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new property restrictions on voting that restricted the number of white men and free black men who could vote.
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The American System was designed
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to promote American internal improvements, especially the building of roads and canals, to foster economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition through higher average tariffs on imported goods.
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The presidential election of 1828 featured the following EXCEPT
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the reduced influence of national political parties and specific political promises in presidential elections.
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Who were the core supporters of the new Whig Party that fully emerged in the 1830s?
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National Republicans who supported the Adams-Clay American System and politically opposed Jacksonian Democrats in 1828 and the 1830s.
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Which of the following defined the spoils system under President Jackson?
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a patronage system in which a political party rewards a candidate's supporters with government jobs.
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The foremost constitutional challenge to the authority of the federal government faced by President Jackson during his tenure as president was
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the asserted right of nullification by political leaders in South Carolina, which was a constitutional doctrine stating that each state had the unilateral right to declare a national law null and void within its borders.
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The "Indian Removal" policy of President Andrew Jackson involved the following EXCEPT
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the eventual repeal of the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
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The Trail of Tears
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involved the deadly forced march of 12,000 Cherokee Indians from their homelands in Georgia thousands of miles west to new territory in Oklahoma, resulting in the deaths of perhaps 4,000 Cherokee men, women, and children.
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What was the primary reason for President Jackson opposing the Second Bank of the United States?
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President Jackson's populist base of political support was among the common people who despised banks and Jackson could do something about the national bank, in contrast to state banks.
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The election campaign of 1832 became dominated by the issue of
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the political dispute between Congressional supporters of rechartering the Second Bank of the United States and President Jackson.
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South Carolina became the center of the political advocacy for the right of states to declare any federal law null and void-i.e., nullification, for these reasons EXCEPT
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Notable South Carolinian politicians serving in Congress such as Calhoun believed that secession was the preferred course of action, but adopted the compromise political position of nullification to give President Jackson a chance to preserve the Union.
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How did the political nullification crisis between the U.S. government and South Carolina finally get resolved?
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The Congressional passage of a bill authorizing federal military force against South Carolina and, most importantly, a political tariff compromise enacted by Congress in 1833 that provided reductions in the tariff rates of goods important to South Carolina and southerners, at large, led South Carolina to back down from its nullification threats.
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The reform causes that sprang from the revivalism of the Second Great Awakening included the following EXCEPT
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labor reforms and unionism.
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The causes for the failure of Robert Owen's utopian New Harmony Community in New Harmony, Indiana in the 1820s included the following EXCEPT
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the local authorities in Indiana harassed and criminally prosecuted New Harmony leaders and members.
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The Mormon belief that prompted decades of political persecutions by state and federal government authorities and organized violence against Mormons was
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The Book of Mormon replacing the New Testament as the revealed word of Jesus Christ.
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The Mormon leader who led Mormons in 1847 to the shores of the Great Salt Lakes to be free of any government authority to establish settlements was
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Brigham Young.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson's mature religious beliefs are most closely associated with
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Transcendentalism.
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The characteristics of Brook Farm included the following EXCEPT
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the long-term success, health, and welfare of this farming community well into the early 1860s.
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The Massachusetts Board of Education's full-time paid secretary Horace Mann spent his state government career advocating for all of the following EXCEPT
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private college-sponsored teacher preparation schools called "normal schools" that offered privately-funded preparation to any young woman or man who wanted to be a teacher.
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The following statements were true about the McGuffey Readers EXCEPT
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the Readers turned out to be very unpopular with school districts because their stories and readings were not accessible to students.
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Advocates of Manifest Destiny
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claimed that the United States-with God's blessing-should rule the heart of North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and from a still-to-be-defined border with British Canada to an undefined border with the Republic of Mexico.
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The Mexican government took the following steps in 1830 to curb the population growth and political and economic self-governance of the American community in Texas EXCEPT
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the Mexican government forcibly expelled Steven F. Austin and other American community leaders and agitators from Texas.
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The following events occurred in the immediate aftermath of the Texans capturing the Alamo fortress and another Texan military force occupying the Texan town and garrison at Goliad in 1836 EXCEPT
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the United State government under President Andrew Jackson annexed Texas and declared war on Mexico in April of 1836.
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The following issues caused the U.S. government in 1836 to decline to support Texan and domestic calls for the annexation of Texas EXCEPT
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the U.S. government was politically sensitive to the wishes of the Tejano minority in Texas, which opposed annexation by the United States.
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The purposes of the chain of missions established by Father Junipero Serra and his successors in Alta, California from 1769 through the early 1800s were the following EXCEPT
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establish a stronger Spanish presence to protest against rampant American expansion.
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Which of the following significantly undermined the Whig's presidential election campaign in 1836?
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The Whig political strategy of appealing to diverse constituencies by nominating different presidential candidates in different states and different regions in the country adversely diluted and scattered the Whig popular and electoral votes.
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What was the most crucial factor in the failure of diplomatic negotiations between the United States and Mexico to resolve their bilateral tensions and conflicts in 1846?
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President Polk insisting, along with many Texans,chat the Rio Grande was the legitimate western boundary of Texas.
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The following arguments were made by opponents of the war EXCEPT
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President Polk failed to obtain an authorization for war from the Senate and the House for war with Mexico and instead illegally relied on his constitutional powers as commander-in-chief to go to war with Mexico.
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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo included the following outcomes EXCEPT
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the muting of criticism of the war and its political outcomes by the war's opponents in Congress and across the United States.
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What was the name of the final acquisition of land in the continental United States, completed in 1853, involving the American purchase from Mexico of a strip of land south of Arizona and New Mexico for a southern transcontinental railroad?
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The Gadsden Purchase.
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What was the purpose of President Fillmore sending Commodore Matthew Perry and four American warships to Japan in July 1856?
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President Fillmore wanted Japan to permit U.S. naval and commercial ships to use Japanese coaling stations on the route to China and wanted to "open up" Japan to U.S. trade for its own sake.