Antibiotics Terms – Flashcards
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| Penicillin V |
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| Natural, kills Gram +/-, -Bactericidal with a narrow spectrum -inactivated by ? lactamase, more stable than G |
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| Oxacillin |
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| Gram (+), more acid stable, resistant to ? lactamase expand spectrum activity toxic |
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| Penicillin G |
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| Natural, kills Gram +/-, -Bactericidal with a narrow spectrum -inactivated by ? lactamase |
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| Nafcillin |
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| Gram (+), more acid stable, resistant to ? lactamase -expand spectrum activity -toxic |
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| methicillin |
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| Gram (+), more acid stable, resistant to ? lactamase -expand spectrum activity -toxic |
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| ampicillin |
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| Gram(-) -not P. aeruginosa, penetrate outer membrane, extended spectrum -effectiveness against Gram (+) weaken -acid stable, sensitive to ? lactamase |
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| Piperacillin |
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| Anti Pseudomonal penicillin, Gram (+), (-), either not effective/somewhat effective against Gram (+), but highly effective against Gram (-) rods -sensitive to ? lactamase, administered parenterally -toxic |
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| Ticarcillin |
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| Anti Pseudomonal penicillin, Gram (+), (-), either not effective/somewhat effective against Gram (+), but highly effective against Gram (-) rods -sensitive to ? lactamase, administered parenterally -toxic |
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| Clavulanic |
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| binds to b-lactamase, an additive |
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| Sulbactam |
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| binds to b-lactamase, an additive |
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| Tazobactam |
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| binds to b-lactamase, an additive |
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| Cephalosporins |
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| 4 generations, each gets more and more broad the higher you go, prevents peptidoglycan synth. |
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| Vancomycin |
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| Gram (+), inhibits cell wall synth, complex glycopeptide originally produced by Streptomyces orientalis -used for patients allergic to ? lactam antibiotics, MRSA - Nephrotoxicity, Neurotoxicity, Ototoxic |
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| Bacitracin |
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| Gram (+), cell wall synth, -polypeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis -topical use - Nephrotoxicity-if administered parenterally |
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| Polymyxin B |
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| Gram (-) rods, detergent action, isolated from Bacillus polymyxa -Pseudomonas aeruginosa -used for Gram (-) rods not responding to other therapy -used on external, localized infections -bactericidal -Nephrotoxicity |
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| Polymyxin E (colistin) |
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| Gram (-) rods, detergent action, isolated from Bacillus polymyxa -Pseudomonas aeruginosa -used for Gram (-) rods not responding to other therapy -used on external, localized infections -bactericidal -Nephrotoxicity |
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| tetracycline |
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| Gram (+) Gram (-) Rickettsial, -bone seeking drugs stops synthesis of tRNA (30s subunit binding) obtained from Steptomyces -Bacteriostatic – broad spectrum -intracellular bacteria and UTI pathogens, enterics |
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| doxycycline |
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| Gram (+) Gram (-) Rickettsial, -bone seeking drugs stops synthesis of tRNA (30s subunit binding) obtained from Steptomyces -Bacteriostatic – broad spectrum -intracellular bacteria and UTI pathogens, enterics |
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| demeclocycline |
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| Gram (+) Gram (-) Rickettsial, -bone seeking drugs stops synthesis of tRNA (30s subunit binding) obtained from Steptomyces -Bacteriostatic – broad spectrum -intracellular bacteria and UTI pathogens, enterics |
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| minocycline |
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| Gram (+) Gram (-) Rickettsial, -bone seeking drugs stops synthesis of tRNA (30s subunit binding) obtained from Steptomyces -Bacteriostatic – broad spectrum -intracellular bacteria and UTI pathogens, enterics |
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| Chloramphenicol |
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| Gram (+) Gram (-) Aerobic and anaerobic Stops 50s subunit binding Bacteriostatic, broad spectrum -restricted for treating typhoid fever, plague, rocky moutain spotted fever, penicillin resistant H. influenzae, meningococcal infections - Hematotoxicity, Reversible aplastic anemia |
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| Erythromycin, |
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| Gram (+) Gram (-) block initiation complex, Broad spectrum, bacteriostatic |
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| Clarithromycin |
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| Gram (+) Gram (-) block initiation complex, Broad spectrum, bacteriostatic |
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| Azithromycin, |
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| Gram (+) Gram (-) block initiation complex, Broad spectrum, bacteriostatic |
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| Telithromycin |
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| Gram (+) Gram (-) block initiation complex, Broad spectrum, bacteriostatic |
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| rifampin |
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| Rifamycins fam Mycobacterium tuberculosis -Gram (+) cocci aerobic, inhibits RNA synth given in combo with another antibiotic -bactericidal -Headache, Dizziness |
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| rifabutin |
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| Rifamycins fam Mycobacterium tuberculosis -Gram (+) cocci aerobic, inhibits RNA synth given in combo with another antibiotic -bactericidal -Headache, Dizziness |
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| rifaximin |
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| Rifamycins fam Mycobacterium tuberculosis -Gram (+) cocci aerobic, inhibits RNA synth given in combo with another antibiotic -bactericidal -Headache, Dizziness |
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| Levofloxacin |
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| Quinolones (Fluoroquinolone fam Enterococci Gram (-) Aerobes, inhibits uncoiling of DNA, synthetic fluorinated analogs of nalidixic acid-broad spectrum antibiotics, bactericidal -used for UTI -Low toxicity |
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| norfloxacin |
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| Quinolones (Fluoroquinolone fam Enterococci Gram (-) Aerobes, inhibits uncoiling of DNA, synthetic fluorinated analogs of nalidixic acid-broad spectrum antibiotics, bactericidal -used for UTI -Low toxicity |
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| ciprofloxacin |
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| Quinolones (Fluoroquinolone fam Enterococci Gram (-) Aerobes, inhibits uncoiling of DNA, synthetic fluorinated analogs of nalidixic acid-broad spectrum antibiotics, bactericidal -used for UTI -Low toxicity |
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| Metronidazole |
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| anaerobic bac, and protozoans, narrow spectrum treatment of intra-abdominal infections, vaginitis, antibiotic associated entercolitis, brain abscesses -bactericidal -Fever, Nausea |
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| Sulfamethoxazole |
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| sulfonamide Gram (+) Gram (-), competes with foliate synth -broad spectrum, bacteriostatic -used for uncomplicated UTIs, otitis media, abscesses -Nausea, Rash |
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| Sulfisoxazole |
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| sulfonamide Gram (+) Gram (-), competes with foliate synth -broad spectrum, bacteriostatic -used for uncomplicated UTIs, otitis media, abscesses -Nausea, Rash |
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| Sulfamerazine |
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| sulfonamide Gram (+) Gram (-), competes with foliate synth -broad spectrum, bacteriostatic -used for uncomplicated UTIs, otitis media, abscesses -Nausea, Rash |
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| Trimethoprim |
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| inhibits foliate synth, bacteriostatic, bactericidal -used in combo with sulfamethoxazole to treat UTI, otitis media, respiratory tract infection, diarrhea (combo synergistic) -Visual disturbances |
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| Dapsone |
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| Leprosy bacillus, inhibits folic acid synthesis, sulfa drug, treat leprosy, usually in combo with other antimycobacterial drugs (rifampin and clofazimine) -treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia -bacteriostatic -GI discomfort |
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| Isoniazid |
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| Tuberculosis, bacillus inhibits mycolic acid synth, bactericidal against growing organisms, bacteriostatic against non replicating organisms -Neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity |
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| Nystatin-Polyene |
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| Candidiasis GI fungal infections, interact with sterols, topical, too toxic for systemic |
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| Amphotericin-Polyene |
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| Systemic candidiasis, and exotic mycoses, interacts with sterols, Can be used IV Considerable toxicity issues |
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| Miconazole |
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| Fungi and some G(+) cocci, Blocks synthesis of ergosterol, Oral gel or cream Rarely find resistant strains of yeast |
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| Fluconazole |
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| Blocks synthesis of ergosterol Minor toxicity, Used as a prophylactic chemotherapy for HIV infected patients |
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| Itraconazole |
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| Broader spectrum antifungal, includes Aspergillus, Blocks synthesis of ergostero, Does not penetrate CNS (not used for meningitis patients), has increased toxicity issues |
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| Echinocandins |
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| Used in systemic candidiasis and aspergillosis, block cell wall in fungi, Penicillin of antifungals |
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| Terbinafine |
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| Dermatophyte infections, Blocks synthesis of ergosterol Topical or tablet. Increased toxicity when used in tablet form |
