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Which of the following statements is correct about the worldwide language diversity

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Ten of the most prominent languages are spoken by half of the world's population.

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According to the textbook, human languages are:

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being lost at a rate of one every ten days.

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Archaeological evidence that offers clues to the origins of human language includes:

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the fossilized brain casts of Neandertals that show the anatomical features for speech.

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American women are far more likely than men to distinguish between colors like teal and turquoise, or magenta and purple. This is an example of:

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a focal vocabulary that exists within American culture.

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displacement

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the linguistic ability to refer to events or objects not present or to events that are happening in the future or past.

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Because few children grow up learning to speak the Lakota language, efforts have been made to preserve language samples and artifacts in tribal areas. These

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a participatory social media platform built by LiveandTell.

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Dialect is defined as:

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a nonstandard variation of a language that is particular to a specific region.

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Sociolinguistics is defined as:

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the study of the intersection between language and systems of power such as race, class, and age.

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Noam Chomsky's research proposes that:

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all humans share a similar ability to learn language based on the way that our brains are hardwired.

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Language continuum is defined as:

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the idea that variation in languages appears gradually over distance between places.

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Digital natives are:

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born after the 1980s; this generation has spent their lives using devices like smartphones and laptops.

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Which of the following terms best describes the study of how gestures, postures, and facial expressions convey messages without words?

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kinesics

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A nonstandard variation of a language is referred to as a:

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dialect

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Code switching is defined as:

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alternating back and forth between more than one linguistic variant depending on the context.

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ethnocentrism

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In late nineteenth-century debates on American immigration, many scholars and government officials privileged immigrants from northern Europe over those from southern Europe, such as Italians and Greeks, because the officials felt these southern people were a separate and inferior biological race with primitive ways. This is an example of

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William Rathje's garbage study to analyze the behavior of residents of Tucson, Arizona, is an example of what field of anthropology?

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historic archeology

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The dramatic impact of globalization in the past and even more so today is driven by what kind of changes?

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transportation and communication technologies

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Research that compares two communities to examine links between them is referred to as:

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multi-sited

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Nepali building roads in India, Filipino maids in Saudi Arabia, and Turkish street repairmen in Germany are examples of which global dynamic?

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increasing migration

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Global forces are expanding rapidly and moving into local communities everywhere. The author notes that many people in local communities respond with:

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active resistance

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Which discipline of anthropology studies human beings in the present and from the past through the excavation and analysis of material artifacts?

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archaeology

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Anthropologists who explore all aspects of human culture-from war and violence to love, sexuality, and child rearing-and look at the meanings that people from all over the world place on them are known as:

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cultural anthropologists

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The dramatic transformations of economics, politics, and culture are characteristic of what dynamic of contemporary globalism?

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rapid change

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Archaeology is the study of cultures in:

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the human past

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Walmart's transformation from a "Made in America" company to one with five thousand factories in China is an example of:

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flexible accumulation

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The concept of culture has been central to anthropology only since the 1870s, when ________crafted its first formal definition.

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Edward Burnett Tylor

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Which of the following is defined as the belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal, natural, or even superior to other cultures?

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ethnocentrism

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Three key interrelated effects of globalization on local cultures include a two-way transference of culture through migration, increased cosmopolitanism, and:

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homogenization

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Margaret Mead (1901-1979) was a student of Franz Boas, and her research suggested the powerful role of ________ in shaping behavior, especially behavior that has powerful biological origins.

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enculturation

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According to Max Weber (1864-1920), thrift, modesty, moderation, frugality, and self-denial constitute which of the following?

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protestant ethic

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An anthropologist's suspension of judgment while attempting to understand a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context is termed:

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cultural relativism

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Anthropologist Margaret Mead (1901-1979) is best known for her research regarding the seeming sexual freedom and experimentation of young women in:

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Samoa

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________argued that every cultural action is more than the action itself in that it is also a symbol of deeper meaning, which is considered an interpretivist approach in anthropology.

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Clifford Geertz

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Which of the following individuals was among the earliest anthropologists who sought to organize vast quantities of data about the diversity of world cultures that were being accumulated via colonial and missionary enterprises?

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Henry Morgan

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Edward Burnett Tylor (1832-1917) is credited with crafting the first definition of which of the following concepts utilized in anthropology

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culture

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Anthropologists seek to counter ethnocentrism by:

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objectively, accurately, and sensitively representing the diversity of human life and culture.

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Which of the following processes is intensifying the exchange and diffusion of people, ideas, and goods worldwide, creating more interaction and engagement among cultures?

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globalization

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Commonplace norms, values, beliefs, practices, and institutions that cultivate the desire to acquire consumer goods to enhance one's lifestyle constitute a culture of:

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consumerism.

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________ provides protection to people who may be vulnerable if they share intimate details of their lives with ethnographers.

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anonymity

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________ is the cornerstone of the research conducted by contemporary cultural anthropologists.

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participant observation

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Fieldwork is considered a ________ for students because it creates a common bond among professionals in the field.

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rite of passage

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Franz Boas' attempts to document Native American cultures that were devastated by the westward expansion of settlers are called:

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salvage ethnography

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Which of the following ethnographic methods is used to collect data on spatial relationships?

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mapping

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Ethnographers' awareness that they should engage in critical self-examination regarding the role they play in the research process is known as:

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reflexivity

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In his study of everyday "Body Rituals among the Nacirema," Horace Miner:

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makes the familiar seem strange

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In an age of intensifying globalization, ________ remains a critical research strategy that provides a deep insight and understanding of the myriad parts of our informants' everyday lives and cultures.

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participant observation

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Expansion of ________ networks in the late twentieth century has allowed anthropologists to continue research even after leaving the field.

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communication

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Margaret Mead's talent for blending fieldwork with dynamic writing about gender roles provided her with the authority and opportunity to become an important ________ anthropologist.

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public

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According to Guest, the discipline of anthropology has been criticized for sharing research on ________ with occupying governments or militaries.

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local communities

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The American Anthropological Association mandate of "Do No Harm" is founded in:

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intensified globalization

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It is essential that ethnographers map communities because this:

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illuminates how use of space influences social interactions.

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How did early twentieth-century anthropology differ from the anthropology practiced in the nineteenth century Europe?

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Nineteenth-century anthropologists were mostly interested in present-day cultures as they existed, but twentieth-century anthropologists were interested in the processes by which cultures changed.

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The trafficking of human organs discussed in the text provides a disturbing example of the impacts of:

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globalization

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The digital age is:

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the era defined by the proliferation of high-speed communication technologies, social networking, and personal computing.

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According to Keith Basso, the Apache tradition of "being shot by an arrow" during a conversation refers to:

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the telling of stories, usually by elders, with themes intended to make a point.

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The author suggests each of the following points to explain how men tend to dominate in mixed-gender conversations, EXCEPT:

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male communication patterns are unrelated to social stratification in the culture at large.

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In his study of store clerks in New York City, William Labov discovered that increased pronunciation of the letter "r" in words like car, floor, and fourth:

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was related to the prestige of the store and higher prices.

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Which of the following terms best describes the study of how gestures, postures, and facial expressions convey messages without words?

answer

kinesics

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To investigate the focal vocabulary of a language in a particular community, a linguistic anthropologist might:

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try to discover words that offer sophisticated ways to describe local cultural realities.

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Compared to digital ________, people born before 1970 have more trouble navigating websites, wikis, blogs, and text messages

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natives

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Anthropologist Laura Bohannan discovered in her attempt to translate a classic text from English literature that:

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the meaning of the story became lost as the original meanings of the English words could not be easily translated.

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Based on what linguistic anthropologist David Harrison found in Asia, which of the following statements best describes how language shapes the idea of time in Tuva?

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While the future is seen as behind them, the past is seen as in front.

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Deborah Tannen's research into the ways that boys and girls speak demonstrates that:

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they essentially grow up in different linguistic worlds

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As new speech communities have been formed through the digital activism of the Arab Spring, a new ________ that includes events, names, and ideas pertaining to social protest has also emerged.

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lexicon

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Some linguistic anthropologists find the work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics controversial because:

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their Christian perspective may ignore some aspects of local culture, such as song and art.

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The fact that 85 percent, or 5.5 billion people, lack meaningful access to a digital communication network reflects:

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the tendency of globalization to increase the effects of uneven development.

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Based on evidence from Benjamin Whorf's research with the Hopi, a Native American group in the southwestern United States, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that:

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thought is rooted in language.

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According to the text, studying the patterns and importance of sounds as spoken by a group of people helps linguistic anthropologists:

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understand the elements and rules of a particular language.

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in order to understand how any group of people lives in our global world today it is necessary to explore not only the customs, beliefs, and other aspects of their local culture, but also:

answer

global influences

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what kind of researchers work to record languages that are disappearing by finding the last speakers and making recordings and dictionaries to preserve them for the future and for language revitalization

answer

descriptive linguists

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south korea has developed amazingly with huge corporations making vast amounts of money and giving everyone there a high standard of living, while the vast majority of people in Gautamala of plagued by extreme poverty, violence, and poor living conditions. this is an example of:

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uneven development

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it is impossible to study a local community today without considering the effect of

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global forces

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anthropologists take a comprehensive approach to understanding human beings and this is accomplished through:

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the four field approach

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what type of anthropologists studies people from a biological perspective as well as how humans have evolved over time

answer

physical anthropologists

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ethnographic fieldwork is the primary research strategy of which field

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cultural anthropology

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who describes spoken languages and preserves them as written languages

answer

linguistic archaeologists

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which of the following is a powerful enculturation tool that teaches us how to be "successful" in consumer culture

answer

advertising

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the uneven distribution of resources and privileges, often along the lines of gender, racial or ethnic groups, class, age, family, religion, sexuality, or legal status, is termed

answer

stratification

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humans learn culture from people in cultural institutions that surround them

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over their entire lives

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culture is more than a set of ideas or patterns of behavior shared by a group of people because it also includes which of the following general mechanisms created by people to promote and maintain their core values.

answer

powerful institutions

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which of the following statements about mental maps is false

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mental maps of reality consists of idea or rules about how people should behave in particular situations or towards certain other people

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_____ is both a definition and a key theoretical framework for anthropologists attempting to understand humans and their interaction.

answer

culture

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which of the following statements is true

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cultures have always been influenced by the flow of people, ideas, and goods whether through migration, trade, or invasion.

question

because she had been a community activist and advocate for her research subjects and founded organs watch as a watch dog organization, Nancy Sheperd Hughes, researched could be considered a form of _____ ethnography

answer

public

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one consequence of increasing migration is that anthropologists conduct ___ ethnography, conducting data in two or more locations

answer

multi-sited

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in an effort to make their ethnographies more collaborative and participatory, anthropologists often incorporate natives' perspectives in a practice known as

answer

polyvocality

question

Edward Evan Evans- Pritchard

answer

researched social life among nuer of africa

question

what was Nancy Sheperd Hughes initial role in Alto Do, Cruzeiro

answer

peace corp volunteer

question

which of the following is not a reason for ethnographers to conduct long term field work

answer

reinforce ethnocentric attitudes about cultural superiority

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in Horace Miner's interpretation of Nacirema culture, ____ are important ritual specialists

answer

physicians and doctors

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in her perspectives on the process of doing fieldwork in a Brazilian shanty town, Nancy Sheperd Hughes' account of the Alto Do Cruziero is an example of

answer

reflexive ethnography

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anthropologists make great efforts to protect informants anonymity

answer

when referring to individuals in research notes and publication

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when individuals speak in a manner that does not conform to what is known as "standard english", according to the author, they are

answer

often considered to be low class or uneducated.

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the concept of cultural ____ includes linguistic assets or skills that can be converted into wages and benefits

answer

capital

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linguistic anthropologists would label new words that have emerged during the digital age such as: mouse, modem, download and email, as part of our generation's ___ vocabulary

answer

focal

question

In 1996, the open school district proposed

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supporting black-english or ebonics, speakers as if they were learning standard english as a second language in school

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in part, because the Hopi language has verbal tenses that differ from those of english, Benjamin Whorf's linguistic research suggested that the Hopi people of Arizona have

answer

a worldview where past and present represent lived reality and the future is hypothetical

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