question

Why did Liberian rebel soldiers cross-dress during the civil war in the 1990s?

answer

it distinguished them from the government's soldiers

question

The early anthropologist who wrote the book Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies and was the first to distinguish between biological sex and gender roles was

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Margaret Mead

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Anthropologists commonly refer to the ideas and social patterns a society uses to organize males, females, and those who do not fit either category as

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gender/sex systems

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Sexual dimorphism refers to

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-how men and women have a different sexual forms -The differences of hormones in men's and women's bodies -The difference in chromosomal structures for men and women

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Individuals who diverge from the male-female norm and exhibit sexual organs and functions somewhere between, including both male and female, are called

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intersexed

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A misconception about hormones in society is that

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-Sex-specific hormones cause particular behaviors -They are important only for sexual functioning -Certain hormones are linked solely to a specific sex

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French existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir argued in her book The Second Sex that

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throughout history women have been treated as inferior

question

A number of societies have the notion that men are __________ and women are _________.

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created; born

question

Which term refers to expressions of sex and gender that diverge from the male and female norms which dominate in most societies?

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gender variance

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People everywhere establish their gender/sex identities, including normative categories like "man" or "woman," through

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social performances

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Indiana University biologist Dr. Alfred Kinsey conducted a series of sexuality studies during the 1940s and found that

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sexuality exists on a continuum

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Anthropologist Don Kulick did ethnographic research among the travestis and believes he was accepted into their group because he was

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- not fluent in Portuguese -European -a gay man

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All societies differentiate between male and female, but one way Americans are unique in how we do it is that we link gender to

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colors

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Sex-assignment surgery is important because it

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shows that "sex" is constructed upon cultural assumptions

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Sherry Ortner, a feminist anthropologist, observed that the roots of female subordination lay in the distinction all societies make between

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nature and culture

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According to some, a critical limitation of "second-wave" feminism is that it

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-Assumes the fight for gender equality was a global priority -Ignores differences among women in different cultural groups -Is ethnocentric

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Anthropologists understand that in order to understand gender/sex inequalities one must study

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both men and women

question

Which of the following is a dilemma facing an ethnographer of transgender people in the United States?

answer

how one's research or advocacy can reinforce social inequalities and suffering

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To understand aggression in society, we have to understand which of the following factor(s)?

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-The availability of weapons -The role of the state in promoting conflicts -Cultural attitudes toward violence

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A key finding of anthropologist Matthew Gutmann's fieldwork on masculinity in Mexico is that

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women challenge men's domination over them by arguing and issuing ultimatums

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Hijras interest anthropologists mainly because they are

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a reflection of a gender/sex system that sees meaning in combining male and female

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Anthropologists reject the idea that same-sex sexuality is a fixed and exclusive condition because

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-Sexuality is variable throughout a lifetime -Of the research of Dr. Alfred Kinsey -Of cross-cultural research on sexual practices

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One of the reasons it is important to develop culturally sensitive campaigns to address a health crisis like HIV/AIDS is that

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what some people think is gay sex is not considered to be the case by others

question

Cross-dressing rebel soldiers in Liberia is an excellent illustration of what?

answer

the fact that gender identities are rooted in local concepts and practices

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A biocultural perspective on gender variance would emphasize all of the following except

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the relative allocation of sex-specific hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, that influence whether a person is male or female

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Which of the following observations would be least likely to come from an anthropologist who shares Simone de Beauvoir's notion of "second sex"?

answer

Western models of male-female relations cannot be universalized

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What is the main implication of Don Kulick's story about "coming out in the field" for other anthropologists who do not necessarily study in a gay community?

answer

developing rapport sometimes relies on sharing a lot in common with your subjects

question

An anthropologist who studies how societies control sexuality would likely be most interested in the following situations

answer

obstacles in access to birth control

question

If you wanted to study ethnographically how LGBTQ identities are being normalized on your campus, you would likely be sensitive to

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-how people make meaning of these identities and differentiate them -Any ethical quandaries that emerge in the course of your research -How social differences intersect with these identities

question

Which issue(s) would you focus on if you wanted to understand changing ideas about masculinity in the United States?

answer

-The expectations of men in their workplaces -The relationships between working mothers and their families -The relationships between men and their children

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