George Orwell's Animal Farm features Napoleon, a pig who considered himself better than all other animals. He instigated a revolution and transformed his fellow farm animals into a workforce to modernize their operations.
Described as manipulative and selfish, Napoleon played a significant part in both the ascent and decline of Animal Farm. He was an influential dictator who aimed to achieve Old Major's vision of equality among animals for the betterment of the farm. Despite his desire to uphold this standard, Napoleon ultimately became the most despicable figure on the farm.
Commandments were created to ensure equality among all animals. The election of Animal Farm's leader, Comrade Napoleon, occurred after he eliminated his opponent, Snowball, through manipulation. Snowball strived to improve animal life and proposed a windmill construction plan, which Napoleon
...opposed by dispatching his loyal dogs after Snowball. As a result of Napoleon's actions, Snowball was removed from the farm and future meetings were prohibited. Boxer adopted the statement "Napoleon is always right", and the animals were bewildered when Napoleon declared that the windmill would still be made.
Squealer, who is the propaganda machine for Napoleon, claims that Snowball stole Napoleon's idea in the first place. This demonstrates how crucial Napoleon is to Animal Farm as he is the one who initiated everything and manipulated and confused all the animals. Additionally, he is the only one who has a say in all matters. Napoleon also changes the rules to benefit himself, using various methods to improve his image. Squealer is responsible for these manipulations. All the Seven Commandments of Animal Farm are violated before being "modified" to show that the pigs did nothing
wrong. In chapter eight, the commandment that strictly prohibits animals from killing each other was deviously changed to "No animal shall kill any other animal without cause" following a string of executions of alleged traitors and possible Snowball supporters.
Napoleon compelled confessions and eradicated potential traitors according to the recently amended law, which enhanced his popularity, prestige, and thirst for authority. A notable instance of disobedience to commandment five - "No animal shall drink alcohol" - occurred multiple times. Napoleon's request for whiskey signified a problematic situation on the Animal Farm.
Napoleon exhibited partiality towards the pigs, allowing them to act with impunity and view themselves as superior creatures exempt from the seventh commandment and the original tenets of the revolution, which upheld that "all animals are equal." The "dumb" animals began to realize that something was amiss when Napoleon commanded them to decrease their eating, drinking and sleeping while increasing their workload. This reveals Napoleon's self-centered and unsympathetic disposition towards his followers. Additionally, Napoleon employed an incredulous amount of propaganda through Squealer in order to establish and maintain his power and trustworthiness. Squealer convinced the other animals of Napoleon's infallibility and even composed an exceptionally laudatory song about him, called "Comrade Napoleon."
Excessive propaganda had a negative impact on the animals, leading to false confessions and even their deaths at the hands of Napoleon. His self-centered beliefs extended to his desire to educate young animals in the way he wanted, ensuring that only loyal followers remained once the old animals died off. When Jessie and Bluebell's litter of nine puppies were born, Napoleon quickly took them away and raised them privately, later turning them into
his guard dogs. Those who opposed Napoleon were met with intimidation from these dogs and silenced, as seen when young pigs protested but were quickly silenced by the menacing growls of Napoleon's guard dogs.
Throughout the novel, Napoleon's power and pride were reinforced by the success of violence in eliminating any potential opposition he may have faced. As a result, he held complete control over the animals, who were forced to respect him or face death.
The reader never fully saw the strength of Animal Farm as a whole, with the focus instead on Napoleon's control and power. Despite his continual betrayal and excuses, such as blaming "Snowball," to avoid accountability, this showed how equality among animals, though ideal in theory, proved problematic in practice. Every group needs a leader, creating a hierarchy where one member possesses more power. Napoleon exploited his superiority to further his own interests and mistreat loyal followers. Friedrich Nietzsche warned that fighting monsters risks becoming one; seeking power often sacrifices individuality for it. Jones' mistreatment sparked the Revolution but by the end, Napoleon had become a new oppressor who disregarded commandments and harmed followers.
Napoleon played a significant role in Animal Farm, being the leader of the Revolution and responsible for introducing and ending equalism among animals. Moreover, he was the pig who made a promise of a brighter future.
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