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Components of the Skeletal System

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All Bones, Joints, Cartilage, Ligaments

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Functions of the Skeletal System

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Support & Protect- body & organs Body Movement- prividing attachments fior muscles that pull on the bones that acts as lever Storage area for Minerals- Calcium & Phosphorus Production of Blood Cells - Red Bone Marrow

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4 Classifications of Bones

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long bones short bones irregular bones flat bones

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long bones

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longer than they are wide, bones of the arms and legs, Humerous, Radius, Ulna, Femur, Fibula and Tibia

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short bones

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cube-shaped bones having a spongy core, with limited movement, carpals (wrist) and tarsals (foot)

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irregular bones

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variety of shapes and are usually connected to several other bones , pelvic girdle, vertebrae, facial bones, pubis, ischium, inner cranial bones

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flat bones

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thin, flattened, and usually curved, two thin layers of compact sandwiching spongey bone....Sternum, Ribs, Scapula, Ilium, Outer Cranial Bones.

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2 Types of Bone Tissue

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Compact Bone and Spongy or Cancellous Bone

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Compact Bone

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mostly solid, dense part of bone, outside of bone, along shaft of bone

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Spongy Bone found

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part of bone with many small pores or spaces, is found in the inside of the bones & ends of Long Bones

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Functions of Spongy Bones

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-Decease the weight of bones, making them lighter but strong -Contain Red Bone Marrow

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Function of the Red Bone Marow

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Production of all blood cells

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Ossification

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the process of bone formation; osteogenesis

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Osteoblast

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Bone building Cells that deposit Calcium & Phosphours in the bone

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Osteocytes

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mature bone cells

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Osteoclast

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cells that breaks down bone (deconstruction) which is the break down of the calcium and phosphorus contained in the bone and release them into the bloodstream.

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Articular Cartilage

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cartilage located on the ends of bones and acts as a shock absorber, preventing the bones from grinding together (reduces friction)

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3 Types of Joints

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fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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Fibrous Joints

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(synarthrotic joints) immovable joints

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Cartilaginous Joints

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(amohiarthrotic joints) Slightly movable

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Synovial Joints

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(diarthrotic joints) freely movable joints

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6 Types of Synovial Joints

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Pivot - Ball & Socket - Hinge - Gliding - Saddle -

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Pivot Joints

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Joints between the Vertebrae & Proximal Humerus/Radius Joint, Allow rotation of one bone against another.

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Ball & Socket

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Hip and Shoulder, Twisting joint that can move in many directions.

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Hinge Joint

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Elbow and phalanges of the fingers and toes.....allows movement back and forth like a hinged door

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Gliding Joints

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Joints Between the Carpals - these joints allowed bones to slide over one another

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Saddle Joints

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(Carpometacarpal) Joint in the Thumb

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Ellipsoidal

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(Condyloid Joints) joints between the metacarpal and first phalange of the fingers and mandible and temporal bone joint (jaw joint)

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Flexion

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bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased

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Extension

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bending of a joint that increases the angle between the bones

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Hyperextension

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overextending the joint beyond its normally extended position

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ABDuction

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Movement away from the midline

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ADDuction

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movement toward the midline of the body

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Plantar

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bending the foot downward, as in pointing the toes.

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Doriflexion

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bending the foot up toward the leg

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Inversion

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turning the sole of the foot inward

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Eversion

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turning the sole of the foot outward

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Supination

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the action of turning the palm up and forward

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Pronation

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the action of turning the palm down or backward

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Axial Skeleton

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the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk

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Apendicular Skeleton

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bones that form the shoulders, hips, and extremities (arms & legs)

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2 divisions of the Skull

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cranial (8 bones); facial (14 bones)

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Maxilla

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upper jaw bone

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Mandible

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lower jaw bone

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Sternum

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the middle of the chest (connects the ribs), breastbone

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Parts of the Sternum

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Manubrium, body, Xiphoid process

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Manubrium

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Superior / upper portion of the sternum

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Body

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Middle Division of the Sternum

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Xiphoid Process

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Inferior Portion of Sternum (landmark for CPR compressions)

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Ribs

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12 pairs, The bones in the chest that protect the heart and lungs.

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True Ribs

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first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum (pairs 1-7) by means of individual externsions of costal cartilage.

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False Ribs

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The bottom 5 ribs attached to the spine but not directly to the sternum, but indirectly by the costal cartilage of the inferior-most true rib.

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Floating Ribs

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last 2 ribs 11 & 12 that do not connect to sternum with cartilage

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Cervical Vertebrae

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7, C1-C7, first set of seven bones, forming the neck

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Thoracic Vertebrae

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12, the twelve vertebrae of the thorax that hold the ribs, T1-T12

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Lumbar Vertebrae

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5, third curve of the spine; largest vertebrae; function to protect the spinal cord and support the weight of the body, L1-L5

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Kyphosis

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hunchback, exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine

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Lordosis

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abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine, swayback

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Scoliosis

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lateral curvature of the spine

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Atlas

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the 1st cervical vertebra that supports the Head C-1

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Axis

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the 2nd cervical vertebra, acts as a pivot on which the Atlas & Head rotate.

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Clavicle & Scapula

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bones of the shoulder girdle

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Humerus

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bone of the upper arm

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Radius

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lateral bone of the forearm when in anatomical position

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Ulna

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the medial bone of the forearm when in anatomical position

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Carpals

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8 bones of the wrist

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Metacarpals

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5 Hand bones.

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Phalanges

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14 bones of the fingers & toes

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Pelvic Girdle

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Hip bones, Formed by 2 Coxal Bones

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Pubic Symphysis Joints

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point where the coxal bones join anteriorly

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Sacroiliac Joints

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point where the coxal attached to sacrum join posteriorly

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3 parts of the Coxal Bones

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Illium - Ishcium - Pubis

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Fermur

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Thigh bone of the leg; the longest and strongest bone in the body

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Patella

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the kneecap, a small flat triangular bone in front of the knee that protects the knee joint

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Tibia

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Shin bone. On medial and anterior side of the leg. Bears most of the weight larger of the bones in lower leg

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Fibula

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calf bone the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

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Tarsals

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7 bones that make up the ankle

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Metatarsals

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5 bones of the foot.

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Calcaneous

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Heel Bone; largest bone of the foot

Anatomy & Physiology I Study Guide Chapter 6, "The Skeleton System" – Flashcards

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