question

Why is it american literature important?

answer

It influences on the character of the developing nation

question

The division of early american literature spans many hundreds of years beggining with the oral ___ and ___ of American indians and stretching to the ___ and public ___ of the founding fathers

answer

Tales, myths; essays, documents

question

American writers were affected by changes occuring in 3 major areas:

answer

Religious change, social change and political chang

question

The principles that governed decisions made by men in power shifted from religious to secular and materialistic

answer

Religious change

question

The population of the country changed from essentially inmigrant to American

answer

Social change

question

The political system of the country underwent radical modification from colonial dependence to proud independence

answer

Political change

question

In 1607 the first permanent English settlement began at:

answer

Jamestown, Virginia

question

In 1620, the ___ colonists aboard the ___ encounter wilderness and comflict with Native Americans

answer

102, Mayflower

question

What sustained the surviving pilgrims through the hardships of their first years in New England was their:

answer

Will to suceed and their confidence in Gods providential care

question

Why Plymouth was surpassed by Massachussets bay colony?

answer

It had relatively wealthy and influential Puritans

question

Period from 1630 to 1640 during which thousands of people sailed to Massachussets hastened by political and religious events (Anglican church) in England.

answer

The Great Migration

question

Inmigration slackened when the Puritans in England seized the ___ ___ and stopped the ___. However it dramatically increased in 1660 when the ____ was restored

answer

Political control, persecution, monarchy

question

Duty over pleasure

answer

Puritanism

question

Who was the first inhabitant to meet the pilgrims

answer

Samoset

question

Special identity of colonists characterized by homespun wisdom, practical ingenuity, and a shrewd business sense

answer

Yankee

question

Like the first inmigrants, these new inmigrants were ___ and most sought the freedom to ___ that had been denied them in their homelands

answer

Protestant, worship

question

Why Americans are called melting pot?

answer

Americans are a mixture of different nationalities: Dutch, french huguenot, german and scottish

question

What are the other two nicknames for americans?

answer

Western pilgrims who will accomplish great things for mankind and new man who is forwardlooking and experimental

question

What is the religious identity of: Jamestown, Plymouth and Massachussets Bay?

answer

Anglican, Separatist and Puritan

question

Because most of the first New England colonists embraced Puritan ideals, ___ formed the main current in the development of American values

answer

Puritanism

question

In 1660 secular values were replacing religious ones and church membership had fallen leaving the risk for Puritans desire for a pire church in a pure society T/F

answer

True

question

Allowed colonists a limited standing in the church without having to give a public testimony of faith.

answer

Halfway Covenant

question

It was not just innefective, it contributed to corruption and declining interest of the church

answer

Halfway Covenant

question

What is the first major American revival?

answer

The Great Awakening

question

What were the two leading figures of the Great Awakening?

answer

Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

question

Mantained that the solition to the problems of man lies in his reason, not in supernatural relevation, the bible

answer

Deism

question

Political power resided exclusively in the hands of those ___ and ___ new settlements

answer

Authorizing, financing

question

Only ___ property holders who were ___ ___ had the right to voye in most colonies

answer

Male, church members

question

An agreement to agree on whatever they agreed upon

answer

The Mayflower Compact

question

Early colonists believe that political authority derives finally from:

answer

God

question

What made the source of authority an important issue in the eighteen century was:

answer

Englands determination to restrict freedom in the colonies

question

What group was persecuted the most severely during the early colonial era?

answer

The separatist

question

The hundreds of people that sold themselves into bondage as indentured servants in order to come to the colonies is most likely connected to which of the following themes of American Literature?

answer

American dream

question

What did Massachussets Bay Colony base its government on?

answer

Gods plan for Israel in the old testament

question

Attempted to build up church membership

answer

Halfway Covenant

question

What had to occur before a distinctly American literature could exist?

answer

An american spirit had to be recognized and developed

question

What did colonial literature represent?

answer

The interests and concerns of the authors

question

What was the main topic of colonial literature?

answer

Adversity

question

Once the colonists had established permanent settlements, what was the subject matter of literature predominantly concerned about?

answer

Religion

question

Toward the end of the eighteen century, most writers presented what view of life?

answer

Secular

question

Name the noneeligious motives for inmigration

answer

Adventure, to help England challenge spanish claims to the american continent, and to gain personal independence and wealth

question

The opportunity to become succesful by being industrial

answer

American dream

question

How were separatist different from puritans?

answer

Separatists broke alltogether from the church of England

question

After the 1750s, the puritan influence lingered only in the secular, vaguely ethical form apparent in the writings of what two authors?

answer

Benjamin Franklin and Nathaniel Hawthorne

question

Whose works extensively shaped the religious thought of seventeenth century New England?

answer

John Calvin

question

The separatists theory of government by the contract of those governed evidently influenced what 18 century document?

answer

The constitution

question

What was the rallying cry of the colonists in response to English taxation?

answer

No taxation without representation

question

The first consciously American voices began to speak through literature after what major event?

answer

The revolutionary war

question

Englands acts convinced many influential colonists that the best course of action for the colonies was:

answer

Political separation from England

question

America officially announced its independence in ____ and made this independence permanent by military victory over England in ____

answer

1776, 1783

question

Detailed plan created in 1789 protecting the rights of both the majority and minority

answer

Constitution

question

By 1820 United States was a rising world power T/F

answer

True

question

Since literature grows out of ____ ____, it is only natural that the first writers in America should reflect their English backgrounds

answer

Personal experience

question

Earliest authors wrote mostly of the threatening features of their _____

answer

Enviroments

question

Writers wrote largely either for:

answer

Personal stimulation or public instruction

question

As the eighteen century neared its end, the subject matter reflected the revolutionary attitudes sweeping the colonies T/F

answer

True

question

In early ameeica the primary purpose of literature was:

answer

Instruction

question

All puritan literature is frankly:

answer

Didactic

question

In the eighteen century, the literary purpose was generally ____ instruction rather than ____

answer

Secular, religious

question

The puritans preferred a style that directed attention to the ____ rather the ____

answer

Message, writer

question

A style characterized bu clarity, simplicity, scarcity of elaborate figurative expression, and naturalness

answer

Plain style

question

Puritans cultivated a prose that was ____ in content, ____ in purpose, and ____ in style

answer

Religious, didactic, plain

question

Nonreligious writers cultivated a prose that was ____ in content, ____ of purpose, and ____ of style

answer

Secular, ambiguity, complexity

question

One standard charge against puritan writers is that their writing is merely an extension of their preaching and therefore lacks artistry T/F

answer

True

question

What were the conditions of the pilgrims arrival?

answer

The conditions were harsh, they arrived at winter, they were plagued with disease and death, and there was no food or shelter

question

What can you infer from Samosets posture?

answer

He was with fear and hesitation

question

What was the most important religious change?

answer

Puritan to deism

question

Relations between english and americans worsened because of what two wars?

answer

French and Indian war

question

What is the first work of literature?

answer

Beowulf

question

Puritan writers rejected ____ ____ styles

answer

Ornate writing

question

The main motive behind the migrations to New England was:

answer

Religious

question

What were the religious motives for inmigration?

answer

Religious persecution and religious ideals into operation

question

Puritans view voting as a ____ ____ not as a ____ ____

answer

Sacred responsibility, civil right

question

What made the seventeenth century inmigrants so valuable to the emerging nation is that they brought with them the culture of their homeland T/F

answer

True

question

Of how many nations consisted the Iroquois tribe?

answer

5 nation

question

Nations of the Iroquois tribe:

answer

The Mohawk, the Oneida, the Onondaga, the Seneca, and the Cayuga

question

Term that refers to the language group

answer

Iroquois

question

Each iroquois nation had its own ____. The Iroquois also shared ____ similarities.

answer

Dialect, cultural

question

The Iroquois called themselves the:

answer

People of the longhouse

question

Grouped families by clans, each with its own animal to represent it

answer

Longhouses

question

The Iroquois shared language and culture did not preclude the nations from fighting T/F

answer

True

question

The Iroquois culture was rooted in ____ tradition

answer

Oral

question

Though the confederacy brought peace to the Five nations, it brought greater conflict to the sorrounding tribes T/F

answer

True

question

Once a year, each nation sent representatives to the Great Council to reaffirm their peace T/F

answer

True

question

Because of their reliance on oral tradition, the Iroquois recorded their history, including their constitution on:

answer

Wampum belts

question

The influence of the Iroquois government and constitution reached beyond the five nations T/F

answer

True

question

A sixth nation, the ____, join the league early in the eighteen century

answer

Tuscarora

question

The passing down of cultural knowledge by mouth feom generation to generation

answer

Oral tradition

question

A story that uses supernatural forces or beings to explain an aspect of life or the nature

answer

Myth

question

What type of myth is how the world began?

answer

Creation myth

question

Reccuring narrative elements that appear in stories across cultures and that speak to universal human experiences

answer

Archaetype

question

Giving characteristics of God to humans

answer

Anthropomorphism

question

Differences between myth and the Bible

answer

Myths has no dates, bible has definite characters, the bible is inspired by God

question

Different type of archaetypes

answer

Situational, describe character types and objects or symbols

question

The law of great peace differs from the creation muth in its purpose and structure:

answer

Rather than telling a story it preservs the tenets of the peace agreement and the procedures of government for the Five nations

question

How then do Christians account for the Bibles similarities to ither cultures narratives?

answer

The tower of Babel

question

What was the existence like in the up above world before the world began?

answer

They lived in harmony

question

What is the relationship of the Great Chief and the celestial tree?

answer

He lives in the tree, is a place where everyone gather daily

question

What similarities do the tree in Genesis have with the Celestial tree?

answer

Both are fruitful, located in the middle and are the key of destitution of men

question

What does the tree symbolizes?

answer

The communion with the heavenly one

question

What situation involving the punishment of the Sky woman qualifies as an archaetype?

answer

The excile

question

What similarities does the Sky woman situation and punishment have to mans actions and consequences?

answer

Separation from God and they needed to make their own food

question

How is the land formed?

answer

Every animal tries to make her feel comfortable and they give a little bit of what they have

question

How does vegetation originated?

answer

By the seeds that she catched

question

Example of archetype on character in the story?

answer

Good mind and evil mind are compared to Cain and Abel

question

Biblical brothers who influence in the story?

answer

Saul and his brothers

question

Why is Earth-mother connection important?

answer

Because of the way they justify calling Earth a libing thing

question

How does Good mind prove himself?

answer

Earth, wind, fire, and water

question

Stories similar to Good Mind strenghts

answer

The Iliad, Samson

question

How is good creation corrupted?

answer

Evil mind corrupted it

question

How does the situation of Good mind and Evil mind compare to Cain and Abel?

answer

Envy, revenge

question

Symbolizes banishment

answer

The great cave

question

Animal that suceed in touching the bottom of the water with its nose

answer

Muskrat

question

How many roots spread from the tree of great peace?

answer

2 roots

question

What is the name of these roots of the tree of great peace and what was its nature?

answer

The great white roots, peace and strenght

question

According to the Iroquois Constitution, what is the mission of the five nations?

answer

Include anyone who agrees to the Constitution

question

In terms of governmental body what do the roots of the tree of peace in the Iroquois constitution symbolize?

answer

Strength and unity

question

In the Iroquois Constitution what is the task of the eagle that sits at the top of the Tree of Long Leaves?

answer

To warn people of danger

question

Who is meant to see the smoke of the Confederacy Council fire as it ascends to the sky?

answer

Iroquois allies

question

Why do the Lords of the five nations give thanks to the Lord before they begin deliberations?

answer

Out of respect

question

According to the Iroquois Constitution, how do the Iroquois refer to their god?

answer

The great creator

question

For what purpose did the Iroquois Constitution use strings of shells?

answer

As money

question

What does a candidate for lordship in the confederacy pledge when he gives four strings of shells?

answer

He pledges his loyalty to the constitution

question

According to the Iroquois Constitution, what does it meant the value of anger?

answer

It is a self destructive characteristic

question

According to the Iroquois Constitution, what is the most important goal of a confederate lord?

answer

To act for the welfare of all the people

question

Which word describes an exchange that has taken place between a buyer and a seller?

answer

Transacted

question

Why do the Lord of the 5 nations gather at the tree of great peace?

answer

To make agreements that apply to all

question

What do the four roots of the tree of great peace symbolize?

answer

The regions of the confederacy

question

What do the confederacy lords do before they discuss matters at their council?

answer

Express gratitude to one another

question

Smith found time to write the earliest significant accounts of the ____ and ____ settlements.

answer

Virginia, New England

question

Served as a foot soldier for the English, was a slave captured by the Turks, pirate, colonial leader and new world promoter

answer

John Smith

question

It was largely because of his successful leadership and diplomacy that Jamestown escaped destruction

answer

John Smith

question

In the last phase of his life, he promoted the settlement of New England and God and Christian work

answer

John Smith

question

John Smiths testimony is undercut, critics claim, by his tendency to use his account for ___ and ___

answer

Self praise, self justification

question

John Smiths account of Pocahontas saving his life does not appear in his ___ record but does in the ___ version.

answer

1608, 1624

question

An account of historic events with characters who are real people

answer

Historical narrative

question

The way a story is told or the position from which the narrator presents story elements

answer

Point of view

question

The narrator stands outside the story and refers to characters in the story as he, she or they

answer

Third person point of view

question

Argumenta intended to a persons logical, emotional or ethical sensibilities

answer

Persuasive appeals

question

An authors attitude toward a subject

answer

Tone

question

The authors reason for writing

answer

Purpose

question

The person or group whom the author is writing

answer

Audience

question

A system of beliefs and values through which one views the world

answer

Worldview

question

Personal preferences that inhibits one from seeing the potential value of others judgement

answer

Bias

question

What literary category is from the general history of Virginia?

answer

Historical narrative

question

What category is A description of new England?

answer

Promotion literature

question

What is Smiths tone?

answer

Self praise

question

What is Smiths purpose?

answer

Self justification

question

Who are Smiths audience?

answer

The settlers

question

What is Smiths worldview?

answer

He believes in his duty before God and in mans capability

question

The narrator is a character in the story and refers to himself

answer

First person point of view

question

Smith religion is:

answer

Anglican

question

What is Smiths bias?

answer

Third person point of view

question

Who was the great chief of the Indians who captured John Smith?

answer

Powhatan

question

How long was Captain John Smith kept prisoner?

answer

6 or 7 weeks

question

By what means did the Indians intended to kill Captain Smith?

answer

Clubbing

question

What was the unexpected result of Captains Smith capture?

answer

The Indians offer friendship and provisions

question

What does the Indian Chief wanted from Captain Smith?

answer

Guns and a grindstone

question

How is Captain Smith spared from execution?

answer

Pocahontas covers Smiths head with her arms and head

question

On his journey back to Jamestown, what did Captain Smith expected from the 12 Indians who accompany him?

answer

He expects that they will kill him at any moment

question

What frightened the Indians?

answer

The firing of cannons

question

What was the response of the Indians when Smith returns to Jamestown after his capture?

answer

They grudgingly accept him

question

According to a description of new England, what was the primary goal of voyage?

answer

To make a profit

question

What year does Smith arrives in New England?

answer

1614

question

What were the primary activity of the groups in New England?

answer

Fishing and obtaining animal skins

question

How careful is Smith about making maps?

answer

He adds major details and landmarks

question

Arrange country, God, ourselves and king from most to least important

answer

God, king, country and ourselves

question

What does Smith thinks should be the primary motivation to convert the Indians?

answer

Religion rather than honor or prosperity

question

Puritan values:

answer

Work ethic, goal centeredness, and duty over pleasure

question

What does from a description of new England tells you about Smiths purpose in writing?

answer

Persuade to the people to come to the new world especially young married people and the fatherless

question

What are the persuasive appeals of from a description of new England?

answer

Social, nationalistic and religious appeal

question

Planting and building a foundation for his posterity

answer

Social appeal

question

Convert those poor savages to know Christ and humanity

answer

Religious appeal

question

Gain to our native mother country a kingdom to attend her, erecting towns, peopling countries, discovering things unknown

answer

Nationalistic appeal

question

Smith mixes religious and nationalistic appeal which is dangerous T/F

answer

True

question

Wrote about the establishing of the second English colony in the country

answer

William Bradford

question

Bradfords life was inseparably linked to the ____ often better know as the ____

answer

Separatists, pilgrims

question

Bradford sailed aboard the ____ which was a ____ day voyage

answer

Mayflower, 65

question

Was elected to succeed Carver and served as a governor of the colony

answer

William Bradford

question

What is Bradfords style or writing?

answer

Puritan plain style

question

Is one of the most readable histories of early america

answer

Of Plymouth Plantation

question

Bradford narrated Of Plymouth Plantation in:

answer

Third person point of view

question

Bradford draws attention to the ____ rather than the language used to express that idea

answer

Theme

question

References to people, places, events or works of literature

answer

Allusions

question

What are the two types of allusions?

answer

Biblical allusions and classical allusions

question

References to people, places, events or passages from the Bible

answer

Biblical allusion

question

References to the writings of ancient Greece or Rome

answer

Classical allusion

question

What is the main theme of from Plymouth Plantation?

answer

Gods providence

question

Gods direction in out lives

answer

Providence

question

Example of biblical allusion in of Plymouth Plantation

answer

Reference to apostle Paul journey

question

Example of classical allusion in of Plymouth Plantation

answer

Allusion to Seneca sea voyage

question

Why were the Separatists not sorrowful about leaving their country to the New World?

answer

They were following religious pursuits

question

What was the Mayflower original destination? Where did they end up at?

answer

Virginia, New England

question

What was Bradfords attitude toward the death of the young man who is the first one on the ship to have been thrown overboard?

answer

Triumphant about the results of Gods vengeance and deliberance

question

What is the colonists first action after arriving safely?

answer

Praising God

question

Bradford refers to the colonists sea experience ___ ___ ___ Seneca and Paul situation

answer

More severe than

question

What was the motivation of the Mayflower compact?

answer

To commit discontented non church members to the duty of forming a united colony

question

About how many colonists were strangers than separatists?

answer

Over half

question

How many of the original 102 settlers died during the first winter of the Plymouth colony?

answer

52

question

During the most difficult period of that first winter, how many healthy people took care of everyone else?

answer

6-7

question

What inhospitable action did the Indians do before they became friends with the colonists?

answer

Steal tools

question

Who was the first Indian to talk to the colonists?

answer

Samoset

question

What did the peace treaty emphasize?

answer

From the neighboring with the Indian tribes and colonists, both of them will provide aid to each other in the event of an attack of a third party and the Indians must not injure the colonists

question

He was a special instrument sent by God for the pilgrims good

answer

Squanto

question

What does Squanto do for the Pilgrims?

answer

Shows them were to fish and how to plant corn

question

Where did Squanto learned English?

answer

England

question

Squanto lived with the pilgrims until he died T/F

answer

True

question

What happened in the spring that encouraged the Pilgrims?

answer

Deaths ended and the sick ones recovered

question

What position was held by John Carver?

answer

Governor

question

What position was held by William Brewster?

answer

Reverend and the elder

question

What position was held bu Myles Standish?

answer

Captain and military commander

question

To what celebration did the peace treaty lead?

answer

Thanksgiving

American Literature Ch.1 bju test – Flashcards

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