Oncology Practice Questions – Flashcards
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A client with uterine cancer is receiving chemo and develops thrombocytopenia. Due to this side effect the nurse should plan to give greatest consideration to which of the following? A. Monitoring for signs of infection B. Reminding the client to use an electric razor C. Encouraging frequent rest periods D. Instruct client to vigorously brush and floss teeth
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B. Reminding the client to use an electric razor rationale: Thrombocytopenia is a decrease in the amount of platelets, increasing risk of bleeding
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A client who has a suspected ovarian tumor is scheduled to have a pelvic ultrasound. In preparing the client for the procedure, the nurse instructs the client to..? A. drink 4-6 glasses of water and do not void B. have nothing to eat or drink after midnight C. self-administer an enema the night before the procedure D. Abstain from sexual intercourse the night before
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A. drink 4-6 glasses of water and do not void rationale: pelvic ultrasound requires a full bladder
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Four weeks after a bone marrow transplant, a client develops a fever and a rash on the hands and feet. Based on these findings, the nurse should suspect that the client is experiencing which of the following conditions? A. allergic response to medication B. Side effects of radiation therapy C. veno-occlusive disease of the liver D. graft-versus-host disease
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D. graft-versus-host disease
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A nurse is developing a care plan for a client immediately following a bone marrow transplant. Which of the following post transplant concerns should be the nurse's highest priority? A. pain B. social isolation C. risk for infection D. graft-versus-host disease
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C. risk for infection
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A client receiving chemo every few weeks is told by the provider what his nadir was at his last treatment. When asked by the client what a nadir is, an appropriate answer by the nurse would be which of the following? The nadir is the...? A. lowest point your blood count reached after treatment B. Highest point your blood count reaches after treatment C. point at which next dose of chemo can be given again D. point of chemo therapy determined to be effective
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A. lowest point your blood count reached after treatment
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A client with bladder cancer is being treated with intravesical administration of immunotherapy. During the treatment, the nurse should do which of the following? A. Maintain the client in Trendelenburg position for at least 2 hrs B. Tell the client to get up to urinate when he feels the urge C. Assist the client with changing positions every 15 min for 2 hrs D. Have a gown and mask ready for removal of the fluid from the bladder
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C. Assist the client with changing positions every 15 min for 2 hrs rationale: Helps to distribute the medication
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A nurse is preparing to discharge a client who had a right radical mastectomy 2 days ago and will be going home with drains still in the incision. When developing a discharge plan of care for this client, which of the following is appropriate for the nurse to include? A. Empty the reservoir bulb attached to the drain once a day B. Avoid exercises that raise the right arm over the head for 6 weeks C. Take your blood pressure on the left arm D. Report numbness of the inner right arm to the provider
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C. Take your blood pressure on the left arm
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A sibling of a client recently diagnosed with colon cancer questions the nurse in regard to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) blood test. Appropriate info from the nurse should include, "The CEA test is...? A. most helpful in monitoring in the progress of the disease in clients already being treated for colon cancer B. an effective screening test and is indicated due to your family history of colon cancer C. recommended by the American Cancer Association to be performed yearly starting at age 50 D. used to confirm diagnosis if a client has symptoms consistent with colon or rectal cancer
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A. most helpful in monitoring in the progress of the disease in clients already being treated for colon cancer
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A client with leukemia suffers a relapse, and the provider recommends a bone marrow transplant. After the provider leaves, the client asks the nurse, "Do they put the bone marrow back in me the same way they took it out for biopsy?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. No, its transfused just like any other blood component into your central IV line B. yes, its replaced directly into the bone like a biopsy, but it requires several sites C. Yes, however, you will not feel it because they will do it in the operating room under anesthesia D. I'll get the doctor back in here to answer the rest of your questions
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A. No, its transfused just like any other blood component into your central IV line
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A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with metastatic lung cancer who is at risk for the development of superior vena cava syndrome. The nurse includes in the plan to assess the client frequently for early manifestations of superior vena cava syndrome including...? A. irregular cardiac rhythm B. change in level of consciousness C. wasting of arms D. facial edema
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D. facial edema
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A client with multiple myeloma is admitted to the unit with a white blood cell count 2,200/mm3. Which of the following foods should the nurse prohibit family members from bringing to the client? A. Fried chicken from a fast food shop B. A gift basket of bagels C. A factory-sealed box of chocolates D. A fresh fruit basket
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D. A fresh fruit basket rationale: raw fruits and vegetables are contraindicated in a low WBC count
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A nurse anticipates that a client who is receiving antineoplastic meds may manifest which of the following side effects? A. gingival hyperplasia B. hirsutism C. Aplastic anemia D. weight gain
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C. Aplastic anemia
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A client is admitted to the hospital after being treated with vincristine for cancer. The client reports being diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy due to chemotherapy. When assessing the client, the nurse should expect to see which of the following clinical manifestations in the client's extremities? A. edema B. tingling C. ataxia D. spasms
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B. tingling
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A client is receiving external radiation therapy. Which of the following statements indicates to the nurse that the client understands the discharge teaching plan? A. I need to protect the area from sunlight B. Im going to apply skin cream every day to the area C. I'll massage the area once a day D. I'll wash the markings off after each therapy treatment
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A. I need to protect the area from sunlight
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A nurse is an oncology clinic is conducting an assessment on a client with multiple myeloma. In relation to lab findings commonly associated with this diagnosis, the nurse should carefully assess the client for manifestations related to which of the following? A. hypocalcemia B. thrombocytopenia C. Leukocytosis D. Polycythemia
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B. thrombocytopenia
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A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with cancer in situ. The client asks the nurse what type of cancer this is. An appropriate response by the nurse would be that cancer in situ is when abnormal cell production..? A. has spread to a distant site B. has infiltrated the lymph nodes C. has invaded surrounding tissue D. has developed within a localized area
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D. has developed within a localized area
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A nurse is caring for a client who has just begun chemo for acute lymphoma. The plan of care indicates that signs of tumor lysis syndrome should be part of the nursing assessment. Which of the following assessment findings are consistent with tumor lysis syndrome? A. Polyuria B. Muscle weakness C. Flank pain D. Hypotension
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C. Flank pain rationale: due to stress put on kidneys
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A client with breast is receiving a combination of chemo agents. The nurse identifies the rationale for this combined treatment modality is that the...? A. risk of renal toxicity is lessened B. agents act at different stages of cellular mitosis C. length of treatment will be shorter D. potential for bone marrow suppression is eliminated
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B. agents act at different stages of cellular mitosis
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A client is being evaluated in an oncology clinic after referral by the client's provider for suspicion of Hodgkin's disease. Secondary to this possible diagnosis, the nurse should focus on assessing for which of the following? A. Bone and joint pain B. Enlarged lymph nodes C. Difficulty swallowing D. Patchy alopecia
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B. Enlarged lymph nodes
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An adolescent female client who had a successful bone marrow transplant is being discharged. Which of the following information should the nurse include as a part of the discharge plan? (SATA) A. Take a temperature twice a day B. You may return to school if you feel strong enough C. It is important to always wear shoes D. Clean your toothbrush weekly with isopropyl alcohol E. Avoid using tampons
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A. Take a temperature twice a day C. It is important to always wear shoes E. Avoid using tampons
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The nurse is responding to a student nurse question about metastasis. What statement is correct regarding tumor metastasis through the bloodstream? A. Tumor cells will stop growing when they enter the bloodstream. B. The neoplastic mass leaves the bloodstream by using its invasive abilities to move to the nearest organ. C. Malignant cells in the bloodstream can survive despite the immune system. D. Tumor cells travel through the bloodstream to the nearest organs.
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B. The neoplastic mass leaves the bloodstream by using its invasive abilities to move to the nearest organ. rationale: Tumor cells form an embolus and continue growing in size until their size prevents further travel in the blood vessel. After the neoplastic mass is no longer able to travel down the bloodstream, it uses its invasive abilities (secreting enzymes and mobility factor) to move into the nearest organ.
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The client is receiving teletherapy to the neck for a tumor. The nurse would anticipate which of the following side effects? A. Fatigue and depression B. Ulcerations of the mucous membranes C. Chemical sunburn D. Altered hepatic and renal functioning
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B. Ulcerations of the mucous membranes
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A client has been diagnosed with a superficial tumor on the right lung. The nurse realizes that this client may be a good candidate for which therapy? A. Biotherapy B. Photodynamic therapy C. Internal radiation D. Chemotherapy
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B. Photodynamic therapy rationale: Photodynamic therapy is the intravenous injection of a photosensitizing compound to treat superficial tumors on the chest wall, pleura, bronchus, head, and neck.
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The nurse is discussing chemotherapy with a client newly diagnosed with cancer. Which statements are accurate regarding chemotherapy? (SATA) A. It involves the use of cytotoxic medications. B. Chemotherapeutic agents have side effects. C. It often reduces the size of the tumor. D. Chemotherapy is given through a vascular access device. E. It is often effective with just one cycle.
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A. It involves the use of cytotoxic medications. B. Chemotherapeutic agents have side effects. C. It often reduces the size of the tumor. D. Chemotherapy is given through a vascular access device.
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The nurse is discussing chemotherapy options for a client diagnosed with cancer. The client voices eagerness to plan a family when chemotherapy is completed. The nurse understands that which chemotherapy classification should be avoided? A. Antimetabolites B. Hormones C. Alkylating agents D. Antitumor antibiotics
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C. Alkylating agents rationale: Alkylating agents cause irreversible infertility
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The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of cancer. The nurse explains the test that is ordered to determine the name, grade, and stage of malignant tissue. To which test is the nurse referring? A. Computed tomography scan B. Microscopic cytologic examination C. Magnetic resonance imaging D. Tumor marker analysis
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B. Microscopic cytologic examination rationale: Microscopic cytologic examination is done to determine the name, grade, and stage, of the specimen. Specimens are taken by exfoliation of the epithelial surface, aspiration of fluid or blood, or aspiration of cells from solid tumors.
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You are caring for a client who is receiving teletherapy (external radiation) for cancer. Which of the following are side effects the client may experience? (SATA) A. Diarrhea B. Alopecia C. Mucous membrane ulceration D. Nausea and vomiting E. Skin changes
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A. Diarrhea C. Mucous membrane ulceration D. Nausea and vomiting E. Skin changes
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Which of the following is a guideline for early detection and treatment of colon or rectal cancer for clients who are older than age 50 years? A. A double-contrast barium enema every 10 years B. A guaiac-based fecal occult blood test annually C. A flexible sigmoidoscopy every year D. A CT colonography every 2 years
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B. A guaiac-based fecal occult blood test annually rationale: A flexible sigmoidoscopy should be given every 5 years, not every year. A double-contrast barium enema should be given every 5 years, not every 10 years. A CT colonography should be given every 5 years, not every 2 years.
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Which of the following is a health promotion activity for the early detection and treatment of cervix/uterine cancer? A. Begin DRE at age 50 years B. Conduct breast self-examinations monthly starting at age 20 years C. Begin screenings 3 years after first having vaginal intercourse but no later than age 21 years D. Begin yearly mammograms at age 40 years
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C. Begin screenings 3 years after first having vaginal intercourse but no later than age 21 years
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The nurse is discussing the value of early detection of colorectal cancer with a 53-year-old client. Which recommended diagnostic tests should the nurse include in the discussion? (SATA) A. CBC B. Sigmoidoscopy C. Barium enema D. Fecal guaiac test E. CT colonography
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B. Sigmoidoscopy C. Barium enema D. Fecal guaiac test E. CT colonography
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The nurse is caring for a client with stomach cancer who has been receiving chemotherapy. The client has a positive blood culture, and his temperature is 103.4°F (39.7°C). Which additional findings are most likely to be present? (SATA) A. Edema B. Tachycardia C. Polyuria D. Hypotension E. Altered level of consciousness
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A. Edema B. Tachycardia D. Hypotension E. Altered level of consciousness rationale: The client is exhibiting signs of bacterial tumor sepsis which leads to septic shock and multisystem organ failure.
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The removal of entire breast, pectoralis major and minor muscles and neck lymph nodes which is followed by skin grafting is a procedure called: A Simple mastectomy B Modified radical mastectomy C Radiation therapy D Radical mastectomy
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D Radical mastectomy
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The nurse is preparing Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). Safe handling of the drug should be implemented to protect the nurse from injury. Which of the following action by the nurse should be corrected? A The nurse should wear mask and gloves. B Air bubbles should be expelled on wet cotton. C Label the hanging IV bottle with "ANTINEOPLASTIC CHEMOTHERAPY" sign. D Vent vials after mixing
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A The nurse should wear mask and gloves. rationale: gown should also be worn
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What are the two factors needed for cancer to occur?
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Cell mutations or alterations Compromised immune system
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What are the 3 mechanisms cancer uses to metastasize?
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Blood or lymph Adjacent organs Accidentally through procedures
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Muscosal erythroplasia, facial paresthesia and speech changes are symptoms of which of the following? A. Breast cancer B. Testicular cancer C. Oropharyngeal cancer D. Lung cancer
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C. Oropharyngeal cancer
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Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of..? A. Ovarian cancer B. Oropharyngeal cancer C. Liver cancer D. Lung cancer
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B. Oropharyngeal cancer
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Is thyroid cancer more common in males or females?
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Females
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Name 3 symptoms of thyroid cancer.
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Dyspnea Hoarse voice Dysphasia Stridor Dehydration Thyroid bruits Palpable nodules Change in size and/or shape of thyroid
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What electrolyte imbalance is associated with Thyroid cancer?
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Hypercalcemia
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What are the 4 types of Thyroid Cancer?
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Papillary carcinoma Medullary carcinoma Follicular carcinoma Anaplastic Carcinoma
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What syndrome can cause renal cancer?
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Von-Hippel Syndrome
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What ethnicities are more susceptible to Renal Cancer?
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African Americans American Indians
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Which of the following lab values are consistent with Renal cancer? A. hematuria, increased Hgb and Hct and decreased LFT B. Decreased Hgb and Hct, increased ACTH and increased BUN C. Increased LFT, increased Hgb and Hct
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B. Decreased Hgb and Hct, increased ACTH and increased BUN rationale: Decreased: Hgb, Hct Increased: Ca, ESR, ACTH, Hcg, BUN, creatnine, and LFT
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True or False: cola-colored urine and hypocalcemia are consistent with renal cancer
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False rationale: cola-colored urine and hypercalcemia
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Which ethnicities are more susceptible to Cervical cancer?
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Hispanic African american
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What is the most common cause of Cervical cancer?
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HPV
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What ethnicities are more susceptible to Liver Cancer?
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Hispanic Mediterranean Asian African American
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Abdominal pain, weakness, ascites, jaundice and encephalopathy are signs of which type of cancer? A. Liver B. Prostate C. Renal D. Skin
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A. Liver
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What type of cancer is Kupffer cell sarcoma? A. Breast B. Lung C. Renal D. Liver
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D. Liver
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Small waxy nodules are..?
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Rough, scaly patches with persistent bleeding..?
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Multicolored, irregularly shaped new moles...?
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Malignant melanoma
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Flouruoracil, a topical antimetabolite, treats which types of cancers?
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Primarily skin cancer May also treat breast and colon and myelogenous leukemia
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Which phase is flouruoracil specific to?
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S phase
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Nursing considerations for flouruoracil
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Give with sodium bicarbonate to alkalinize urine Give antiemetic for n/v Monitor for jaundice, dark urine and clay colored stool
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Which of the following are symptoms of pancreatic cancer? (SATA) A. anorexia B. ascites C. un-relievable back pain D. hypertension E. early satiety
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A. anorexia B. ascites C. un-relievable back pain E. early satiety
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Which mutations are associated with Breast Cancer? (SATA) A. BRCA 1 B. HER 2 C. BRCA 3 D. BRCA 2 E. TP 35
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A. BRCA 1 B. HER 2 D. BRCA 2
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Which cancer is the secondary leading cause of death in women? A. ovarian B. breast C. cervical D. colon
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B. breast
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What is the expected action of oral Tamoxifen?
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Stops growth of estrogen dependent cells
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Which nutrients should clients taking tamoxifen be encouraged to consume?
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Calcium Vitamin D
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What is the expected action of oral Anastrozole?
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Hormonal agent that stops growth of breast cancer cells by blocking estrogen production
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What adverse effects are associated with Anastrozole?
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Muscle and joint pain n/v headache vaginal bleeding risk for osteoporosis hot flushes
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Which nutrients should clients taking Anastrozole be encouraged to consume?
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Calcium Vitamin D
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What is cyclophosphamide?
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Alkylating agent Kills rapid growing cells treats breast, head and neck tumors
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How is cyclophosphamide administered?
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Oral IV May be given with antiemetic
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What type of med is vincristine?
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Antimitotic specific to M phase bladder and breast tumors
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Which medication is contraindicated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome?
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Vincristine
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What type of mediation is methotrexate?
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Antimetabolite that is S phase specific
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Which meds can cause congenital abnormalities?
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Methotrexate Mercatopurine
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What type of medication is procarbazine?
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Antineoplastic
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Which test results are consistent with ovarian cancer? A. BRCA 1 B. BRCA 2 C. HER 2 D. Increased cancer antigen 125 E. Decreased cancer antigen 125
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A. BRCA 1 B. BRCA 2 C. HER 2 D. Increased cancer antigen 125
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What type of med is paclitaxel?
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Antimitotic, stops cell division in mitosis
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What type of med is Cisplatin?
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Alkylating agent given IV
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What should the nurse monitor for in a patient taking Cisplatin?
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Hearing loss Hematuria
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What type of med is hydroxyurea?
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Antineoplastic
