question

By the 1870s, homesteaders discovered that most of the prime land in the West was

answer

already in the hands of speculators

question

Chinese immigrants made up what proportion of the workforce that built America's first transcontinental railroad?

answer

90 percent

question

For what reason did hundreds of thousands of Americans migrate to the West in the three decades after 1870?

answer

to own their own land

question

How did the invention of barbed wire revolutionize the cattle industry?

answer

allowed ranchers to fence in their cattle

question

How did the Utah legislature counter the criticism of polygamy in 1870?

answer

gave women the right to vote

question

What did the Homestead Act of 1862 promise to potential migrants to the West?

answer

one hundred sixty acres free to any citizen or prospective citizen who settled on land west of the Mississippi River for five years

question

What occurred after Geronimo surrendered to General Miles in 1886?

answer

The government sent nearly five hundred Apaches to prisons in the South.

question

What occurred under the "outing system" of the 1880s?

answer

indian children forced to live with white families over summer vacation

question

What was the easiest way to get rich in the American silver mining industry?

answer

Selling claims to land or forming mining companies and selling stock

question

What was the Ghost Dance?

answer

A religious ritual that was supposed to lead to the destruction of whites and the return of the buffalo.

question

What was the outcome of the second Treaty of Fort Laramie?

answer

The treaty was violated by the U.S. government after gold was discovered in the Black Hills.

question

What was the outcome of the transformation of agriculture to big business in the South and West during the post-Civil War era?

answer

increasing number of laborers worked land they would never own

question

What was the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

answer

to decrease the Chinese population of the American west

question

Which group or groups composed the population of the area from the Great Plains to the Pacific Ocean during the last decades of the nineteenth century?

answer

people from various parts of Europe, Asia, and the Americas

question

Which of the following characterizes life for women on the western frontier in the late nineteenth century?

answer

forced to work hard to accomplish even the simplest tasks

question

Which of the following describes African American cowboys in the West in the late nineteenth century?

answer

They had a substantial presence in the region but not in the fiction of the time.

question

Which of the following describes women in Virginia City by 1870?

answer

they worked primarily as housekeepers

question

Which of the following explains why the U.S. army gunned down unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota in 1890?

answer

American soldiers feared an uprising provoked by a militant interpretation of the Ghost Dance religion.

question

Which of the following terms best characterizes Virginia City, Nevada, and other mining centers in the late nineteenth century?

answer

sprawling industrialized communities

question

Who was Geronimo?

answer

An Apache warrior and chieftain who led raiding parties and burned ranches on both sides of the Mexican border

question

According to American businessmen who subscribed to the economic theory of laissez-faire, what was the role of the government in the economy?

answer

should not interfere in economic affairs except to protect private property

question

According to Ida B. Wells, lynching was a problem rooted in

answer

economics and the shifting social structure of the south

question

Democrats dubbed the Republican-dominated Fifty-first Congress the "Billion Dollar Congress" because it spent the nation's surplus on

answer

lawmakers own constituents

question

Having stated that "the paramount issue this year is moral rather than political," supporters of Grover Cleveland in 1884 were chagrined to learn that Cleveland had

answer

fathered a child out of wedlock

question

How did Alexander Graham Bell's telephone revolutionize both communications and business in America?

answer

He used a complicated organizational structure in his new company that allowed both local and cross-country communication.

question

How did Morgan achieve his stunning reorganization and consolidation of businesses in the late nineteenth century?

answer

He sometimes formed a community of interest comprised of a handful of directors.

question

In her History of the Standard Oil Company published in McClure's Magazine, Ida M. Tarbell characterized John D. Rockefeller as

answer

a man who had used illegal methods to take over the oil industry

question

The economic theory of laissez-faire gained political clout in the late nineteenth century because

answer

the Supreme Court increasingly was reinterpreting the Constitution to protect business.

question

The Greenback Labor party believed that the government should issue paper currency based on

answer

the country's total wealth

question

The tariff posed a threat to America's prosperity in the 1880s because

answer

it created a surplus that was not used to produce goods and services

question

What idea was promoted by the theory of social Darwinism in the late nineteenth century?

answer

Progress is the result of competition where the strong survived and the weak died out.

question

What was an important consequence of the civil service reform of the 1880s?

answer

business became even more influential in politics than before

question

What was evident in the call for a New South in the decades after Reconstruction?

answer

the desire among southerners to switch to an industrial economy

question

What was the outcome of the notion that black men were a threat to white women in the South in the late nineteenth century?

answer

an increasing number of lynchings across the south

question

When advocates of bimetallism referred to the crime of '73, they were talking about

answer

the decision by Congress in 1873 to stop buying and minting silver.

question

Where had electricity been put to use in the United States by the late nineteenth century?

answer

mostly in urban areas

question

Which of the following was true of Standard Oil in the 1890s?

answer

controlled more than 90 percent of the oil business

question

Which relatively new building material both improved railroading in the late nineteenth century and depended on it?

answer

steel produced through the Bessemer process

question

Which statement describes the oil industry before John D. Rockefeller's rise to power?

answer

low entry costs allowed riotous competition

question

Why did John D. Rockefeller first organize Standard Oil as a trust?

answer

control the key elements of production and corner the market for oil

question

After 1880, most new immigrants to America originated from

answer

eastern and southern Europe

question

Along with the horse car, which mode of transportation first allowed late-nineteenth-century cities to expand into the suburbs?

answer

electric streetcar

question

By 1900, the population in New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia had each grown to exceed

answer

1 million

question

During the 1880s, the Knights of Labor advocated for

answer

public ownership of the railroads, an income tax, and equal pay for women.

question

How did most new women immigrants come to the United States in the late-nineteenth century?

answer

as wives, mothers, or daughters

question

How did the percentage of children under age fifteen working in the paid labor force in the United States change during the years leading up to World War I?

answer

it increased decade by decade

question

In the post-Civil War United States, a "city boss" was

answer

a professional politician who provided public works and social services for new residents.

question

Southern blacks migrated to northern cities in the 1890s

answer

for economic opportunities and safety

question

What circumstances enabled U.S. industrialists to hire cheap labor from around the world in the 1870s?

answer

Railroad expansion and low steamship fares brought many immigrants to America.

question

What developed as a result of the opening of department stores in the late-nineteenth-century United States?

answer

a new consumer culture

question

What development led to the emergence of the modern skyscraper in the 1890s?

answer

advent of structural steel

question

What happened to the World's Columbian Exposition site after it closed its doors in October 1894?

answer

Chicago's unemployed and homeless took over its buildings.

question

What late-nineteenth-century development did New York City's Brooklyn Bridge symbolize?

answer

the ascendancy of urban America

question

What was the "Chicago school" of the late nineteenth century?

answer

A skilled group of architects who made commercial architecture a new art form

question

What was the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

answer

a spontaneous and unorganized event

question

Which of the following describes the amenities of American city life in the 1890s?

answer

not easily accessible to the poor residents of cities

question

Which of the following describes the economic survival of the nineteenth-century American working-class family?

answer

depended on the employment of every family member

question

Which of the following describes the world economy at the turn of the twentieth century?

answer

An industrial core, an agricultural domain, and a third world tied to the industrial core by economic colonialism

question

Which of the following was an outcome of the Haymarket affair?

answer

skilled workers turned toward the American Federation of Labor

question

Why did Congress approve a literacy test for immigrants in 1896?

answer

As a means of limiting the influx of uneducated people into the country

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