Flashcards and Answers – American History Chapter 8
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How did british viewers view jeffersonian society?
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with contempt
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settlers at the time were in search of
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opportunity
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a lot had changed since the revolution
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false
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african americans repped how much of the population
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one fifth
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blacks had limited opportunities in the cities and in the west
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true
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what fanned disagreement about the spread of slavery to western territories
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war of 1812 and purchase of louisiana
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what did the jeffersonians insist on
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strict interpretation of constitution, peaceful foreign relations, and reducing feds role in lives of citizens
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what did jefferson do before he retired
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interpreted constitution in way that premitted gov to purchase louisiana
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population of the us grew slowly
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false, 7,240,000 americans, a jump of 2 million in 10 years
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what percent of people were black slaves
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20
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the pop increase was a result of
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natural reproduction
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during jeffs presidency, few immigrants moved to new world
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true
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largest group of people were
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people under 16
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it was a time of optimism for white americans
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true
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why did entrepenuers and engineers advance in society
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because society rated personal merit higher than familial background
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what did the formation of regional identifications reflect
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improving transportation links that allowed people to travel more easily
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local writers were for rejection of democratic values
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false
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what was the difference in which people described themselves in the potomac river
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as southerners, as opposed to citizens in the chesapeak and carolinas
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the shifting focus of attention resulted from
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shared economic interests and outside attacks on slavery
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where did the most striking changes occur
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the west
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how did the west change from before american revolution
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before revo, only indian traders ventured across applations, after, more people went
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why did people go to the west
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because they were in search of farms and rich soil
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how did people get to the west
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by the northern route
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important commercial ports in the west
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pittsburg and cincinatti
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where were territorial governments formed
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louisiana, michigan, illinois, and missouri
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where did southerners go to in the west
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kentucky and tennessee
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what did westerners depend on heavily
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water transportation
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why were riverboats useful
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becuase of the high cost of hauling goods overland, they repped only economic means of carrying products to markets
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what river was a crucial commercial link
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mississippi
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why did westerners not feel secure
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because spain controlled new orleans
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families that moved west attemped to stay away from eastern costums
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false
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distinctive folkways in the west were a result of
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mixing of peoples of different background
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name two western heroes
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mike fink and daniel boone
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who was a famed trapper and indian fighter
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daniel boone
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who was a keelboatman
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mike fink
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americans who crossed the mountains were not excited to go to the west
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false
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why did many native americans live in the ohio valley at the beg of the nineteenth century
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because the land belonged to them
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what was the a challenge for the indians
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they lacked unity
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why did the indians lack unity
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dependent on trade and revaged by disease
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what pissed off shawnee leaders and tecumseh
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indians were selling parts of the land
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who was shawnee leaders prophet
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tenskwatawa
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who was shawnee leaders prophet brother
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tecumseh
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what did tecumseh want to do
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revitalize native cultures
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how did tecumseh and brother revitalize native cultures
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by brieflypursuaded people to avoid contact with whites, resist alcohol, and hold on to their land
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how did white intruders view tecumseh
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as a threat to progress
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creed nations warriors were crushed by jackson militia at what battle
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horseshoe bend
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jefferson wanted to destroy indians
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false
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how did jefferson create his vast reservation
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by sending agents to civilize indians and transform them into yeomen farmers
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enlightened thinkers wanted to preserve indian culture
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false
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vice presidential candidate richard johnson's main qualification was
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that he killed tecumseh
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before 1820 prosperity of us depended on what
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agriculture and trade
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what percentage of pop was involved in agriculture in 1810
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84
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jeffersonian cities served primarily as
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depots for international trade
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what percent of pop lived in urban centers
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7
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what cities had some of the highest population densities in countries history
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new york, philiadelphia, and baltimore
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why were rents high
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demand for housing exceeded supply
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how did american cities influence americas hinterland
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very little influence
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why did urban merchants seldem purchase goods from distance more than 150 miles
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because of high cost of land transportation
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there was a huge seperation between rural and urban americans during jeffersons presidency
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true
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sam slater was a designer of what
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textile machinery
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sam slater established what where
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cotton spinning mills in new england
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during slaters period factories produced far more clothing than households
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false
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fulton sailed up what river
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hudson
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why was American steamship a great innovation
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it opened up markets for domestic manufacturing especially in the west
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why did ordinary workers feel threatened by machines
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because they took pride in producing an object that expressed their own personalities and found industrial workplace alienating and because it might throw craftspeople out of work or transform entrepenuers into laborers
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goals of jefferson when he ran for presidency
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reduce size and cost of fed gov, repeal fed legislation such as alien acts, and maintain peace
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jefferson needed the full cooperation of congress repubs
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true
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jefferson had close ties with leaders of congress
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true
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what did jefferson never have to do during his two terms
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veto an act of congress
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how did jefferson select members of his cabinet
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by selecting people who supported his programs
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who became secretary of state
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james madison
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why did gallitin become treasurer
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because he understood complexities of fed budget
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top priority of fed government
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cutting national debt
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how did jefferson and gallitin view the deficit
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as an association with alex hamiltons finantial programs, measures harmful to republicanism
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how did jefferson diminish activities of fed gov
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by urging congress to repeal direct taxes
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how did jefferson help pay the debt
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by cutting the national budget, closing american diplomatic missions, and slashing military spending, retired warships
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how did jefferson respond to new englanders complaints that budget cuts left country defenseless
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stating that reducing size of military, he promoted peace
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how did the revolution influence jeffersons thinking
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thought more about military affairs
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how did jefferson ensure that soldiers would recieve professional leadership
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created army corps of engineers and westpoint
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at the end of jeffs first term, half the federal office were appointees of washington and adams
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true
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why did fisher ames and john jay withdraw from national affairs
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they refused to adopt popular forms of campaigning that repubs
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now that the fed party is dying, how did feds attempt to reform the party
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by tightening party organization, holding conventions, and campaigning energetically
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the fed party got revived and prospered
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false
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why was getting louisiana going to be harder than jefferson expected
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because he learned that spain had transferred title to france and napoleans army would occupy new orleans and close mississippi river to american trade
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the president preferred war to negotiations
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false
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who did jefferson ask to go to paris and explore possibility of purchasing new orleans
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james monroe and robert livingston
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what happened when livingston and monroe arrived in france
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napolean had list interest in the american empire because the army he sent to haiti suffered from tropical disease in which 30000 vets died
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talleyrand offered to sell entire louisiana for
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15 million
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the louisiana purchase doubled size of usa
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true
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how did americans respond to louisiana purchase
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enthuiastically
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why did jefferson want to amend the constitution
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because it did now authorize acquiring vast territories and thousands of foreign citizens
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jefferson ask lewis and clark to explore the west
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to see weather the missouri river has water communications for the purpose of commerce and a way to collect data of plants and animals
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lewis went to school to learn about scientific observation
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false, jefferson taught him
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where did the expidition of of lewis and clark start
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st louis
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why was the expidition of lewis and clark significant to jefferson
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because it fullfilled his scientific expectations and reaffarmed his faith in the future of the usa
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on what note did jefferson end his first presidency
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on a popular note
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what had jefferson done at the end of his first term
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maintained peace, reduce taxes, and expanded united states
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the presidents attempts to reform federal courts did what
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revealed power sectional loyalties
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why was the judiciary act of 1801 passed
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because the feds were realizing that they would soon loose control over the executive branch
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what did the judiciary act of 1801 do
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created circuit courts and 16 new judgeships
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why was jefferson angry with adams
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because he filled the judgeships through his midnight appointments with \"stalwarts\" and appointed John Marshall as the new chief jusitce because he could hold his own against the president
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why did jeffersons allies want to repeal the judiciary act
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because they were staffed by feds and expensive
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what was the feds defense againstjeffersons allies want to repeal the judiciary act
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they said that the consittution was for removing fed judges only when they were found guilty of high crimes and misdemeanors and by repealing the act, the legislative branch would be dismissing judges without a trial
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the judiciary act was repealed
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true
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why did william marbury complain about the new administration
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because it would not give him comission for office of peace for district of colombia
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why were the republicans furious when marshall agreed to hear the case of william marbury
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they thought that he wanted to provoke confrontation with the executive branch
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what happened in the marbury vs madison decision
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marshall berated secretary of state for withholding marbuty comission and concluded that the supreme court did not posess juristiction over such matters
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what was significant about the marbuty vs madison case in terms of the supreme court
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it was the first time the supreme court asserted its right to judge the constitutionality of congressional acts
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what did impeachment do
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enabled the removal of officeholders`
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maubury vs madison served as a predisessant for
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the judicial review
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chages against chase were
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purely political
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chases trial is considered
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one of the most dramatic events in legal history
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the senate acquited chase
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true
