American History Chapter 11 Test – Flashcards
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Fort Sumter
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South Caroline site where the first shots of the Civil War were fired.
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Shiloh
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Bloody Tennessee battle where Union soldiers were taken by surprise; Grant reorganized troops and won.
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Ironclads
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A technological advance in maritime warfare exemplified by the ships Monitor and Merrimack.
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Northern general of Union Army; he accepted Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House in 1865.
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Robert E. Lee
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The commander of the Confederate Army, whose defeat at Gettysburg was the war's turning point.
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Antietam
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Site of 1862 Maryland battle that was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history.
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Lincoln's declaration in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and territory.
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Copperheads
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The Northern Democrats who advocated peace with the South during the Civil War.
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Conscription
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Drafting of civilians for military service.
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54th Massachusetts
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The African-American regiment commanded by Robert G. Shaw that led an assault on Fort Wagner.
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Income tax
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Tax on an individual's yearly earnings, first authorized in 1863.
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Clara Barton
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Courageous Union nurse known as the "angel of the battlefield," who later founded the American Red Cross.
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Andersonville
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Horrendous Civil War prison in Georgia with no shelter or fresh water, and a low survival rate.
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Gettysburg
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Three-day battle in Pennsylvania considered to be the turning point of the Civil War.
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Gettysburg Address
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Speech given by Lincoln in 1865 dedication of a national cemetery; it eloquently affirmed American principles.
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Vicksburg
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Mississippi city to which Grant laid siege, leading the way for Union control over the Mississippi River.
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Appomattox Court House
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Site in Virginia of the Confederate surrender on April 9, 1865.
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National Bank Act
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The 1863 law that created the federal bank system, which made banking safer for investors.
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Thirteenth Amendment
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The change to the Constitution that abolished slavery, passed in 1865.
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John Wilkes Booth
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The Southern sympathizer who assassinated Lincoln on April 14, 1865.
