American Government – Chapters 18/19/20/21 – Flashcards
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Which of the following are appointed to each federal judicial district by the President and the Senate?
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U.S. attorneys
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A justice of the Supreme Court is assigned to which courts?
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Courts of appeals
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Which court often holds trials in major ports that import large amounts of foreign goods?
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the Court of International Trade
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What court hears a case that often ends in Congress appropriating money to a plaintiff?
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Court of Federal Claims
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Which courts have been set up by Congress for Guam and the Northern Marianas?
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Territorial courts
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A judge who supports judicial restraint might believe which of the following?
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Follow precedent and the original intent of the law
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Why is the Supreme Court's decision in the case Marbury v. Madison important today?
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because it allows the Supreme Court to overrule an unconstitutional law
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Which is one of the three things the Supreme Court may do when it reviews a case?
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allow the lower court ruling to stand
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Which of the following are the government's prosecutors?
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U.S. Attorneys
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A justice of the Supreme Court is assigned to each of
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the court of appeals
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Most of the Supreme Court's come to it
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on appeal from the federal courts of appeals and the highest State courts
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How many justices must agree to a Supreme Court decision?
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at least five
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When the U.S. government is sued for damages, the case is first heard in the
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Court of Federal Claims
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Which of the following statements about appellate courts is true?
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Appellate courts may overrule or modify decisions of lower courts
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Territorial courts are similar in function to
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local courts
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Which right(s) has the Supreme Court decided to protect under the Due Process Clause?
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most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights
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What did the Supreme Court say about seditious speech in Schenck v. United States?
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Words can be weapons
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What kind of speech does the government limit on public radio and television broadcasts?
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obscene language
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Why has the Supreme Court upheld laws that require advance notice and permits for protests in public places?
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because protests can threaten the peace
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Why does Thoreau refer to government as a "machine" in his statement?
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It is unemotional
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What is commercial speech?
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any speech for business purpose
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Which would be protested under the constitutional right to assemble and petition the government?
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gathering in a park to demand government change
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The free exercise of religion is limited when a particular religious practice
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violates criminal laws
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Which document protects rights not directly stated in the Constitution?
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the 9th Amendment
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Which of the following is an example of the Supreme Court limiting the free exercise of religion?
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requiring the vaccination of schoolchildren, even if their religion opposes it
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How do the rights of assembly and petition affect private property?
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They do not give people the right to trespass, even to express political views
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The right of association is included in the Constitution's guarantee of
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freedom of assembly and petition
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If a person granted bail by a court does not show up for trial, what does that person lose?
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money paid to the court
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Which is treason as it is defined in the Constitution?
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giving aid to the nation's enemies in wartime
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Which amendment protects a defendant against self-incrimination in a criminal case?
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5th Amendment
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The Supreme Court has ruled that the death penalty can be used in which kind of case?
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crimes resulting in death
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Which is a legal requirement for police to draw blood from a drunk driver to use as evidence?
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reasonable suspicion to believe the driver is drunk
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Which is not allowed under the 13th Amendment?
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forcing people to work to fulfill a contract
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The right of privacy
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is inconsistent with the guarantees of due process
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The Miranda rule states that
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the police must read a suspect his or her rights before questioning
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States can require children to attend school until age 16. This is an example of
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the police power
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Which amendment declares that no person can be forced to be a witness against himself in a criminal case?
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5th Amendment
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A bench trial is a trial
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in which a judge alone hears the case
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One criticism of the Miranda rule is that it
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sometimes allows people who have committed crimes to go free
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Generally speaking, what has been the stance of the Supreme Court regarding cruel and unusual punishment cases?
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It has never held any type of punishment to be cruel and unusual
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Treason against the United States
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can be committed only in wartime
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Which is a name for a state law that required racial segregation in rail coaches?
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Jim Crow law
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Which are public lands set aside by the government for use by Native Americans?
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reservations
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What kind of immigration rules did the United States have before the 1880s?
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There were no immigration rules
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Which is a major problem caused by undocumented aliens in the United States?
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They are a financial burden on many states
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On average, for every $1.00 earned by working men, working women earn about
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$0.80
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Recent Supreme Court cases dealing with affirmative action indicate a trend toward
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decreased use of affirmative action
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The status of aliens in the U.S. is different from the status of citizens because aliens
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are here illegally
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The United States is a heterogenous society because it
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is made up of many kinds of people from different places
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The legal process by which a person can voluntarily give up his or her citizenship is
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denaturalization
