American Government Chapter 15 Study Guide – Flashcards
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Law of Blood
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(Jus sanguinis) at least one of your parents was a US citizen when you were born
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Law of Soil
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(Jus soli) If you're born in the U.S you are automatically a citizen. Set into law by 14th amendment and made freed slaves citizens.
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Naturalization
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A legal process to obtain citizenship- authorized by 14th Amendment.
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Denaturalization
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The loss of citizenship through fraud or deception during the naturalization process
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Expatriation
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The legal process by which a loss of citizenship occurs. Giving up one's citizenship and living in another country is called
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Unrestricted Immigration
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Before the 1800s anyone who wanted to come to US could with little or few restrictions. Although tension from people living in the US already and new immigration was hostile.
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Refugees
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People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.
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Illegal Aliens
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Persons residing illegaly in the nation, sometimes referred to as undocumented residents
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Deported
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An action where foreigners would be expelled from a country.
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Amnesty
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A general pardon for an offense against a government; in general, any act of forgiveness or absolution
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Ethnic Group
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Group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or combination of such characteristics
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Prejudice
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A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority.
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Equal Protection Clause
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14th amendment clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat discrimination
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14th Amendment
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Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
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Civil Rights
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1964; banned discrimination in public acomodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment; enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal
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Reasonable Distinction
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government distinguish between different groups of people
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Rational Basis Test
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a test less intensive than the strict scrutiny test that the Supreme Court uses to decide equal protection cases; the test asks whether the classification in question bears a reasonable relationship to the achievement of some proper governmental purpose
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Strict Scrutiny Test
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a test applied by the court when a classification is based on race; the government must show that there is a compelling reason for the law and no other less restrictive way to meet the interest
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De Jure Segregation
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Racial segregation that is required by law
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Segregation
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Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences
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Jim Crow Laws
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Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
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Sweatt v. Painter
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court case involving an African American student entering the University of Texas School of law, ruled that he should be allowed to attend with whites
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
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1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
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Swann v. Charlotte- Mecklenburg
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Approved busing and redrawing district lines as ways of integrating public schools
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Loving v. Virginia
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1967: This is the court case that declared all laws against interracial marriage unconstitutional
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De Facto Segregation
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Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement
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Nonviolent Protests
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Boycotts, Marches, and Sit-ins. During the Civil Rights Movement. Peaceful and non violent
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Rosa Parks
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A black seamstress and the Montgomery NAACP's secretary who became famous for her refusal to stand on a bus when a white man wished to sit, and was subsequently arrested. This began a city-wide boycott of the bus system, which was highly detrimental to those companies and set a movement in place to remove transportation segregation as well.
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Sit in
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the act of occupying seats or sitting down on the floor of an establishment as a form of organized protest
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Greensboro Four
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four college students who sat at Woolworth's lunch counter and were refused to be served; first 4 Greensboro sit-inners
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The March on Washington
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In 1963, Congress was discussing a bill to end segregation in the United States. To show support for the bill, Dr. King and other civil rights leaders organized a protest march in Washington, D.C. Over 200,000 people took part. Dr. King gave his most famous speech at the march. His speech became known as the "I Have a Dream" speech.
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Martin Luther King
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Civil Rights Leader. Born in Atlanta. Developed a non-violent approach to social change after studying others like Gandhi. Founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Gave the "I have a Dream Speech" at the March of Washington
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People with disabilities
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Civil rights protection extended to people with disabilities. American Disabilities Act (ADA). Forbids employers to discriminate towards people with disabilities.
