Flashcards and Answers – African American History
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How did some blacks legislatures try to gain land for blacks?
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they tried to make taxes on large land owners so high so they would have to sell their land.
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who tried to help the land owners?
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Andrew Johnson
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how did class and social status divide blacks during reconstruction?
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leaders who had been slaves where often worried about land and labor issues, those who had been free were often worried about civil rights issues.
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what was the first opportunity for many black men to participate in politics in the south?
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delegates to the constitutional conventions during reconstruction (very few).
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What percentage of the delegates to the constitutional convention were black?
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25%
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what former confederate states had the most blacks holding offices during reconstruction?
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south carolina. there was 14 blacks in the house of representatives and the majority of the house of senate was controlled by blacks, the speaker was also black.
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who were the carpet baggers and scally wags?
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carpet baggers were white republicans from the north, and scally wags were southerners who supported republicans, they wanted a modernized south/more diversified.
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what was the highest state office to which a black man was elected?
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Pinch back Lutant Governer
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What did southerners mean when they
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what was a problem face by republicans in established schools druing reconstruction?
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states had little money to give, some parents were opposed to educational laws, and white parents refused to allow their children to go to intergrated schools.
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where was the KKK most powerful in the south?
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wherever blacks were a small minority
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how did congress react to repeated southern attempt to stop blacks from participating in government?
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passed the 15th amendment
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what was often the problem with laws enforced against the actions of blacks?
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many times local law enforcement and troops sided with blacks.
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what is true about the enforcement acts of 1878-1871?
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often authorize the president to send in troops if necessary
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why did the freedmans saving bank fail?
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white leaders invested unsoundly and lost everything in the panic of 1873. the president of bank was fredrick douglas
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what was the result of the civil rights act of 1873?
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overturned by teh supreme court
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what is true about the end of reconstruction?
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whites learned that intimidation and violence could reduce black voting, democrates regained control of southern legislators, and left few lasting benidits for blacks.
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wheat provoked the hamburg massacer
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...
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how did the outcome teh the missisipi shot gun policy differ from south carolina's
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grant sent troops to south carolina but not to missisippi to stop violence.
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what did martin delany believe about republicans and democrates?
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republicans were liars and could not be counted on, and democrates could be trusted.
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what three states were still unredeemed in 1876?
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florida, south carolina, and mississippi
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what rep. B. Hayes promise in order to win the election in 1876?
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allow redeemption to occur in south carolina, florida, and mississippi, and withdraw troops.
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how did democrates limit black political power in the south even if they were voting?
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creatively drew political congressional districts so that the few blacks could be elected to office.
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what is true about farmers in the south during 1820's
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more than half wre tenents renting land rather than owning it.
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how did the southern famrers alliance deal with race?
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excluded blacks who formed their own organization, the colored farmers alliences.
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waht view did the white farmers allience have about blacks voting?
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shouldnt be able to vote, or if they did vote the white mans way
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waht was a belief of the populace party?
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government ownership, the railroads, and communication system
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what was the results of the popularity of the populous party
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hightened fears of southerns that blacks might gain political power.
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what is significant about the year 1892?
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the populus campaigned for the blacks to support thier party
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what was the problem as viewed by many white southern states of voing lawas like literary test, poll tests, and property qualifications?
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they eliminated poor white voters as well as blacks
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what new twist did louisina add in 1898 to stop blacks from voting
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the grandfather clauses
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what were grandfather clauses?
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voting restrictions in which a person could vote only if father or grandfather could vote at the end of 1860
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before jim crow laws came into affect acroos sthe south what had whites already began to do?
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restrict balcks access to public places
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where did the term jim crow come from?
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a white minstril show that made fun of black people.
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in the poulous party which leader openingly promoted interacial cooperation as a way of solving farmers problems
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thomas watkins, but he did not promote nor support equality between races.
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why did some blacks accept segregation?
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comfortable with thier own race, some access to palce they didnt before, had their won segregated institutions at the time
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what do the actions of homer plessy tell us about blacks and segregation
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some balcks were wiling to test the laws by being arreste dand going to court.
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what was the effect of the plessy vs. ferguson desision
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suprem court made the 14th amendment ineffective for blacks, the highest court in the land accepte dthe unequal discrimination of blacks
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how did blacks resist segregation laws regarding street cars
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boycotts, sit-ins, sepearate transportation companies, and walking.
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what were the similarited in Washington county, TX in 1886 and phoenix south carolina in 1898
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in both cases whites wer attemptin to maintain or gain political power
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what incident promted teh racial violenc in willmington north carolina
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black reporter suggested that white women were willinginly having sex with black men.
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who was the last black man from the south to serve in congress until andrew young in 1972
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George H. White
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what is true about the number of lynchings in the south during the period 1889-1932
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about 2 or 3 people were lynched every week
