question

age when state laws required school attendance through the early teens (only 5% in 1890)

answer

age of adolescence

question

if economy is not industrialized, _ may be of limited use

answer

school based knowledge

question

19th century secondary school

answer

for wealthy males; broad liberal arts

question

1920 secondary school

answer

framework for American high schools as we know it today was established

question

mid 20th century secondary school

answer

expanding school population; curriculum expands to include family life, arts, music, PE

question

1980s secondary school

answer

back to basics movement (less leisure classes)

question

adolescents attending secondary school in developed countries

answer

virtually all

question

adolescents attending secondary school in developing countries

answer

about 50%

question

emerging adults attending college in developed countries

answer

50%

question

emerging adults attending college in developing countries

answer

10%

question

secondary education in USA, Canada, and Japan

answer

comprehensive high school

question

secondary education in Europe

answer

college prep, vocational school, professional school

question

earlier decision making about career directions

answer

european system

question

greater flexibility; but everyone in the same school/classes with widely divergent educational and occupational interests and abilities

answer

american system

question

north africa, sub-saharan africa, india, china, latin america

answer

developing countries

question

girls less likely to attend secondary school, rising enrollment rates for both genders, many schools poorly funded and overcrowded; wealthy can go to high quality private schools

answer

common themes in developing countries

question

key influence on academic performance

answer

country's level of economic development

question

less attachment to teachers and to the school as a whole; more diverse range of classes

answer

larger schools

question

less diversity in extracurricular activities, but students are more likely to participate; more likely to be placed in positions of leadership and responsibility

answer

smaller schools

question

ideal school size for adolescents

answer

500-1000

question

different types of school lengths

answer

6-3-6, 5-3-4, 8-4

question

best plan for self-esteem and student engagement

answer

8-4

question

teachers' increased emphasis on control is mismatched with early adolescents' increased abilities and desires for autonomy

answer

undermines motivation and self esteem

question

country that is often at or near the top in international comparisons of academic achievement

answer

japan

question

more school days a year, focus on rote learning and memorization, cultural beliefs-all children are capable of learning, national system of entrance exams to high school and college, "cram schools" after school or private tutoring

answer

Japan Schools

question

believe that ability matters more

answer

americans

question

believe that success or failure in school depends on effort

answer

asian countries

question

supportive and involved with students; warm; apply firm discipline when necessary, clear communication, high expectations for students' conduct and academic performance

answer

effective teachers

question

higher attendance, higher achievement test scores, lower rates of behavior problems, lower rates of depression

answer

effective students

question

the quality of being psychologically committed to learning

answer

engagement

question

school climate, family environments, peer relations, work and leisure patterns, cultural beliefs

answer

why adolescents are disengaged

question

related to adolescent's engagement in school and school success

answer

parental involvement in adolescent's education

question

parenting style with highest levels of engagement in school and school success

answer

authoritative parenting

question

parenting style with worst outcome

answer

neglectful parenting

question

positively correlated with adolescents' grades and achievement test scores and the highest level of education ultimately attained

answer

family ses

question

how consistently adolescents attend class, how much time they spend on hw, how hard they try in school, grades

answer

how friends' influence can be greater than parents' influence in high school

question

lower grades, less time on hw, more cutting class, more cheating, less committed, lower educational aspirations

answer

beyond the 10 hours a week the more adolescents work,

question

unstructured socializing is _ related to academic performance

answer

negatively

question

highest levels of academic achievement of any ethnic group

answer

asian americans

question

academic performance hierarchy

answer

asians, whites, african americans, latinos

question

academic performance, social class, parental expectations, friends' attitudes toward education, perception of prejudice and discrimination

answer

ethnic differences in high school

question

girls get higher grades, girls less likely to have learning disabilities, be held back a grade, drop out; girls more likely to attend college and graduate, girls tend to enjoy school environment more

answer

gender differences in high school

question

most common learning disability

answer

reading disorder

question

three diagnoses for learning disabilities

answer

reading, mathematics, disorder of written expression

question

boys twice as likely, african americans and latinos more likely, high risk for dropping out

answer

learning disabilities

question

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, restlessness, distractibility, boys are 4 times more likely to be diagnosed

answer

ADHD

question

partly inherited, environmental factors: prenatal period through childhood

answer

causes of adhd

question

adhd treatment

answer

combination of medication and behavioral therapy

question

upper/college-prep; general-average students; remedial/special education

answer

tracking system

question

all students are engaged in school work that is best suited to their varying levels of ability and achievement

answer

advocates of tracking

question

students in lower tracks get a second-rate education and continue to fall further behind

answer

critics of tracking

question

in 2010, only _ percent of young americans had no obtained a high school diploma or GED by the age of 24

answer

8

question

in all ethnic groups, except asians, _ are more likely that _ ato dropout

answer

males, females

question

history of school difficulties, dislikes school, aggressive personalities, learning disabilities, parents, substance use and psychological problems, unemployment

answer

what leads to dropouts

question

_ percent of recent high school graduates enter college

answer

70

question

_ percent of asian americans enter college

answer

90

question

_ percent of whites enter college

answer

71

question

_ percent of blacks and latinos enter college

answer

60%

question

nearly _ of students who enroll in a 4 year university drop out before getting a degree

answer

half

question

years to get a 4 year degree on average

answer

5-6

question

females are _ times as likely to major in education

answer

4

question

females are _ times as likely to major in psychology

answer

3

question

_ are more likely to major in computer science and engineering

answer

males

question

current undergrad female population

answer

58%

question

college subcultures

answer

collegiate, vocational, academic, rebel

question

dating, drinking, sports, campus fun

answer

collegiate

question

practical view of college; gain skills and degree; work 20-40 hours a week

answer

vocational

question

deeply engaged in ideas, but aggressively nonconformist

answer

rebel

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