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poor health is BEST described as a

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stressor

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Having to walk the dog several times a day when it is raining is an example of a

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stressor

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In the face of fear a person is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted view of the world. This person is showing which of the following fear responses?

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cognitive

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A student who turns pale and nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a _____ response to stress

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physical

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what do acute and post traumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders?

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they are triggered by traumatic events

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in response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the

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sympathetic nervous system

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imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy?

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parasynthetic nervous system

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which of the following accurately describes the sympathetic nervous system pathway of the stress response?

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the hypothalamus excited the sympathetic nervous system, which then excites body organs to release hormones that serve as neurotransmitters causing even more arousal.

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Which of the following accurately describes the hypothalamic-pituatray- adrenal pathway of the stress response?

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The hypothalamus stimulus the pituitary to produce a stress hormone that causes the adrenal gland to release corticosteroids.

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a teammate of a basketball team of a basketball player says," congratulations on those game winning free throws. weren't you bothered by the fans waving their arms behind the basket?" The basketball player replies Thanks i felt a littler nervous but to tell the truth.. I didn't even notice the fans. Most likely the player who made the foul shots has

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low situational and trait anxiety

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for me, crossing a bridge is terrifying. if you hardly notice crossing a bridge we differ in:

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physiological anxiety

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a person who witnessed a horrible accident and then became unusually anxious and depressed for three weeks is probably experiencing

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acute stress disorder

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a pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:

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acute stress disorder

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Dorian was only 10 miles away when mt. st. helens exploded with one of the largest blasts in history. there was ash and lava everywhere, and he was terrified and sure he was going to die. He was terrified to the core of his being. when rescue teams found him a week later he was cold hungry and scared. More than a year later he still has nightmares and wakes up in a cold sweat. this description BEST fits a

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posttraumatic stress disorder

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Almost every night, Cara wakes up terrified and screaming for the boys to get off her. Two years later she still can't get the gang rape out of her mind. The fear, anxiety, and depression and ruining her life. This is an example of a

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posttraumatic stress reaction

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which of the following is the BEST example of "reduced responsiveness" as it relates to post traumatic stress disorder?

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feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities.

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Which of the following is typical of post traumatic stress disorder?

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increased arousal, anxiety and guilt

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A person with post traumatic stress disorder who is having flashbacks is

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reexperiencing the traumatic event

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a person with posttraumatic stress disorder who has symptoms of derealization is

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experiencing reduced responsivness

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people with low incomes are ____ as likely as people with higher incomes to experience one of these stress disorders.

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twice

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Those who are MOST likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are

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female or low income individuals

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Based on a recent research, it can be concluded that the impact of repeated combat deployments

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significantly increases one's risk of developing PTSD

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which of the following is the MOST common experience for a veteran of the Iraq/Afganistan war

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seeing friends seriously wounded or killed

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which of the following statements about rape is most accurate?

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most rape victims are young

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which of the following statements about the long term effects of rape on women is most accurate?

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rape impacts a womans psychological well being but not her physical well being.

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surveys suggest that about what percent of female rape victims in the united states are teenagers or younger?

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over 70 percent

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those MOST likely to experience substantial stress symptoms after the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001

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lived near new york city

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a torture victim who is subjected to threats of death, mock executions, and degradation is experiencing what type of torture?

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psychological

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current research suggests that those who experience severe stress

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have abnormal levels of norepinephrine and cortisol following trauma

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according to DSM 5, the most common diagnosis for those receiving outpatient therapy is

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adjustment disorder

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someone you know has just been diagnosed with an adjustment disorder. you can be reasonably sure that this persons disorder is

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not normal, but less severe than acute distress disorder or post traumatic stress disorder

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based on current research, what is the BEST conclusion about the cause of acute and post traumatic stress disorders? is nature or nuture more responsible for these disorders?

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its probably an interaction. Both nature and nuture are important

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those people MOST likely to develop stress disorders are:

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anxious, and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them

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research suggests that which of the following people would be most likely not to develop a stress disorder following trauma?

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someone who believes that events are generally under his or her control

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Kelly was in a passenger plane.....etc.

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the severity of the trauma

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a friend says to you i know someone who was diagnosed with PTSD. do you think therapy will help this person? which of the following is the best answer.

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"probably- about two thirds of those receiving therapy for PTSD eventually show improvement"

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a combat veteran undergoing " eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" is experiencing

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exposure therapy

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"the therapist wants me to imagine scenes where I as in combat and imagine them like i was there. i don't want to do that! how can this possibly help me?" which of the following is the best answer you can give to a combat veteran who says this??

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"your therapist is suggesting an effective form of exposure called "flooding"

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Ideally, critical incident stress debriefing occurs:

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immediately, and is short term

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If someone asked you about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing following a disaster, you would be most correct (based on the research) in saying that

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there is little evidence that debriefing works

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Disorders that are thought to have both biological and psychosocial causes are

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psychological disorders affecting medical conditions

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if a physician believes that a patients disorder is due to hidden needs, repression, or reinforcement, then the patient may receive diagnosis of

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factitious disorder

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An example of evidence for psychophysiological disorders is that

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ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and cronic headaches probably have physical and psychological causes

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If you are similar to most other people , which of the following are you MOST likely to do to relieve stress?

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watch TV, read or listen to music

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the MOST common of the following psychophysiological disorders is

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hypertension

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about what portion of the US population experiences insomnia in a given year?

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1/4

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If your parent has just been diagnosed with essential hypertension, you know that the physician thinks your parents hypertension

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has both physical and psychological causes

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obesity and lack of exercise have been linked MOST closely to which of the following psychophysiological disorders?

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coronary heart disease

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a friend of yours has just been diagnosed with a dyssomnia. your friends particular diagnosis could be any of the following EXCEPT

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nightmare disorder

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Narcolepsy is a :

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biological disorder often triggered by strong emotions

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A person who has difficulty expressing unpleasant emotions such as anger or hostility is displaying a ______ and is at greater risk for heart disease/ asthma

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repressive coping style

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which of the following aspects of TYPE A personality make a person MOST vulnerable to heart disease?

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Hostility and time urgency

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Hypertension is more common among African Americans than among white americans. Psychosocial stressors that can explain this difference include all of the following except

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evolutionary factors, making African Americans more susceptible to hypertension.

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Compared to white Americans and African Americans Hispanic Americans have

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lower rates of high blood pressure and lower rates of high cholesterol

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If someone were to correlate scores on the social Readjustment Rating Scale with the numbers of physical (health) complaints. one would most likely find

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a significant positive correlation

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Research using the social readjustment rating scale indicates that

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the greater the life stress, the greater chance of illness

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if you were working in a field of psychoneuroimmunology you would be studying

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the links between stress and illness

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which of the following people is experiencing the MOST stress measured by the social readjustment rating scale

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one whose spouse has just died

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the generic term for the white blood cells that react to foreign invaders in the body is

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lymphocytes

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the white blood cells that destroy infected body cells are called

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natural killer T cells

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The effect of norepinephrine and corticosteroids on a body experiencing stress is

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initially to stimulate the immune system then to inhibit it

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a friend says, " i feel like I'm stressed out and sick all the time. What kind of person is least likely to have an immune system messed up like mine?" Your BEST answer is:

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" an optimist who is highly spiritual"

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Which of the following is BEST supported by current research?

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social support seems to aid recovery in cancer patients

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Relaxation training, biofeedback, meditation, and hypnosis all illustrate the use of

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psychological treatments for physical illnesses

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a patient who treats severe pain by meditating, paying attention to her thoughts and sensations but remaining nonjudgmental is engaging in

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mindfulness meditation

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people who are coping with severe pain by telling themselves that they can get though it by focusing on the end of the pain, and by remembering that they have gotten thought it before, are MOST likely to have received which of the following therapies?

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cognitive intervention

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a friend says. i am going to get some therapy to reduce my headaches what do you suggest? based on current research on the effectiveness of treatments for stress related physical disorders your BEST answer would be

answer

" a combination of psychotherapy and drug therapy works better than any therapy by itself"

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