American History Semester 2 Exam Review Part II – Flashcards
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Homefront
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The places where civilians are active when their country is at war.
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Atomic Bomb
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A nuclear weapon in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission (splitting the nuclei of a heavy element like uranium 235 or plutonium 239).
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Cash and Carry
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Policy adopted by the US in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.
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Appeasement
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The idea that Britain could pacify Germany and make sure there was no war at any cost.
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Pearl Harbor
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US military base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941.
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Vietnam War
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A prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the US.
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Nixon Foreign Policy
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Vietnamization, plan to strenghten the South Vietnamese army while gradually withdrawing troops.
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NATO
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An international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security.
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Bay of Pigs Invasion
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Failed invasion of Cuba planned by the US government.
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38th Parallel
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Line of latitude that separated North and South Korea.
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General MacArthur
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Commander of the US forces in the Philippine Islands who directed the Allied occupation of Japan.
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Limited War
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A war whose objective is less than the unconditional defeat of the enemy.
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President Nixon
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Vice President under Eisenhower and 37th President of the US.
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Civil Rights Movement
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Movement in the United States beginning in the 1960s and led primarily by Blacks in an effort to establish the civil rights of individual Black citizens.
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"Separate But Equal"
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Principle upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) in which the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public facilities was legal.
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
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Protest in 1955-1956 by African Americans against racial segregation in bus system of Montgomery, Alabama.
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Thurgood Marshall
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American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.
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Martin Luther King, Jr.
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African American civil rights leader.
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Rosa Parks
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US civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born in 1913).
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Malcom X
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An african-american man who converted to a Black Muslim while in prison. At first urged Blacks to seize their freedom by any means necessary, but later changed position and advocated racial harmony.
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Selma-Bloody Sunday
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March 7, 1965. Marchers were chased down and brutally beaten by police on horseback.
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Anti-War Movement
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Many people began protesting the war through organizations or movements. Also, people led marches, riots, and protests.
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Cesar Chavez
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United States labor leader who organized farm workers (born 1927).
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Betty Friedan
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United States feminist who founded a national organization for women (born in 1921).
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Gulf Wars
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Final conflict, which was initiated with United Nations authorization, by a coalition force from 34 nations against Iraq, with the expressed purpose of expelling Iraqi forces from Kuwait after its invasion and annexation on 2 August 1990.
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Reganomics
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Supply side economics used by the Reagan administration. It concluded that tax cuts and de-regulation on top producers would spur economic growth.
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Roe v. Wade
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(1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy.
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Social Security
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Social welfare program in the U.S.
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Immigration
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Migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there).
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Health Care
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The preservation of mental and physical health by preventing or treating illness through services offered by the health professionals.
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Global Economy
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Economic activity that crosses national borders.
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Globalization
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Growth to a global or worldwide scale.
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Terrorism
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The calculated use of violence (or threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature.
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9/11
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A series of coordinated suicide attacks by al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001.
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Patriot Act
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This law passed after 9/11 expanded the tools used to fight terrorism and improved communication between law enforcement and intelligence agencies.
