Anth-1510 Chapter 15
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What makes possible an Indian cosmopolitanism that, according to Arjun Appadurai, has been effective in preventing religious strife in India in the past?
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An indigenized and domesticated Indian secularism
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The reshaping of local conditions by powerful worldwide forces on an ever-intensifying scale is the concept of
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Globalization
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Stratified reproduction refers to
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A global process in which some categories of people are empowered reproduce while others are not
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Arguments that pit human rights against culture depend on the assumption that
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-Cultures are homogeneous -Cultures are unchanging -Each society has one culture that its members have to follow
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Which of the following is a social arrangement where globalization is seen?
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-Immigration -Tourism -Transnational corporations
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In both Hawaii and New Zealand, programs to control violence against women that were imported from the United States
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Were modified in each place to take account of local problems and practices
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Why are many anthropologists convinced that cultural imperialism is NOT an adequate explanation for the spread of Western cultural forms?
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-Cultural imperialism denies agency to non-Western people. -Cultural imperialism assumes that non-Western cultural forms never move to the West. -Cultural imperialism ignores the evidence that sometimes the West is bypassed as cultural forms move from one part of the non-Western world to other parts
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Many contemporary anthropologists call the contemporary process of intensified globalized cultural exchange
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Hybridity
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Which of the following are key features of the human rights worldview?
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-It focuses on the rights of individuals. - It proposes to relieve human suffering through mechanical rather than ethical solutions. -It emphasizes rights over duties.
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A group made up of citizens of a country who continue to live in their homeland plus the people who have emigrated from the country and their descendants, regardless of their current citizenship make up a
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Transborder citizenry
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For some people, blue jeans, McDonald's hamburgers, rock and roll, and Coca-Cola are seen destroying local practices. They call this process
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Cultural imperialism
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If people are believed to have no choice but to follow the rules of the culture into which they were born, then
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-International interference with customs that violate international human rights violate the right of members of the group to practice their own customs -They should be protected from interference by outsiders who do not share their cultural beliefs and practices
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A strong defense of distinctive \"cultural values\" against the discourse of human rights may under some conditions be
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-political tactic to resist international criticism of internal repression - An inconsistent approach to elements of westernization -A way of using \"culture\" as a scapegoat for the unwillingness of a government to extend rights for non-cultural reasons
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Among the consequences of space-time compression is
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-Making it easier to move people and things around the world -Stretching social relationships over huge distances -The capacity to reach any part of the world
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Open-ended negotiation across cultural and political divides can lead to cosmopolitan cultural practices but also to polarization, and tends to be full of conflict and contradiction. Anthropologist Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing refers to this phenomenon as
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Friction
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Members of a diaspora organized in support of nationalist struggles in their homeland or to agitate for a state of their own are known as
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Long-distance nationalists
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According to Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing, which of the following statements does NOT describe how the Indonesian rainforest had to be transformed before lumber interests could begin to cut it down?
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Local forest dwellers had to be physically removed from wooded areas to give loggers access.
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A form of state in which it is claimed that those people who left the country and their descendants remain part of their ancestral state, even if they are citizens of another state is said to be a
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Transborder state
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Powers, privileges, or material resources to which people everywhere, by virtue of being human, are justly entitled are called
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Human rights.
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A characteristic of Western modernity has been
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Massive global displacements of people
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According to Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing, which of the following statements about how a strong Indonesian environmental movement came into existence is true?
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he Indonesian environmental movement was an amalgam of odd parts: engineers, nature lovers, reformers, and technocrats.
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Anthropological studies of social, political, and economic change provide considerable evidence that
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Human beings actively and resiliently respond to life's challenges
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Many anthropologists observe that cultural borrowing is often a double-edged process because
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Borrowed cultural practices can have unanticipated consequences
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_______ is being at ease in more than one cultural setting.
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Cosmopolitanism
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When people live permanently in a setting in which they are surrounded by people with cultural backgrounds different from their own and are struggling to define with them the degree to which the cultural beliefs and practices should or should not be accorded respect and recognition, they are said to live in a
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Multicultural society
