psyc 333 ch 9 practice q’s

Traditional learning theorists emphasize the importance of _____ on children's development. - cognitive factors -internal forces -subjective experience -external factors

The parents of 2-year-old Joshua are frustrated with his screaming when he wants something. Which scenario is an example of intermittent reinforcement? -His parents always give Joshua what he wants whether or not he screams. -His parents always give Joshua what he wants only when he screams. -Sometimes his parents give Joshua what he wants when he screams, and sometimes they refuse to give him what he wants when he screams. -His parents never give Joshua what he wants when he screams.

Social learning theory emphasizes the importance of _____ as a mechanism of development. -imitation -punishment -contexts -reinforcement

Bandura's theory did all of the following EXCEPT: - emphasize the role of cognitive aspects of learning. -hold that direct reinforcement is required for learning. -focus on the role of observations of others. -acknowledge the active role children play in their own development.

_____ theories are primarily concerned with children's ability to think and reason about their own and other people's thoughts, feelings, motives, and behavior. - Social learning - Ecological - Psychoanalytic -Social cognitive

Children who demonstrate a mastery orientation in response to failure: -tend to focus on their own evaluations of themselves rather than others' evaluations of them. -believe that intelligence is a fixed trait. -believe that they are smart in nearly all contexts. -give up when they experience failure.

A person who believes that intelligence can grow as a function of experience is considered by Dweck and her colleagues to have a(n) _____ theory of intelligence. -learning -entity -incremental -mastery

A person who believes that intelligence is fixed is considered by Dweck and her colleagues to have a(n) _____ theory of intelligence. -learning -entity -incremental -mastery

According to the text, which type of praise or criticism would be MOST likely to be associated with children developing an incremental/mastery orientation in response to failure? -\"I think you need to try harder.\" -\"You're very smart at these problems.\" -\"You just can't do math.\" -\"I'm proud of you.\"

In a study that examined the amount of time male and female newborns looked at human faces and at mobiles, results demonstrated that: -both male and female infants primarily looked at mobiles. -both male and female infants primarily looked at faces. -male infants looked longer at mobiles and female infants looked longer at faces. -female infants looked longer at mobiles and male infants looked longer at faces.

Ethological theorists hypothesize that the play preferences of males and females are due to: -parents' encouragement. -evolved predispositions. -imprinting. -the desire to be like others of the same sex.

According to evolutionary psychologists, all of these situations are associated with the large size of the human brain (relative to body size) in comparison with other species EXCEPT: -birth occurring at a more mature stage of development. -increased social complexity. -prolonged period of immaturity and dependence. -high level of neural plasticity.

The macrosystem involves the: -settings in which the child is not a direct participant. -temporal dimension. -general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. -activities, roles, and relationships in which the child directly participates.

_____ is part of the macrosystem. -The societal belief that men should be breadwinners -A father's job loss -The societal shift in the employment status of women over the past decade -A mother's practice of taking her daughter to work on Take Your Daughter to Work Day

_____ is part of the chronosystem. - The societal belief that men should be breadwinners -A father's job loss -The societal shift in the employment status of women over the past decade -A mother's practice of taking her daughter to work on Take Your Daughter to Work Day

The mesosystem involves the: - settings in which the child is not a direct participant. -general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. -activities, roles, and relationships in which the child directly participates. -connections among the contexts in which the child directly participates.

The exosystem involves the: -settings in which the child is not a direct participant. -temporal dimension. -general beliefs, values, customs, and laws of the larger society. -connections among the contexts in which the child directly participates.

The age of the child is part of the _____ of the bioecological model. -mesosystem -microsystem -chronosystem -macrosystem

Which factor associated with child maltreatment is within the child's exosystem? -poor parental self-esteem -difficult temperament -parental drug dependence -unemployment

The program implemented by Bugental in an experimental effort to prevent child maltreatment focused particularly on the: -mesosystem. -microsystem. -exosystem. -chronosystem.

Media is located in which bioecological level? -exosystem -macrosystem -microsystem -mesosystem

Which is NOT a characteristic of children who use media screens heavily? -more advanced social skills -poorer grades -higher levels of obesity -lower arousal levels when viewing violence

_____ is an example of a weapon against the negative effects of media on children that occurs at the macrosystem level. -Parental control of children's access -Community center programs aimed at children -School-based programs to educate children about the effects of media -Regulation of advertising

_____ is an example of an aspect of SES that occurs at the level of the exosystem. -Government policies -Employment status of parents -Neighborhood -Changes in types of jobs over time

Which of these is NOT associated with growing up in an affluent family in comparison to growing up in a middle-class family? -increased substance abuse -increased anxiety -decreased feelings of maternal closeness -increased happiness