Study guide for the blood vessels and blood circulation
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What are the names of the vessels that carry blood away from the heart?
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Arteries
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How are arteries constructed?
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3 layers (tunics) Innermost, middle, outer
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What are the names of the 3 layer?
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1. Innermost 2. Middle 3. Outer
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What type of tissues is located between the arterial wall layers?
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elastic tissue
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What are capillaries?
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Microscopic vessels through which exchange takes place between the blood and the tissues
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What is the function of the capillaries?
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Exchange are between the body and blood cells and the blood and air in lungs tissues. Connect the arterioles and the venules.
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What is the main method of the exchange of material in the capillaries?
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exchange between systems/ blood and body cell, air in lung tissue and blood
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What are arterioles?
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Small arteries
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What are veins?
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Carry blood towards heart
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What are venules?
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Small veins
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What is the pulmonary circuit?
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Carry blood towards heart
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What is systemic circuit?
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Carries blood to and from rest of body.
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How thick are capillary walls?
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One cell layer thick
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Why do that walls have to be only one cell layer thick?
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allow for exchange between blood and body cells and lung tissue and outside air
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How many layers do the walls of veins have?
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3; same as arteries
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How do veins differ from arteries?
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veins walls are thinner than arteries
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What mechanism helps the blood flow forward towards the heart?
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valves
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What are venous sinuses?
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Large channels that drain deoxygenated blood
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Give an example of venous sinuses?
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coronary venous sinuses
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What us the hepatic portal system?
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portal system carries blood from abdominal organs to the liver
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What are the small sinus- like vessels in the portal system called?
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superior and inferior mesenteric, splenic vein, gastric and pancreatic
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What is a pulse?
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Wave of increased pressure in the vessels produced by contraction of the heart.
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What artery do all arteries arise from (either directly or indirectly)
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.
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What is the name of the longest vein?
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saphenous vein
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Where does the sphenoid vein start and end?
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foot, then medial side of leg then knee then thigh
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What arteries supply the arm with blood?
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subclavian artery
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Shock resulting from a sever allergic reaction is?
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anaphylatic
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What type of hypertension does an excess of the enzyme renin cause?
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essential hypertension
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What is called the beginning of the systemic arterial system?
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aorta
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What causes blood pressure?
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cardiac output and peripheral resistance
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What are the major veins if the hepatic portal system?
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superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
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How would you figure out a patents cardiac output?
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HR x SV = CO
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What is an anastomosis?
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Communication between 2 vessels (blood vessels)
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What is the name is the of the thoroughfare or blood shunt that by passes capillaries in the ear, hands and feet to provide more rapid blood flow?
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.
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What are there only arteriovenous anastomosis in the ears hands and feet?
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.
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What are the names of the anastomosis located under the center of the brain formed by several arteries?
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...
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What does the gastric veins do?
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.
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What does the gastric artery do?
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.
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Where is the femoral vein located?
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thigh
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What is vasodilation?
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Increase in diameter of blood vessels
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What is vasoconstriction?
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Decrease in diameter of blood vessels.
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What does vasoconstriction cause?
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low blood pressure
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What do the superior and inferior vena cabs empty into?
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super - upper part of the body Inferior- lower part of the body
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the right subclavian and the right common carotid arteries branch off of what artery?
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brachiocephalic artery
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Where does the coronary artery emerge?
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ascending aorta
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Trace of blood flow from the upper arm:
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.
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Which artery branches off the aorta, supplies the arm and the head on the left side and is unpaired?
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left common carotic and left subclavian artery
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What is the term for the relaxation stage of cardiac muscle?
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diastolic
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A decrease in the amount of circulating blood, as in Hemorrhage, is called?
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shock
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What is septic shock?
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due to overwhelming ( bacterial) infection
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Do all arteries carry oxygenated blood?
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no
