question

The human Y chromosome can be used to provide data about recent human evolution because __________.

answer

the Y chromosome passes essentially intact from father to son

question

DNA testing (profiling) has been used to determine guilt or innocence of suspected crime suspects. This works because __________.

answer

every person has a unique DNA sequence

question

What is recombinant DNA technology?

answer

combining genes from different species

question

Among other uses, recombinant DNA technology has provided a mechanism for nonhuman cells to produce _____.

answer

human proteins

question

Human insulin is produced in large quantities by __________.

answer

recombinant E. coli bacteria grown in large fermentation vats

question

When plasmids, which are small, circular, bacterial, DNA molecules, are used to transfer foreign DNA to other cells, the plasmid is called a _____.

answer

Vector

question

The term \"restriction fragments\" refers to __________.

answer

pieces of DNA that have been cut into different lengths

question

Which enzyme \"pastes\" DNA fragments together?

answer

DNA ligase

question

In recombinant DNA experiments, _____ is used to cut pieces of DNA and _____ joins the resulting fragments to form recombinant DNA.

answer

a restriction enzyme ... DNA ligase

question

A genomic library is __________.

answer

a collection of cloned DNA pieces from a genome

question

In which of the following ways are sticky ends and nucleic acid probes alike?

answer

They both undergo complementary base pairing.

question

A nucleic acid probe can be used to __________.

answer

find a particular nucleotide sequence within a large segment of DNA

question

Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA?

answer

DNA that includes pieces from two different sources

question

Which of these is a genetically modified organism?

answer

an organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means

question

Which of the following best defines the term transgenic organism?

answer

an organism containing a gene from another species

question

The world's first genetically engineered pharmaceutical product was ______.

answer

Humulin

question

A vaccine works by ______.

answer

stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses

question

Transgenic animals are currently used ______.

answer

to produce potentially useful proteins

question

Which of these can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?

answer

Plasmids

question

Of these steps, which occurs first in the production of a recombinant plasmid?

answer

isolation of a plasmid from a bacterium

question

Of these steps, which one occurs earliest in the process of producing recombinant DNA?

answer

The same restriction enzyme is used to isolate the gene of interest and to cut the plasmid DNA.

question

When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, the ______.

answer

desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is taken up by the bacterium

question

The process of making multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a host genome and culturing the host is an example of ______.

answer

gene cloning

question

A collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes an organism's entire genome is called a ______.

answer

genomic library

question

Nucleic acid probes are used to ______.

answer

find a specific nucleotide sequence

question

Restriction enzymes are obtained from ______.

answer

Bacteria

question

\"Sticky ends\" are produced as a result of the action of ______.

answer

a restriction enzyme

question

\"Sticky ends\" are ______.

answer

single-stranded ends of fragments of double-stranded DNA

question

A DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads -ATTCG will bind with another DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads ______.

answer

TAAGC

question

Which enzyme is used to bind DNA fragments together?

answer

DNA ligase

question

Of the following, which is the last step in the production of a recombinant DNA plasmid?

answer

using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments

question

How do forensics investigators use DNA fingerprinting to link a particular suspect to a particular crime scene?

answer

Forensic investigators compare genetic markers in DNA taken from suspects to genetic markers in DNA from crime scene samples

question

Can DNA fingerprinting be used to study evolutionary connections?

answer

Yes, patterns in the occurrence of specific genetic markers can reveal evolutionary relationships between populations

question

You are attempting to link an individual to a crime. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this drop of blood to make the association?

answer

You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment analysis

question

What name is given to a region of DNA that varies from person to person?

answer

genetic marker

question

Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by ______.

answer

gel electrophoresis

question

To make restriction fragments, a DNA sample is treated with ______.

answer

restriction enzymes

question

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ______.

answer

Length

question

STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use of the fact that different people have

answer

different numbers of repeats of short DNA sequences at certain sites in the genome.

question

Archaeologists unearthed a human skull with a small dried fragment of the scalp still attached. They extracted a tiny amount of DNA from the scalp tissue. How could they obtain sufficient DNA for an analysis of the ancient human's genes?

answer

Use the polymerase chain reaction

question

Which of the following was the first eukaryote to have its full DNA sequence determined?

answer

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

question

The main goal of the Human Genome Project (HGP) was to __________.

answer

determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome and map all the human genes

question

The ability to sequence DNA has led to a new field called comparative genetics, which is __________.

answer

the comparison of whole genomes

question

One thing that the Human Variome Project seeks to accomplish is __________.

answer

collecting information on all of the genetic variations that affect human health

question

what way is genomics just beginning to provide information for treatment for a potential wide variety of diseases based on the genetic makeup of each patient?

answer

In a few cases, such as some specific kinds of breast cancer, genomics has allowed doctors and patients to specifically target drugs that are effective for their particular genetic variant of a disease.

question

The scientific field that studies complete sets of genes is called ______.

answer

Genomics

question

The human genome contains approximately ______ genes.

answer

21,000

question

Approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of noncoding DNA?

answer

98%

question

The Human Genome Project has the potential to ______.

answer

play a role in all of the choices listed here

question

Which of these statements can be logically inferred from the amount of DNA shared by chimpanzees and humans?

answer

Humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor

question

To find the nucleotide sequence of human chromosomes, chromosomes had to be digested into small fragments and then ______.

answer

cloned and sequenced

question

What technique is most commonly used to sequence entire genomes?

answer

the whole-genome shotgun method

question

The study of the full protein sets that genomes encode is _____.

answer

Proteomics

question

The systematic study of the full protein sets that genomes encode is called _____.

answer

Proteomics

question

An example of a successful gene therapy approach to treating human disease is seen in a procedure __________.

answer

using gene therapy to treat severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

question

In human gene therapy

answer

normal versions of genes are transferred to patients who carry a mutated allele.

question

The state of human gene therapy today is that

answer

there have been a small number of successes, including with the disease SCID.

question

To date, the \"easy\" part of gene therapy has been __________.

answer

isolating and cloning the normal gene

question

Because there are potential risks associated with the use of biotechnology in agriculture, __________.

answer

potential risks associated with biotechnology are evaluated by a variety of U.S. regulatory agencies

question

One of the most difficult ethical issues related to DNA technology is the question __________.

answer

How do we prevent genetic information from being used in a discriminatory manner?\"

question

Genetically modifying human ______ cells may directly affect future generations.

answer

Gametic

question

Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include ______.

answer

all of the above

question

The possibility that Mongolian ruler Genghis Khan spread an unusual chromosome to nearly 16 million men living today resulted from studies of _____.

answer

the Y chromosome

question

The diagram below summarizes _____.

answer

human gene therapy

question

PIC-The following figure provides you with an overview of recombinant technology. The end result is a transgenic bacterium with a human gene that codes for marketable quantities of a human gene product. However, molecular biologists frequently have problems with the product. One problem might be ______.

answer

production of a human protein that is unable to function properly

question

The following figure shows that gel electrophoresis can be used to separate repetitive DNA sequences. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments because ______.

answer

the DNA fragments have different lengths

question

Molecular biologists have perfected DNA fingerprinting so that it is possible to use the technique to provide evidence to solve crimes and even identify a child's parents. Recently, a U.S. immigrant asked the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services for permission to have her young daughter who was living with grandparents in their homeland join her.Her request was denied because there was an apparent mix-up with the child's birth certificate and it could not be used as proof of maternity. Proof is required in cases such as this. The mother requested DNA fingerprinting to make her case. Samples of DNA were taken from the mother (Mom) and daughter (D1) as well as from another daughter (D2) and a son (S) living in the United States with her. Tandem repeat analysis was run on the four samples, and the results are shown here. The results indicate that ______.

answer

she is the mother of daughter D1

question

Molecular biologists have perfected DNA fingerprinting so that it is possible to use the technique to provide evidence to solve crimes and even identify a child's parents. Recently, a U.S. immigrant asked the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services for permission to have her young daughter who was living with grandparents in their homeland join her.Her request was denied because there was an apparent mix-up with the child's birth certificate and it could not be used as proof of maternity. Proof is required in cases such as this. The mother requested DNA fingerprinting to make her case. Samples of DNA were taken from the mother (Mom) and daughter (D1) as well as from another daughter (D2) and a son (S) living in the United States with her. Tandem repeat analysis was run on the four samples, and the results are shown here You can use this DNA fingerprinting information to make a judgment about maternity because ______.

answer

of the position of the bands in the gel

question

The short tandem repeat analysis ______.

answer

compares repetitive DNA sequences from different individuals

question

In the future, scientists hope to be able to compare whole genomes of individuals, a new field called __________

answer

comparative genomics

question

Which of the following best defines the term transgenic animal?

answer

an animal containing a gene from a third \"parent\" maybe another species

Ch 12 practice test

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards