Chapter 12 Reading Questions – Flashcards
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Genetic change in a population through multiple generations defines which of the following?
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Evolution
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The scientist who published "On the Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection" in 1859 was?
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Charles Darwin
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A gradual change from an ancestral type was referred to by Darwin as?
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descent with modification
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According to Darwin, natural selection usually
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preserves favorable variations and rejects harmful variations in a population.
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The relatively short-term changes in allele frequencies within a species or population is
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microevolution
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The entire collection of genes and their alleles is a population's
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gene pool
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The mode of natural selection in which one extreme phenotype is fittest and the environment selects against the others is
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directional selection
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The three types of natural selection are
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directional selection, disruptive selection, and stabilizing selection
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Darwin made which observation while on his four-year voyage on the HMS Beagle?
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Organisms are varied and some variations are inherited.
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Darwin obtained which of the following in the "Essay on the Principle of Population" by Malthus?
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More individuals of a population are born than survive to produce.
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If an environment changes rapidly, organisms with ______ will be more likely to survive and reproduce.
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existing beneficial mutations
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The founder effect
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occurs when small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements mating only among themselves.
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The bottleneck effect
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occurs when many members of the population die, resulting in a great loss of genetic diversity.
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The mode of natural selection in which two or more extreme phenotypes are fitter than the intermediate phenotype is
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disruptive selection
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The mode of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are less fit than the optimal intermediate phenotype is
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stabilizing selection
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Farmers and horticulturalists bred broccoli, cauliflower, kale, and cabbage from the wild mustard plant through ______.
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artificial selection
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Darwin concluded from his observations of nature and readings that
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individuals compete with one another for limited resources and only the fittest reproduce.
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A male peacock has enormous tail feathers that it uses in mating displays to attract females. While the tail of feathers are an advantage in mating, what is the potential disadvantage of these feathers to the male?
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The feathers require a lot of energy to produce.
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Sexually dimorphic features do not include
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intelligence
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Which of the following does NOT lead to natural selection?
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adjustments an individual makes during its lifetime
