The 29 Spalding Rules – Flashcards
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Rule 1
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q is always followed by u and together say /kw/. 'qu' is a consonant.
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Rule 2
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c before e, i, or y says /s/ (cent, city) but followed by any other letter says /k/ (clock, cat)
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Rule 3
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g before e, i, or y usually says /j/ (page) but followed by any other letter says g (glove, gate)
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Rule 4
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Vowels a, e, o, and u usually say their names (long sound) at the end of a syllable (na vy, mu sic)
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Rule 5
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i and y usually say the name i (long i) at the end of a syllable, but not always. (hi, cy cle but u ni ver si ty)
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Rule 6
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y not i is used at the end of English words (rain, ray)
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Rule 7
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There are five kinds of silent e's
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Rule 8
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'or' may say 'er' after 'w' (work, worry, worst)
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Rule 9
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use ei after c If the sound is long a, use ei (neighbor). There are some exceptions to this. It is a short list of words.
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Rule 10
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• sh may be used at the beginning or end of a base word (ship, wish). • sh can be used at the end of a syllable (fin ish). • sh cannot be used at the beginning of a syllable in the middle of a word. (only 1 excepton: wor ship)
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Rule 11
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Words ending with a silent final e are written without the e when adding a vowel ending
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Rule 12
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...
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Rule 13
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The phonogram sh is used at the beginning or end of a base word at the end of the syllable but never at the beginning of a syllable after the first one except for the ending ship
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Rule 14
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The phonograms ti, si, ci, are used to say sh
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Rule 15
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si is used to say sh when the syllable before it ends in an s (ses sion) or when the base word has an s where the base word changes
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Rule 16
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si may also say zh, as in vi sion
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Rule 17
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Often double l, f, and s following a single vowel at the end of a one-syllable word (will)
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Rule 18
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Use ay to say a at the end of a base word
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Rule 19
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Vowels i and o may say i and o if followed by two consonants (find, old)
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Rule 20
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s almost never follows x
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Rule 21
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All, written alone, has two l's, but with another syllable, only one l is written (al so, al most)
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Rule 22
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till and full have one l (same as 21)
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Rule 23
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dge may be used ONLY after a single vowel that says â,ê, î, ô, or û (badge, edge)
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Rule 24
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adding a suffix to a word that ends with a consonant and y, use i instead of y unless the ending is ing
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Rule 25
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ck may be used only after a single vowel that says â,ê, î, ô, or û (duck, back)
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Rule 26
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26! 26! capitalize 26!
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Rule 27
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Words beginning with the sound z are always spelled with z, never s (zoo)
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Rule 28
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ed has 3 sounds and is used to form the past tens verbs
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Rule 29
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Words are usually divided between double consonants within a base word.
