Chapter 9 Study Guide Answers – Flashcards
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General Senses
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pain (nociceptors) - touch, pressure and position (mechanoreceptors) - Chemical stimuli (chemoreceptors) - temperature (thermoreceptors)
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Special Senses
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taste, smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium
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Sensation
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results from impulse interpretation in the cerebral cortex; how our brain interprets what is going on in and around you sensory neurons bring impulses to CNS
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Relationship between intensity and frequently of impulses
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sensation depends on the intensity of the stimulus
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Adaption
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Decline in the frequency of impulse formation due to repeated stimulation by the same stimulus Prevents overloading of the nervous system by unimportant stimuli Once adaptation occurs, a stronger stimulus is needed to gain a response
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Referred Pain
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Pain impulses originate from visceral organs but is felt in part of the body wall Pain is projected along common nerves used by neurons carrying impulses from both the body wall and visceral organs Important in diagnosing disorders
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Special Senses and Location
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Smell (olfactory organs - nose) Taste (gustatory receptors - tongue) Vision (Eye) Equilibrium and hearing (inner ear)
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Superior rectus
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Looks up- Oculomotor Nerve
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Inferior Rectus
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Looks down-Oculomotor Nerve
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Lateral rectus
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Eye rotates laterally- Abducen Nerve
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Medial Rectus
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Eye rotates medially-Oculomotor Neve
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Superior Oblique
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Eye rolls, looks down and to the side-Trochlear Nerve
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Inferior oblique
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Eye rolls, looks up and to the side-Oculomotor Nerve
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Fibrous Tunic
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(Outermost layer) 1. Cornea - clear outer coating 2. Sclera - white
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Vascular Tunic
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(Intermediate layer) 1. Iris - color 2. Ciliary Body - helps change the shape of the iris 3. Choroid - a layer
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Neural Tunic or Retina
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(Innermost layer) 1. Pigmented part 2. Neural Part - Contains photoreceptors a. Rods - dim light b. Cones - color - Contains Fovea (the highest concentration of cones (sharpest vision)) and macula
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Anterior Cavity
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Anterior cavity - before the lens - Contains aqueous humor (clear fluid) - Two compartments a) Anterior compartment - Between cornea and iris b) Posterior compartment - Between iris and len
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Posterior Cavity
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- Vitreous body (humor) - helps keep shape of eyeball
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Optic Disc
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the optic disk is where the optic nerve enters into the eye
