Communications Test Answers – Flashcards
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Communications has been a subject of systematic study for
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at least 2500 years
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in ancient Greece the study of communications was known as
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rhetoric
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logos is
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the use of logic and argumentation during persuasion
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the canons of rhetoric were
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one of the earliest models of communication
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the canons of rhetoric include
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invention, arrangement, style, memory, delivery
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when an audience is swayed not by the logic of a speakers message but by their high regard for a speakers character, they are being influenced by which method of proof?
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ethos
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Rhetoricians who took a psychological/ epistemological approach focused on
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understanding the thought process of receivers as they listened to persuasive messages
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during the contemporary period, communication scientist
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took an essentially humanistic stand toward communication
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the scientific method emphasizes which method of attaining knowledge
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careful objective measurement
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people who see definitions as constructions rather than discoveries believe
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several different definitions may be equally valid
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when people who study communication focus their attention on spoken symbolic interaction, their primary interest is in which of the following?
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they way people use words to create common meanning
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the three functions of models are
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explanation, prediction, control
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the psychological perspective
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focuses on individual communicators as they transit and receive messages
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a mental set consists of
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a persons beliefs, attitudes, values, and feelings
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according to laws of approach to research
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human behavior is governed by invariant cause and effect relationships; research should discover these relationships
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according to the social constructionist perspective we can improve communication by
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recognizing that we create reality by talking about it and should take responsibility for our talks
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people who take a pragmatic perspective to communication
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are interested in interaction rather than personality
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people who take cultural studies perspective to communication
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are interested in uncovering the hidden power relations that often exist in mediated text
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which of the following elements are part of social constructionist perspectives
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symbolic codes, cognitive customs, cultural traditions
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the story that opens chapter three ( the story about scientist attending a convention) illustrates that
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perception is a subjective process
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the gap between americans listening ability and their performance is due to
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all of the above
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when we translate the flickering lights and shadows we see in a tv shot as recognizable object, we are imposing
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structure
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a schema is
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an internal representation of an object, quality, or action
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person prototypes are:
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idealized representations of categories of people
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Sue has very strong ideas about what a professor should look like. she is surprised when she meets dr. smith, because smith doesn't look like a professor should. Smith violates one of sue's
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personal prototype
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which of the following statements is true about chronically accessible constructs
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when we say that a personal construct is chronically accessible, we mean it is a construct a person used frequently to judge a wide range of people
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mindless processing is
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information processing that relies heavily on familiar schemata
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when we say a construct is primed, we mean that
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because the construct has been mentioned recently, we are senitive to it
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which of the following should be AVOIDED if you want to improve listening
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none of the above
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which of the following is a characteristic of language
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all of the above are characteristics of language
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a symbol differs from other kinds of signs in that
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it is arbitrary and conventional
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linguistic relativity means that
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language determines thought
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when criminals use secret words so that police can't understand what they mean they are using
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argot
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the kind of linguistic knowledge that allows us to interpret others communication intent and to make socially acceptable language choices is
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pragmatic knowledge
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a speech act is
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the social intent of a speaker when he or she produces an utterance
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which of the following describes how classroom discourse differs from conversation?
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all of the above
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Ling belongs to a _____ culture therefore, it is not necessary to spell out messages explicitly and she seldom says things she believes listeners already know
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high-context
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which of the following statements is NOT true about nonverbal communication
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it consists of arbitrary and conventional signs
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which of the following statements is TRUE about nonverbal communication
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nonverbal messages can easily undermine and contradict what we really want to convey
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the kinesic code is made up of
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gesture and body movement
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_____ is the study of time
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chronemics
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the study of space and territory is called
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proxemics
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which of the following kinds of cues would be classes as paralanguage
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use of ums and ahs to fill puases
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the looking glass self is
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the self we infer from the appraisal of others
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the dialectic that focuses of how members of dyads adapt to change is the _____ dialectic
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novelty-predictability
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john threatens mary's _____ when he criticizes or disagrees with her
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positive face
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which of the following behaviors is dysfunctional
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use of a paradox
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when a receiver in a close relationship is simultaneously given two messages but is prohibited from resolving them it is called
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a double blind
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when in the ___ stage , a couple share attitudes and interest, synchronizes body rhythms and exchanges intimacy trophies
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integrating
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the voluntary revealing of information that would normally be unobtainable is called
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self-disclosure
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which is the best way to solve a problem that arises in an important, long term relationship
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problem- solving
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which of the following is not on the the things online impressions are based on
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nonverbal cues
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which is not one of the advantages of working in groups
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group think
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which is not true of groups ( as opposed to mere collections of people)?
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none, all are true about groups
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social loafing
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occurs when the members of a group fail to fulfill their work potential
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an idiosyncrasy credit is
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a kind of symbolic currency earned through conformity
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the output of the task dimension is
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productivity
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members of joeys group interact awkwardly. there are periods of silence, broken by ambiguous, tentative, and occasionally uncertain comments. the group is probably experiencing which stage
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forming phase
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which of the following behaviors should you avoid if you wan to establish a supportive climate
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neutrality
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which is true of nominal group technique
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it eliminates potential conflict
