US History Reconstruction Study Guide – Flashcards
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Reconstruction
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The process by which the states that had seceded were reorganized as part of the Union after the Civil War
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Freedmen's Bureau
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An agency of the War Department set up in 1865 to assist freed slaves in obtaining relief, land, jobs, fair treatment, and education
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Radical Republicans
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A faction of American politicians in the Republican Party that strongly opposed slavery during the war and after the war distrusted ex-Confederates, demanding harsh policies for the former rebels, and emphasizing civil rights and voting rights for freedmen
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Andrew Johnson
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The 17th President of the United States; came to office as the Civil War concluded
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Thirteenth Amendment
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"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Formally abolished slavery; part of the Reconstruction Amendments
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Fourteenth Amendment
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An amendment to the U.S. constitution, ratified in 1868, defining national citizenship and forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons; part of the Reconstruction Amendments
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Fifteenth Amendment
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Granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Part of the Reconstruction Amendments
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Scalawags
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A white Southerner working for or supporting the federal government during Reconstruction
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Black Codes
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Any code of law that defined and especially limited the rights of former slaves after the Civil War
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Carpetbaggers
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A Northerner in the South after the American Civil War usually seeking private gain under the reconstruction governments
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Hiram Revels
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First black senator
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Sharecropping
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A tenant farmer especially in the southern United States who is provided with credit for seed, tools, living quarters, and food, who works the land, and who receives an agreed share of the value of the crop minus charges
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Ku Klux Klan
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A secret society organized in the South after the Civil War to reassert white supremacy by means of terrorism
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Thaddeus Stevens
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Congressional leader during Reconstruction who battled for freedmen's rights and insisted on stern requirements for readmission of Southern states into the Union after the Civil War
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Charles Sumner
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U.S. Senator from who was active before and after the Civil War in the movement to abolish slavery and give equal rights to black Americans
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Southern Democrats
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Members of the U.S. Democratic Party who reside in the American South; included whites in the South who believed in Jacksonian democracy. Believed that slavery was a good thing and promoted its expansion to the West
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Dred Scott
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United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state
