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agreements with vendors regarding prices, surcharges, and discounts

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purchasing conditions

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1. quotations 2. info records 3. outline agreements (contracts & scheduling agreements) 4. purchase orders

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conditions are maintained while entering:

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1. conditions in a contract (apply to all contract release orders created with reference to the contract) 2. conditions in a purchasing info record (apply to all PO items that contain material and vendor in PIR) 3. general conditions (display price agreements that don't apply to individual quotations, outline agreements, PO's, and info records)

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What types of conditions are used in purchasing?

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conditions can be time independent or time dependent

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Time dependency of conditions

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only valid during a specific time period, and include conditions in info records, contracts, and general conditions

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Time dependent conditions

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time-independent

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Conditions in PO's are ___________________

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time independent OR time dependent. can use doc type to control this

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Quotations and scheduling agreements are _________________

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always time dependent

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contracts, info records, and general conditions are ____________

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price factors such as gross price, discounts, freight costs, customs, taxes ex of a condition type: ZA01, PB00, etc

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What do condition types map?

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how a price factor is calculated and define the reference magnitude for scales (unit of scale value refers to quantity, item value, or weight)

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Condition types determine_________

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1. absolute 2. percentage 3. quantity dependent

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Condition type categories

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a search strategy that the system uses to define the sequence in which condition records for a condition type are read can be assigned to condition type

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access sequence

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-group of condition types that play a role in price determination -provides framework for price determination by defining the sequence in which condition types are taken into account -can define diff calculation schemas, like for individual purch orgs and vendors

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calculation schema

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1. subtotals (no subtotals in time-dependent) 2. extent to which manual processing of price determination is possible 3. basis (reference level) on which the system calculates surcharges/discounts in percentages 4. prereqs that must be fulfilled so that a particular condition type is taken into consideration

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calculation schema determines:

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1. Enter an RFQ for the material or service to be procured. (manually, copied from another RFQ, or reference a purchase req or outline agreement) 2. Vendors send quotations or rejections. The vendor's price and and deliv date specs are entered directly into original RFQ in a transaction for quotation maintenance. Makes RFQ-->quotation 3. determine the most favorable items or quotation using a quotation comparison. can also save the conditions for the shortlisted quotations in a PIR.

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RFQ and Quotation process

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can link several RFQs that belong to a group using a collective number in header of RFQ. Alphanumeric up to 10 char.

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Collective Number

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-used to avoid making unnecessary master records -cannot save vendor specific data in the master record for one time vendors -use a one time account group -have to enter other info like address for PO or bank info for invoice manually -entered info is saved only in the relevant docs and not in the one time vendor master record

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One Time Vendor

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-enter and compare the info from multiple quotations simultaneously; displays best quotation for each material -save quotation data for a material in a PIR; can do this automatically by setting the Info update checkbox during quotation maintenance on Item Details screen

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Quotation Entry and price comparison list

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-RFQ -purchase req -contract item data and any existing header data is copied. can change most of it in the PO if necessary.

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Purchase orders with reference

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1. PO 2. Purch Reqs 3. RFQ's 4. Contracts

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In document overview, you can display these purchase docs:

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can: -display additional fields from column set or hide them -arrange the fields -create cross-user and user-specific layouts -define one of your layouts as a default setting using the manage layout function

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Layout in the document overview

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provides the option of storing vendor and material info as the master data at purch org and plant level

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purchasing info records

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1. current and future prices and conditions 2. delivery data (planned deliv time and over deliv/under deliv tolerances) 3. vendor data (such as contact person) and vendor specific data about the material 4. number of last PO 5. texts

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you can define this info in PIRs:

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1. info record memo internal comment that the system transfers to PO item. never printed on PO-- just a note for the purchaser. 2. PO text system uses this text to describe the PO item. system transfers it to PO item and prints it. can be in addition to or instead of text in material master.

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text types that are stored in PIR

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1. general (valid for a single client) and purchasing org specific data general- vendor data, original data, PO unit, info record memo, admin data purch org- control, prices, stats, PO text 2. purchasing org specific and plant specific data purch org & plant- control, prices, stats, PO text

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data for PIR is divided as follows:

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when you create a purch doc, system searches for a price. when you create a PO, system searches for an info record for the vendor or material combo at purch org and plant level. if none, system searches at PO level. if no data again, must enter price manually. *in the PO, valuation price from material master is not proposed as PO price*

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price determination

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-system determines prices based on existing VALID conditions -if PIR doesn't have conditions, or they're all invalid, the system reads the number of the last purch doc in info record and proposes the price from that. buyer can change when making the PO. *can define how system handles conditions from last PO in the default values for buyers (customizing)

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price determination if PIR exists

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-conditions are always copied -conditions are not copied if the price is entered manually -conditions are never copied

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these specs are available when transferring conditions from the last PO:

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-you can manually create or change an info record for a purch org and plant -can also create and update PIR automatically by setting the InfoUpdate checkbox when maintaining a quotation, PO, or outline agreement

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creating a PIR

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1. quotation conditions are transferred to the info record 2. PO a contract release order or scheduling agreement, the document and item number is updated as the last doc 3. contract it's important to know whether an info record already exists for the vendor material combo. when you create or change a contract, the system creates a PIR with the conditions from the contract if there are no existing PIRs for that combo of vendor/material/org level. if one already exists then it is not updated.

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these purchasing docs determine which updates are triggered by the InfoUpdate checkbox:

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plant-related conditions

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At plant level, you can specify whether or not ______________ are allowed.

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in the PO, it controls whether an inforecord is updated or created

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InfoUpdate Checkbox

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1. if an inforecord exists at a purch org level or purch org and plant level, the info record is updated 2. if an info record exists with purch org data or purch org and plant data, the plant specific data is updated 3. if no info record exists and the plant condition req has been specified in customizing, the system creates an info record with a plant. otherwise, the system creates an info record without a plant

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if the infoupdate checkbox is set, these situations are possible:

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material master record; the quantity and value of the material stock and valuation price are updated in the material master record

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You need a ________________ for inventory managed material because.....

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-determines and maintains the stock value of a material -shows connection btw mm and fi because material valuation accesses and updates G/L accounts

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material valuation

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stock value = stock quantity * material valuation price so, stock value changes when stock q or val price change

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stock value formula

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1. system settings (customization) 2. material master record

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material valuation is controlled by:

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1. On which level are materials valuated? 2. Which types of goods movements are relevant for valuation? (movement type + material determine this) 3. Which accounts are posted to during a transaction? (settings for auto account determination establish this)

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material valuation answers:

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organizational level at which material is valuated

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valuation area

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1. valuation area = company code at cc level, valuation data of a material is created separately for each cc. price ctrl and valuation price of a material are valid for each cc, so the material is valuated consistently in all plants within the cc. 2. valuation area = plant (recommended) at plant level, valuation data of a material is created per plant, and the price ctrl and valuation price of a material are valid for each plant. so, same material could be valuated differently in each plant.

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you can decide whether the valuation area is determined at company code or plant level based on these conditions:

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1. In which g/l account should the stock value of this material be managed? 2. Is the stock of a material valuated at a constant price, or should the price be adjusted to match the fluctuations of the cost price?

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material master record- accounting data when entering acct data, must answer:

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whether the material is to be valuated, whether stock needs to be managed on q and value basis, and whether this update can be controlled at valuation area level

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material type determines...

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1. used to determine which stock account needs to be updated during goods mvmt of a material 2. valuation class combines materials for assigning g/l accounts so you don't have to manage a separate stock account per material. seen in FI view of material master. 3. valuation classes for material depend on material type (configured in customizing). can also assign a valuation class to multiple material types.

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valuation class characteristics

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-the price control procedure set in the material master record determines the value used to valuate the GR of a material -standard price OR moving average price

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procedures for material valuation

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-there are multiple stock postings to a price, which are determined in the material master -variances to the standard price are posted to the price difference accounts

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standard price (s)

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total value = standard price (per base unit of measure) * total stock

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standard price formula

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-system valuates GR's with the PO price and GI's with the current moving average price -if there is sufficient stock coverage, differences btw the PO price and invoice are posted directly to the relevant stock account, changing the moving average price of the material

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moving average price (v)

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total stock value / total stock quantity = moving average price

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moving average price formula

question

stock; GR/IR clearing account will have to debit or credit a price diff account sometimes with standard price when incoming invoice is posted, GR/IR is cleared at order price and vendor account is updated at invoice price, then difference between order and invoice prices gets posted to a price differences account (if standard pricing); stock account or price diff acct if it's a loss (if moving avg)

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Debit ________ and credit _________ for goods receipts

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analysis that delivers info about the stock situation of a material. displays stocks of material for each org level. can display stock overview for batches or valuation type and special stocks (like consignment) and also the stock overview for org units.

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stock overview

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for GR's, you decide which stock type a quantity is posted to. type is relevant to MRP and inv mgmt

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valuated goods receipt

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1. unrestricted 2. quality inspection stock (available from MRP perspective but no withdrawals for consumption possible) 3. blocked stock (not avail for MRP and no withdrawals-- damaged or unsellable)

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you can post a GR for the warehouse into these stock types:

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no consumption can withdraw from one sample, scrap a quantity, or post an inventory difference

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what can you do with quality inspection stock and blocked stock?

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-between stock types -material doc generated -no acct doc for stock to stock

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transfer postings stock to stock

question

-material doc -acct doc if movement is relevant to valuation

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docs generated at GR

question

when it affects acct dept. for ex, a GR posting of raw mat will increase stock, but if the raw mat is transferred within a plant, no postings are made in fi.

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how do we know if a GR is relevant to valuation?

question

1. update stock and value in material master 2. material doc 3. update stock and consumption accounts 4. QM 5. transfer req for WH mgmt (if active) 6. update PO and PO history 7. output (GR slip; optional) 8. notification of the orderer (optional)

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key effects of a goods receipt

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-planned -unplanned

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Delivery costs

question

costs agreed upon before delivery with the vendor, freight forwarder, or customs office costs have separate condition types in PO, and when you post the GR, the system makes postings to separate clearing accounts for those expenses advantage: system includes them in the valuation of the material at the time of GR

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planned delivery costs

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costs not known at time of ordering, and are not entered until system posts incoming invoice if needed, system will correct material valuations that happened at time of GR and balances out differences when invoice is received

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unplanned delivery costs

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when you enter an invoice using LIV, a FI doc is generated in addition to the invoice doc in materials management

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Docs generated at Invoice Receipt

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user parameter where you can enter the value x for the user in order to activate the display of both MM and FI doc numbers

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IVFI display

SAP MM Book 1 Unit 3: Stock Material Procurement – Flashcards

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