question

In the aftermath of Columbus and voyages of encounter, Europeans believed the first humans in the Americas might have been

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C. Phoenician seafarers from Carthage.

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Currently available evidence has shown the first humans in the Americas

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A. In the view of Lois Leakey, may have arrived 100,000 years ago.

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The Olmec peoples

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D. developed a system of hieroglyphics

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Archaeologists call the region in which the first New World civilizations began

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C. Mesoamerica

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Which of the following is not true of the Olmec culture?

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C. It developed in the high, mountainous areas of central Mexico.

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Which civilization lived in terraces cut out of a mountainside located in the central Mexican highlands?

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C. Zapotec

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Which of the following was true about Teotihuacán?

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C. It met its demise due to unexplained reasons.

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Mayan Civilization

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E. declined before 1000 C.E.

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The chinampas

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A. reflected significant ability in the field of drainage agriculture.

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The civilization of the Maya developed in the

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Yucatan Peninsula

question

The two commodities that enabled the Maya to develop trade relations with other civilizations in its region were

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C. obsidian and cacao trees

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The sacred ball court

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A. had life or death implications for those who played upon it.

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In which areas were the Mayan and Aztec civilizations similar?

answer

They both practiced human sacrifice.

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Which of the following statements is the most accurate depiction of the Aztec empire?

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B. It was a confederation of localities linked by a feudal allegiance system in which a central ruler controlled an empire developed through military conquest.

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The Aztec capital was

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A. Tenochtitlán

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As the guiding deity of the entire population, the supreme Aztec god was

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C. Ometeotl

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Aztec Society was

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B. a hierarchical dictatorship, with a privileged upper class and a downtrodden majority.

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Most of the Aztec population belonged to large kinship groups called

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C. calpulli

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Which of the following was not a characteristic of the large kinship groups of the Aztecs?

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D. Women were required to work in the fields five days each week.

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Which of the following best describes social and gender roles in the Aztec culture?

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B. There were clear-cut lines of demarcation between the responsibilities and duties of males and females.

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Which of the following gods retained a higher level of cognizance in the Aztec psyche than most of their other gods, due primarily to its tenth-century departure from the Valley of Mexico and promised future victorious return?

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C. Quetzalcoatl

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In analyzing Aztec cosmology

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C. it assumed the existence of divine and material worlds.

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Aztec religion

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C. employed human ritual sacrifices, often inolving large numbers of victims.

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Aztec writing

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E. none of the above

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What was the purpose of the human sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs?

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B. To appease Huitzilopochtli, and thus delay the ultimate destruction of their world.

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Aztec society

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B. Did not possess a written literature, although it developed hieroglyphs.

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The massive stone carving in the form of a disc portraying the struggle between the forces of good and evil in the universe is the

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B. Stone of the Sun.

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The Spaniard responsible for the demise of the Aztec civilization was

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C. Hernán Cortés.

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Which of the following was not a factor in the demise of the Aztec civilization?

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D. the attack of the French fleet in 1518

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The cities of Uxmal and Chichen Itza flourished under the

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E. Toltecs

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The reason for the decline of Mayan civilization

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E. has never been absolutely determined.

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If one were to compare societies of the Aztec and the Maya, the best characterization of that comparison would be that

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D. both were agricultural societies that had substantial urban populations.

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All of the following statements are true about Mayan religion except

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A. its views about reincarnation resembled those of Buddhism.

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South America

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C. has had human inhabitants for more than twelve thousand years.

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The Moche culture

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C. may have been ended by major environmental changes, including both severe flooding and the spread of area deserts.

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Who was the Inca king who began the conquests that led to the creation of their empire?

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C. Pachakuti

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The civilization of the Inca

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A. constructed an impressive system of roads and bridges throughout its extensive domain.

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The population of the Inca civilization

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B. was divided into provinces containing about 10,000 people

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The Spanish figures who led the conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires, respectively, were

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E. Hernán Cortés and Jorima Rousseau

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Which of the following is not accurate?

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D. The Olmecs adopted many aspects of Aztec culture.

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The Inca fell to the Spanish because

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A. Spanish military equipment overmatched that of the Incas.

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The Aztecs and Inca were alike in

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C. the relative speed with which they were taken over by Spanish invaders

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Among the mounted nomads who came to dominate much of the southwestern plains of North America after 1500 C.E. were the

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B. Apache and Navajo

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An extensive urban community was created at Chaco Canyon by the

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C. Anasazi

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The archeological evidence of the presence of ball courts in Amerindian civilization centers is an indication at these societies

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D. probably had contacts with Mesoamerican civilizations

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The Arawak developed their society

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E. both b and c

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The tuber civilization by the Arawak, that is used today to manufacture tapioca, is

answer

C. manioc.

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Amerindians of North America who inhabited the present states of Pennsylvania and New York as well as parts of southern Canada

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A. established the League of Iroquois

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The civilizations that developed in the New World

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C. did so in close coordination with civilizations in other parts of the world.

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A striking difference between the civilizations of the New and Old Worlds was that

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C. in spite of a high degree of a cultural attainment, a number of New World civilizations still engaged in extensive human sacrifice in 1500

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