question

1. Which of the following is not a theory about the reasons Paleolithic people created cave art? a. Magic charms meant to ensure a successful hunt b. Lunar calendars for predicting seasonal migration of the animals c. Conjuring game by depicting it d. Offerings to the dead found buried in the caves

answer

d. Offerings to the dead found buried in the caves

question

How has Chauvet Cave changed thinking about prehistoric art? a. Art progressed from awkward beginnings to more sophisticated representations b. Paleolithic cave art probably was created by a single person c. Art did not necessarily evolve in a linear progression from primitive to realistic d. Paleolithic cave handprints were a form of graffiti created by young people

answer

c. Art did not necessarily evolve in a linear progression from primitive to realistic

question

Why do Paleolithic female figurines vastly outnumber male representations? a. Males likely were the carvers b. Males probably outnumbered females c. Females likely played a central role in the culture d. Females were more physically attractive than males

answer

c. Females likely played a central role in the culture

question

Why was agriculture such an enormous development? a. It enabled the people to abandon a carnivorous diet b. It created a warmer climate because of gases released by the plants c. It encouraged written language so that records could be kept d. It encouraged distinct centers of people with a common pursuit

answer

d. It encouraged distinct centers of people with a common pursuit

question

According to the most recent discoveries, why was Stonehenge constructed? a. A place for sacrifice b. A king's residence c. A burial ground d. A Druid gathering place

answer

c. A burial ground

question

What is a shaman? a. The leader of a tribe b. A person's essence or soul c. A teller of myths d. A person with mystical powers

answer

d. A person with mystical powers

question

Why did an Anasazi kiva have a small, round hole in its floor? a. The Anasazi believed that their ancestors emerged from the depths of the Earth b. The Anasazi used the hole to collect what little rain fell in the parched desert c. The Anasazi believed evil spirits could be flushed into the depths of the Earth d. The Anasazi developed a complex human-waste-disposal system

answer

a. The Anasazi believed that their ancestors emerged from the depths of the Earth

question

Why are Ise's shrine buildings razed and then rebuilt every twenty years? a. Aged wood becomes fragile b. To celebrate ritual renewal c. Generational cycles are twenty years d. To symbolize Amaterasu's lifespan

answer

b. To celebrate ritual renewal

question

Who are the Olmec's colossal stone heads believed to represent? a. Their gods b. Their enemies c. Their rulers d. Their allies

answer

c. Their rulers

question

What do the Hopewell tribe's elaborate burials tell about them? a. They considered bear teeth to be sacred b. They created beautiful works of pottery c. They believed the dead would be reincarnated d. They had an extensive trade network

answer

d. They had an extensive trade network

question

What new technology followed agriculture in defining Mesopotamia? a. Temple construction b. Metallurgy c. Water mills d. Ship building

answer

b. Metallurgy

question

Why did visitors to the ziggurats often leave a statue representing themselves? a. To gain admittance to the temple on the top b. To serve as prayer offerings to the gods c. To assure themselves of a good afterlife d. To help the gods recognize and protect them

answer

b. To serve as prayer offerings to the gods

question

Which of the following pairs correctly identifies the subjects illustrated on the Royal Standard of Ur? a. "Winter" and "Summer" b. "Heaven" and "Earth" c. "Planting" and "Harvest" d. "War" and "Peace"

answer

d. "War" and "Peace"

question

What did lost-wax casting enable the Mesopotamian sculptors to create? a. More lifelike-looking bronze pieces b. Many copies of their bronze works c. Larger and more lightweight bronze pieces d. Stronger and more durable bronze pieces

answer

c. Larger and more lightweight bronze pieces

question

Why does Hammurabi's law code represent an important change for Mesopotamian justice? a. It gave the ruler more authority and power b. It provided slaves protection from abusive owners c. It established rules for appointing judges d. It made laws more uniform, objective, and impartial

answer

d. It made laws more uniform, objective, and impartial

question

What classic struggle do Gilgamesh and Enkidu represent? a. Nature versus civilization b. Good versus evil c. Person versus societyd. Upper class versus lower class

answer

a. Nature versus civilization

question

Why is the Epic of Gilgamesh a first in known literary works? a. It is the first to confront the idea of death b. It is the first to show humans challenging gods c. It is the first to celebrate human friendship d. It is the first to present gods as anthropomorphic

answer

a. It is the first to confront the idea of death

question

Why do the Ten Commandments provide equal treatment for all classes of the Hebrews? a. The Hebrews did not tolerate class distinctions b. The Hebrews wished to attract converts c. The Hebrews had once themselves been slaves d. The Hebrews did not practice any form of slavery

answer

c. The Hebrews had once themselves been slaves

question

What was the role of the Hebrew prophets in the era following Solomon's death? a. To provide moral instruction according to the laws of the Torah b. To foretell the future for the Hebrew people c. To reunite the two separate states of the United Monarchy of Israel d. To function as intermediaries between Yahweh and the Hebrews

answer

a. To provide moral instruction according to the laws of the Torah

question

What is the Persian Zoroaster's greatest contribution to religious thought? a. The concept of a heaven and a hell b. The notion of a dualistic universe c. The emphasis on free will d. The belief in an enduring soul

answer

c. The emphasis on free will

question

What was left behind by the Nile's annual flooding? a. Fish-filled lakes and ponds b. Deep deposits of fertile soil c. Swarms of frogs and locusts d. Widespread destruction

answer

b. Deep deposits of fertile soil

question

Why did the Egyptians believe that a good deity like Osiris required a bad deity like Seth? a. Without knowing bad, one had no basis for knowing good b. Opposites were necessary for balance, harmony, and cycles c. Good versus evil provides the most basic and intense conflict d. Seth had to murder Osiris so Osiris could be god of the dead

answer

b. Opposites were necessary for balance, harmony, and cycles

question

How are the figures on the Palette of Narmer similar to those on the Mesopotamian Royal Standard of Ur? a. The king is shown as larger than anyone else b. The king is portrayed as having lighter skin c. The king is positioned in the center of each scene d. The king is standing beside a god

answer

a. The king is shown as larger than anyone else

question

Why did the Egyptians go to such lengths to preserve the dead? a. They believed that the deceased eventually would be resurrected b. They believed that only intact bodies could enter the underworld c. They believed the deceased should imitate Osiris, the prototype mummy d. The believed the deceased's ka and ba would not recognize a decomposed body

answer

d. The believed the deceased's ka and ba would not recognize a decomposed body

question

Why was deciphering the Rosetta Stone so significant? a. The Stone revealed locations of the royal tombs b. The Stone provided the key to reading hieroglyphs c. The Stone listed names and dates of the Egyptian rulers d. The Stone confirmed the existence of Cleopatra

answer

b. The Stone provided the key to reading hieroglyphs

question

. The Egyptian word for sculpture is the same as the word for what other act? a. Writing b. Painting c. Giving birth d. Preserving

answer

c. Giving birth

question

What is one of the greatest changes that took place during the Middle Kingdom? a. Mummification procedures became more complex and ritualized b. Architects used mathematics and astronomy for pyramid construction c. Writing and literature moved from the sacred to the imaginative d. Upper and Lower Egypt split and remained separate kingdoms

answer

c. Writing and literature moved from the sacred to the imaginative

question

Why would Akhenaten's change in the religion create change in the visual arts? a. Akhenaten declared artists to be dissidents, so they sought revenge through art b. Artists strove to produce works of Aten only so as to please Akhenaten c. The gods were no longer seen as perfect, so art's subjects also could be imperfect d. Akhenaten declared art to be created only by priests

answer

c. The gods were no longer seen as perfect, so art's subjects also could be imperfect d. Akhenaten declared art to be creat

question

Why were Egyptians buried with Books of Going Forth by Day (Books of the Dead)? a. To enable their ka to recognize their ba b. To help them survive the ritual of judgment c. To provide instructions for resurrection d. To show Osiris proof of their goodness

answer

b. To help them survive the ritual of judgment

question

Why during the 8th century BCE were the Kushites able to control Egypt? a. The Egyptians needed stronger leadership to thwart an Assyrian invasion b. The Egyptian pharaohs had become weakened due to inbreeding c. The Kushites invaded Egypt, killed the pharaoh, and seized control d. The Kushites controlled most of Egypt's debt from building programs

answer

a. The Egyptians needed stronger leadership to thwart an Assyrian invasion

question

Why are the more than 100 Aegean islands between mainland Greece and Crete known as the Cyclades? a. This area of the Aegean is prone to cyclones b. They form the arc of the trade route cycle c. The Greeks believed them home to the Cyclops d. The islands form a rough circular shape

answer

d. The islands form a rough circular shape

question

. Why was the Minoan civilization on Crete able to flourish? a. Crete is the largest of the Aegean islands b. Crete abounds with natural resources such as gold c. Crete's position lay on diverse trade routes d. Crete's strong military kept invaders at bay

answer

c. Crete's position lay on diverse trade routes

question

How do Minoan frescoes differ from Egyptian frescoes? a. Minoan frescoes were painted by professional artists, not slaves b. Minoan frescoes appear on walls of homes and palaces, not tombs c. Minoan frescoes were painted with oil, not water-based, pigment d. Minoan frescoes present dimension, unlike the Egyptian flat composite

answer

b. Minoan frescoes appear on walls of homes and palaces, not tombs

question

Why do we think the Minoans abandoned Knossos in about 1450 BCE? a. They were overwhelmed by the Mycenaean army b. The palace was buried by lava from a volcanic eruption c. The trade route shifted to the Greek mainland d. The palace was destroyed by an enormous earthquake

answer

a. They were overwhelmed by the Mycenaean army

question

Why were Heinrich Schliemann's discoveries at Hissarlik so astonishing? a. He proved that Troy had existed b. He uncovered the original Iliad manuscript c. He discovered the Mycenaean Warrior Vase d. He decoded the Linear B tablets found there

answer

a. He proved that Troy had existed

question

What is the Greek concept of arête? a. Showing compassion to one's enemies b. Being the best one can be c. The gods' role in determining humans' fate d. Fidelity to one's spouse

answer

b. Being the best one can be

question

According to Greek legend, why did Greece sink into a Dark Ages around 1100 BCE? a. Dorians from the North overran Greece b. The Trojan War decimated the Greeks c. A volcanic eruption devastated Greece d. The Mycenaeans set up a military state

answer

a. Dorians from the North overran Greece

question

Why did Athens emerge from the Dark Ages as a leading polis? a. It was the most isolated of the city-states b. It was the largest in terms of square miles c. It was on the seacoast and had the best harbor d. It had provided a safe haven during the Dark Ages

answer

d. It had provided a safe haven during the Dark Ages

question

What function did the korai, the female equivalent of the kouroi, seem to serve? a. Decorations for private homes b. Votive offerings to Athena c. Mannequins for clothing shops d. Commemorative grave markers

answer

b. Votive offerings to Athena

question

Why is the celebrated poet Sappho so extraordinary for this period in Greece? a. Sappho wrote lyric, not epic, poetry b. Sappho was a female c. Sappho likely was bisexual d. Sappho was a slave

answer

b. Sappho was a female

question

Why were the Greeks faced with rebuilding Athens after 479 BCE? a. An earthquake had leveled it b. The Spartans had burned it c. A flood had devastated it d. The Persians had destroyed it

answer

d. The Persians had destroyed it

question

Why were the Athenian citizens endowed with so much leisure time? a. They imported their food, so they did not have to work the fields b. Revenue from the Delian League supported the Athenian citizens c. Their humble living circumstances required minimal upkeep d. Slaves outnumbered Athenian citizens more than two to one

answer

d. Slaves outnumbered Athenian citizens more than two to one

question

Why did fifth-century Greeks not see themselves as at the mercy of the gods? a. They viewed their gods as benevolent, incapable of harming humans b. They believed natural forces were knowable, not punishment from a god c. They considered their fates to be of little interest to the gods d. They ceased to believe in the gods following the Persian War

answer

b. They believed natural forces were knowable, not punishment from a god

question

How does the Kritios Boy define classical beauty? a. He shows a lively posture and a sense of action b. He shows mental as well as physical superiority c. He is naked, a requirement for the "body beautiful" d. He illustrates Plato's' "beautiful young boy

answer

a. He shows a lively posture and a sense of action

question

Why was Doryphoros, or Spear Bearer, famous throughout the ancient world? a. It was the first statue to illustrate the contrapposto stance b. It deviated dramatically from the Egyptian models c. It demonstrated Polyclitus's treatise on proportion d. It occupied a place of honor in the Acropolis's Propylaia

answer

c. It demonstrated Polyclitus's treatise on proportion

question

Why was Socrates not a staunch defender of democracy? a. He believed that most people were incapable of exercising good government b. As a metic, he was allowed no vote in Athenian political affairs c. He disagreed with the City Council of Athens being chosen from the aristocracy d. He believed that rule by an intellectual philosopher king was superior

answer

a. He believed that most people were incapable of exercising good government

question

With which cult was drama originally associated? a. The cult of Mithras b. The cult of Isis c. The cult of Cybele d. The cult of Dionysus

answer

d. The cult of Dionysus

question

What qualities define Hellenistic art? a. Nobility and detachment b. Animation, drama, and psychological complexity c. Harmony between the natural world and the intellectual realm d. Mathematical regularity and imposing size

answer

b. Animation, drama, and psychological complexity

question

According to Aristotle, how could a person come to know universal truths? a. By stripping away prejudice and historical conditioning b. By studying the universal Forms of Justice, Beauty, and Love c. By discovering how each individual human defines reality d. By observing the material world itself in which reality exists

answer

d. By observing the material world itself in which reality exists

question

Why can Hellenistic sculpture be equated with Aristotle's idea of catharsis? a. Both portray brutal realism with characters b. Both require figures in tragic circumstances c. Both aim to elicit viewer emotional response d. Both involve subjects in high social position

answer

c. Both aim to elicit viewer emotional response

question

. To what two groups does Roman culture trace its origins? a. The Dorians and the Phoenicians b. The Greeks and the Etruscans c. The Latiums and the Rutulians d. The Egyptians and the Greeks

answer

b. The Greeks and the Etruscans

question

According to the Roman poet Virgil, to whom do the Romans trace their origin? a. Romulus b. Zeus c. The Trojans d. Odysseus

answer

d. Odysseus

question

When they overthrew the Etruscans in 510 BCE, what did the Romans decide not to have in their society? a. Taxes b. A monarch c. Class distinctions d. Slaves

answer

b. A monarch

question

Why would 2nd- and 1st-century BCE Romans portray their ancestors with verism, showing every wart and wrinkle? a. To frighten their youth into being respectful b. To contrast foolish youthful optimism and ambition c. To show the wisdom and experience of age d. To emphasize the Roman virtue of truth

answer

c. To show the wisdom and experience of age

question

Why were the Romans attracted to the philosophy of Stoicism? a. They reveled in its tenet that pleasure is the object of human life b. They embraced all things Greek, and Stoicism developed in Athens c. They appreciated its rational detachment and practical principles d. They were attracted to its promise of a pleasant afterlife

answer

c. They appreciated its rational detachment and practical principles

question

Why did Augustus permanently banish the poet Ovid from Rome? a. For stealing kisses from Augustus's daughter, Julia b. For writing Ars Amatoria, a guidebook for having affairs c. For living in open disregard of Augustus's family-centered policies d. For parodying Virgil's epic in his earliest work, the Amores

answer

b. For writing Ars Amatoria, a guidebook for having affairs

question

Why was the Pantheon constructed with a 30-foot-diameter oculus (hole) in its roof? a. To prevent rain from pooling on the rooftop b. To symbolize Jupiter's ever-watchful eye over Rome c. To lighten the weight of the 20-foot-thick dome d. To allow rooftop access for the dome's maintenance

answer

b. To symbolize Jupiter's ever-watchful eye over Rome

question

Why is Pompeii such an important archaeological site? a. It is the location of Augustus's wife's private vacation villa b. Its aqueduct (Aqua Augusta) is the best preserved in Italy c. It tells us most of what we know about everyday Roman life d. Its ruins document Pliny the Younger's descriptions

answer

c. It tells us most of what we know about everyday Roman life

question

Why did the Roman baths come to signal a decline in values and morals? a. Prostitutes established their businesses in them b. They came to symbolize material excess c. They distracted Romans from the affairs of the state d. They symbolized waste of labor and precious water

answer

b. They came to symbolize material excess

question

Why, by the end of the third century, were the Romans justified in feeling politically and culturally threatened by the Christians? a. Christians made up nearly one-tenth of the empire's population b. Constantine was conspiring with the Christians to stage a coup c. Christian churches were outnumbering Roman temples in Rome d. Christians were staging terrorist acts against Roman institutions

answer

a. Christians made up nearly one-tenth of the empire's population

question

Why have the earliest ritual jade discs (bi) been found in tombs? a. The Chinese believed that jade would absorb the person's soul b. They served as payment for entrance into the afterlife c. The Chinese believed that jade preserved the body from decay d. The beasts on their rims were to protect the dead from demons

answer

c. The Chinese believed that jade preserved the body from decay

question

According to Chinese legend, what inspired Fu Xi's invention of a pictographic writing system? a. Visions that came to him in a dream b. Random scratches he noticed on animal bones c. Constellations and bird and animal footprints d. Papyri left behind by seafaring Egyptians

answer

c. Constellations and bird and animal footprints

question

To what does the Yi Jing (Book of Changes) provide a guide? a. Interpreting the workings of the universe b. Understanding the Chinese mythology c. Translating the Chinese writing d. Explaining traditional rules of behavior

answer

a. Interpreting the workings of the universe

question

What does the yin-yang symbolize? a. The harmonious merging of the Shang and the Zhou dynasties b. The perpetual interplay and mutual relation among all things c. The moment of transition that ultimately leads to wisdom d. The five elements and the five powers of creation

answer

b. The perpetual interplay and mutual relation among all things

question

What lies at the core of Confucianism? a. Traditional Chinese values of self-discipline and proper relations among people b. Knowledge and acceptance of one's assigned place in Chinese society c. Absolute obedience to the state so as to curb the individual's evil nature d. Acceptance of a diversity of beliefs, deities, and practices

answer

a. Traditional Chinese values of self-discipline and proper relations among people

question

Why did Qin Shihuangdi order the building of the Great Wall of China? a. To free up prisons by giving criminals and disfavored civil servants work b. To establish tangible evidence of his status as "First Emperor" c. To provide employment for soldiers languishing from lack of action d. To discourage invasion from nomadic invaders from the north

answer

d. To discourage invasion from nomadic invaders from the north

question

Why has Qin Shihuangdi's actual tomb never been excavated? a. Its location has never been discovered b. It may be surrounded by a river of mercury c. It is located too deep in the ground d. It would damage the terra cotta warriors

answer

b. It may be surrounded by a river of mercury

question

Why did Prince Siddhartha Gautama leave the palace to live in the wilderness for 6 years? a. He was actively seeking the Four Noble Truths b. He was banished by his father for decrying war c. He was dismayed by the poor state of Indian education d. He was troubled by the suffering of all human beings

answer

d. He was troubled by the suffering of all human beings

question

Why did Ashoka decry violence in 261 BCE and turn to Buddhism? a. He suffered a crushing defeat by the Seleucids in battle b. He saw a monk walking among the dead on a battlefield c. He wished to establish diplomatic relations with the Greeks d. He watched his best friend suffer and die on a battlefield

answer

b. He saw a monk walking among the dead on a battlefield

question

Why, around 483 BCE, were eight of the earliest stupas built? a. To contain Buddha's remains, which were divided into eight parts b. To honor the eight yakshis, the Vedic female spirit figures c. To serve as tombs for Buddha's eight wives d. To signify the eight levels of Buddhist consciousness

answer

a. To contain Buddha's remains, which were divided into eight parts

question

Why is Masada one of the most symbolic sites in all of Israel? a. It contains the tomb of King Herod, who sought to kill the infant Jesus b. It is the hill from which Jesus delivered his Sermon on the Mount c. It was the site of Solomon's Temple, destroyed by Romans in 70 CE d. It represents the sacrifice of Jews rather than submit to Roman defeat

answer

d. It represents the sacrifice of Jews rather than submit to Roman defeat

question

Why around 168 BCE did the Jewish religion start becoming increasingly messianic? a. The Seleucid king Antiochus IV tried to impose worship of Greek gods on the Jews b. The Babylonians destroyed the Second Temple of Jerusalem c. The Romans conquered Jerusalem and imposed Roman rule d. The Persians liberated the Jews from the Babylonian Captivity

answer

a. The Seleucid king Antiochus IV tried to impose worship of Greek gods on the Jews

question

Why did Jesus of Nazareth identify himself as the Messiah? a. He desired to attract evangelists to assist him b. He needed to establish his identity for the Jews c. He never made this claim; his followers did d. He wanted to antagonize the Roman leaders

answer

c. He never made this claim; his followers did

question

According to the evangelist Paul, what did sinners have to do to earn redemption? a. Show their faith in Christ and his salvation b. Refrain from sex except for procreation c. Spread the good news of Jesus's life d. Dedicate their lives to performing good works

answer

a. Show their faith in Christ and his salvation

question

Why did the developing Church ban the Gnostic texts? a. They were too mystical for non-intellectuals to understand b. They were at odds with what would become normative belief c. They were written centuries after the other versions of Jesus's life d. They were too similar to Indian philosophy and deemed pagan

answer

b. They were at odds with what would become normative belief

question

Why did early Christians develop symbols to identify themselves to each other? a. They were an illiterate people b. They considered pictures a sin c. They rejected the Latin alphabet d. They feared persecution for their faith

answer

d. They feared persecution for their faith

question

Why was the Nicene Creed so important? a. It created a unified, universal faith b. It legalized the practice of Christianity c. It produced an official Bible d. It ended religious persecution

answer

a. It created a unified, universal faith

question

Why was early Christianity syncretistic, incorporating into itself pagan mythic traditions? a. To round out the unknowns in Christianity's historical record b. To convert pagans by presenting Christianity in their terms c. To satisfy the Romans who wished to retain familiar rituals d. To prevent Christianity from being viewed as a secret cult

answer

b. To convert pagans by presenting Christianity in their terms

question

Why in 325 CE did Constantine move his capital from Rome to Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople? a. Rome was too landlocked for his building programs b. Constantinople was closer to the Christian holy lands c. Rome was too vulnerable to attack from Germanic tribes d. Constantinople occupied center location in the new empire

answer

a. Rome was too landlocked for his building programs

question

Why did the San Vitale artists depict their subjects in reverse perspective and in shallow space? a. To draw the viewer's eye to one vanishing point b. To reject earthly illusion for the sacred space of the image c. To cause the objects that are further away seem smaller d. To make the objects seem to be floating in ethereal space

answer

b. To reject earthly illusion for the sacred space of the image

question

Why was the Kaaba significant to the Bedouins? a. It enclosed Mecca's largest natural spring b. It was their leader's home c. It marked their trade route's midpoint d. It housed images of their gods

answer

d. It housed images of their gods

question

Why is the Kaaba significant to Muslims today? a. It represents the physical center of the planet and universe b. It houses the remains of the prophet Mohammad c. It is the largest mosque on the Arabian peninsula d. It serves as a depository for Islamic treasures

answer

a. It represents the physical center of the planet and universe

question

What does the word Islam mean? a. Chosen b. Recitation c. Servant d. Submission

answer

d. Submission

question

Why do Muslims believe that the Qur'an cannot be translated? a. Arabic does not translate well b. The rhyme scheme will be lost c. Muhammad decreed no translation d. It is the direct word of God

answer

d. It is the direct word of God

question

What is the hadith? a. The Muslim's history b. Islam's five pillars c. Mohammad's sayings d. Verses in the surahs

answer

c. Mohammad's sayings

question

Why is the Muslim year shorter than the Christian year? a. The Muslim year is based on lunar cycles b. The Muslims exclude holy days from count c. The Muslim week is only six days d. The Muslims use the Hebrew calendar

answer

a. The Muslim year is based on lunar cycles

question

What structure inspired the design of most mosques? a. The Kaaba in Mecca b. Muhammad's house in Medina c. Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem d. The Hagia Sophia in Constantinople

answer

b. Muhammad's house in Medina

question

Why did Mohammad allow Muslim men to have up to four wives? a. To provide protective charity b. To convert non-Muslim women c. To increase the Muslim population d. To lessen the chance of adultery

answer

a. To provide protective charity

question

Why perhaps were conquered Africans eager to convert to Islam? a. To receive a share of war booty b. To avoid being killed c. To avoid enslavement d. To gain an army position

answer

c. To avoid enslavement

question

As reported in the chapter's "Continuity and Change" section, why did Islam inevitably come into conflict with Christianity? a. Early Christians' intolerance of religions other than their own b. Islam's belief that Jesus was a mere prophet, not the son of God c. Early Christians' insistence that religious art was not sacrilege d. Islam's desire to control Jerusalem, which the Christians claimed

answer

b. Islam's belief that Jesus was a mere prophet, not the son of God

question

Why did early Buddhists believe portraying Buddha in art was impossible? a. No image could portray his greatness b. He had passed to nirvana c. Buddhism forbids figural images in its art d. No artist had ever seen Buddha

answer

b. He had passed to nirvana

question

Why did Song painters value landscape above other subjects? a. Its vastness reflected China itself b. It offered a constantly changing subject c. Its beauty symbolized the Chinese people d. It embodied the principle behind all things

answer

d. It embodied the principle behind all things

question

What did bamboo in the exiled scholar-painters' art symbolize? a. Chinese peoples' dominance of the land b. Theft of Chinese soil by Mongol invaders c. Chinese peoples' ability to bend and not break d. Unifying principle of the Chinese world

answer

c. Chinese peoples' ability to bend and not break

question

What is the goal of every Tibetan Mahayana Buddhist before crossing into paradise? a. To reach enlightenment b. To reach nirvana c. To help others reach enlightenment d. To serve as a lama (religious leader)

answer

c. To help others reach enlightenment

question

What "world's first" is Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji considered to be? a. Book written by a woman b. Published diary c. Illustrated book d. Novel

answer

d. Novel

question

What immediate act by the first shogun, Yoritomo, defined his rule? a. Land grants to his followers b. Destruction of Buddhist temples c. Establishment of Confucianism as state religion d. Cessation of contact with the outside world

answer

a. Land grants to his followers

question

Why did Africa's Ife people consider their king's head of supreme importance? a. His was the most decoratively scarred b. It housed the tribe's collective knowledge c. It was home of the spirit d. His symbolized triumph over pain

answer

c. It was home of the spirit

question

Why must the Yoruba king cover his face with rows of beads? a. To prevent his subordinates from looking at him b. To conceal his identity from his people c. To shield viewers from the power of his gaze d. To avoid seeing the suffering of his people

answer

c. To shield viewers from the power of his gaze

question

What fundamental tool of civilization did the Classic Era Mesoamerican cultures lack? a. The wheel b. Metal tools c. A writing system d. Irrigation

answer

a. The wheel

question

Why did the Incas build the remote Machu Picchu, high in the Andes? a. As a royal retreat for a ruler b. To hide from Spanish invaders c. To move closer to their sky gods d. As a settlement for their gold miners

answer

a. As a royal retreat for a ruler

question

What in the Sutton Hoo burial ceremony did Christianity forbid? a. Ornate decoration b. Mummification c. Burial with war gear d. Cremation

answer

d. Cremation

question

What advantages did feudalism offer the fiefs? a. Higher social status b. Free education c. Use of land and protection d. Payment for their services

answer

c. Use of land and protection

question

What pilgrimage destination was most difficult to reach? a. Rome b. Lourdes c. Santiago de Compostela d. Jerusalem

answer

d. Jerusalem

question

What literary work describes a scene similar to the Sutton Hoo discovery? a. Beowulf b. The Luttrell Psalter c. Song of Roland d. The Dream of the Rood

answer

a. Beowulf

question

Why does Beowulf travel from Sweden to Denmark? a. To sacrifice himself for the greater good b. To present gold to King Hrothgar c. To kill the monster Grendel d. To meet his betrothed, Wealtheow

answer

c. To kill the monster Grendel

question

Why did Pope Leo III crown Charlemagne the first Holy Roman Emperor? a. For building the monastery at St. Gall, Switzerland b. For agreeing to support Leo in the First Crusade c. For Christianizing the people of his vast empire d. For driving the Germanic Lombards out of Italy

answer

c. For Christianizing the people of his vast empire

question

Why did Charlemagne insist upon a Christian education for his people? a. To gain more favor from Pope Leo b. So they could read aloud and sing in church c. To make more convert to Christianity d. So more would enter the priesthood

answer

b. So they could read aloud and sing in church

question

What architectural feature especially distinguishes a Romanesque church? a. Native stone b. Soaring spires c. Stained-glass windows d. Barrel vaults

answer

d. Barrel vaults

question

Why were Romanesque churches' portals of special importance? a. To showcase local stonemasons' skills b. To define the boundary between secular and sacred space c. To remind visitors that they would enter the dark (die) d. To preview the wonders that lay within the church

answer

b. To define the boundary between secular and sacred space

question

Why was the courtly love poetry written in the common language instead of Latin? a. Latin was the language of religion, not love b. Eleanor of Aquitaine did not understand Latin c. Latin was not as musical as was the vernacular d. More people would be able to enjoy it

answer

d. More people would be able to enjoy it

question

Who designed the Abbey of Saint-Denis's renovation and thus began the Gothic style? a. Abbot Jesse b. Thomas Aquinas c. Abbot Suger d. Louis VII

answer

c. Abbot Suger

question

Why were so many of the cathedrals called Notre Dame ("Our Lady")? a. They were dedicated to France's Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine b. They were dedicated to France, personified as "our lady" c. They were dedicated to Mary Magdalene, the "bride of Christ" d. They were dedicated to the Virgin Mary, Queen of Heaven

answer

d. They were dedicated to the Virgin Mary, Queen of Heaven

question

What from Chartres Cathedral survived the devastating fire of 1194? a. Abbott Suger's preserved body b. Mary's tunic and a window portraying her c. The Gothic-design south spire d. The rose window and its lancets

answer

b. Mary's tunic and a window portraying her

question

Why is the Jesse tree a common stained-glass motif? a. It connects nature to the heavenly realm b. It symbolizes the people's ability to ascend to heaven c. It reminds the people of Jesus's suffering for their sins d. It establishes Mary's royal lineage from King David

answer

d. It establishes Mary's royal lineage from King David

question

Why did the Gothic cathedrals include flying buttresses? a. To allow for larger windows and portals b. To help spread out the weight of the vaults c. To divert water from the roof and walls d. To provide interior support for the arches

answer

b. To help spread out the weight of the vaults

question

Where was the first university founded? a. Oxford, England b. Rome, Italy c. Paris, France d. Bologna, Italy

answer

d. Bologna, Italy

question

On whose relationship was the popular poem the Roman de la Rose based? a. Peter Abelard and Heloise b. Jesus and Mary Magdalene c. Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry II d. Romeo and Juliet

answer

a. Peter Abelard and Heloise

question

What relic did Louis IX purchase on Crusade in Constantinople to display at Sainte-Chapelle? a. The Virgin Mary's tunic b. Christ's crown of thorns c. Mary Magdalene's bones d. John the Baptist's skull

answer

b. Christ's crown of thorns

question

Why did Pisano sculpt his Mary, Sister of Moses, which sits on the Siena Cathedral, to lean forward? a. To correct the illusion of curving inward b. So she would fit underneath the gable c. So the viewers below could see her face d. To give her drapery more dramatic folds

answer

c. So the viewers below could see her face

question

Why did the Florentine families donate chapels to the mendicant churches? a. So they dictate the churches' interior decoration b. To guarantee the families' salvation c. So Florence's churches would outnumber Siena's d. To gain favor with Pope Innocent III

answer

b. To guarantee the families' salvation

question

According to legend, who founded Siena? a. The Etruscan king Tarquin the Proud b. Remus's sons, Senius and Aschius c. The Roman emperor Augustus d. The Frankish king Charlemagne

answer

b. Remus's sons, Senius and Aschius

question

Why were Siena's guilds able to rise to such levels of power? a. Siena was an important manufacturing city b. Siena's guilds led a successful revolt against their feudal lord c. Siena's guilds supported the Pope, who awarded them privileges d. Siena supplied all of Italy with stained-glass windows

answer

a. Siena was an important manufacturing city

question

On what trade was Florence's wealth based? a. Textiles b. Gold c. Raw wool d. Olive oil

answer

a. Textiles

question

Who in Florence was eligible to serve in the government? a. Only guild members b. Members of the Guelph party c. Any free man d. Members of the nobility

answer

a. Only guild members

question

How does Duccio's Maestrá break from Byzantine portrayals of Mary and the Christ child? a. Mary and Christ are larger than the surrounding attendants b. Mary's body has substance, and Christ resembles an actual baby c. Mary and Christ are depicted in reverse perspective d. Mary and Christ look straight out, engaging the viewer

answer

b. Mary's body has substance, and Christ resembles an actual baby

question

Why did the Scrovegni family build and then hire Giotto to decorate Arena Chapel in Padua? a. To serve as the tomb of their patriarch, Reginaldo b. To sanctify the site of a Roman pagan arena c. To atone for their flagrant usury d. To elevate their status as wealthy merchants

answer

c. To atone for their flagrant usury

question

In the Arena Chapel frescoes, what is Giotto the first artist since antiquity to depict? a. People from behind b. A nude female c. A contrapposto stance d. Flying angels

answer

a. People from behind

question

Why does Dante place Judas, Brutus, and Cassius in the lowest level of his hell? a. They were hypocrites b. They were traitors c. They were suicides d. They were wrathful

answer

b. They were traitors

question

What literary trend does Boccaccio's Decameron introduce into Western literature? a. A framing tale b. Romanticism c. Satire d. Social realism

answer

d. Social realism

question

In what language did Chaucer write his Tales? a. Anglo-Saxon b. Latin c. French d. Middle English

answer

d. Middle English

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