other gram negative rods – Flashcards
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Causes pertussis/whooping cough |
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Bortedella |
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the only vaccine-preventable disease increasing in the US |
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pertussis |
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gram negative rod, oxidizes glucose, but cannot ferment it |
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pseudomona aeruginosa |
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has exotoxins A and S, elastase (that breaks down elastic fibers in IgA IgG) and Pyocyanin |
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pseudomona aeruginosa |
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Burn victims are especially at risk for it |
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pseudomona aeruginosa |
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what do Cystic Fibrosis, respiratory therapy, swimmer s ear and burn victims have in common? |
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1. all in contact with water 2. all susceptible for infection with pseudomona aeruginosa |
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about 70-80% of patients suffering from this disease will eventually become colonized with pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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cystic fibrosis |
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forms very tenacious biofilms; can grow in soaps and is very hard to eliminate with antiseptics |
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pseudomona aeruginosa |
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can be treated with ticarcillin, piperacillin, aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin, high-level cephalosporins |
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pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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causes Tularemia from contact with rabbits |
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francisella |
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biosafety level III because of ease in delivery and low dose |
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francisella |
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it manifests through lesions that spread to lymph nodes, if cutaneous, or flu-like symtoms, if ingested |
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francisella |
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named after an American legion convention |
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Legionella pneumophila |
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infection is a result of breathing in aerosolized bacteria, from water tower or fountain |
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legionella pneumophila |
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most at risk are old men with impaired lung function, smokers and immunosuppressed |
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legionella pneumophila |
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Causes Pontiac Fever in younger people |
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legionella pneumophila |
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DOC are rifampin and erythromycin |
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legionella pneumophila |
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requires cysteine for growth and is enhanced by iron |
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legionella pneumophilla |
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required BCYE media |
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legionella |
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colonies look like ground glass, with a greenish tint |
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legionella |
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rather than culture, DFA stain and serological studies are used for diagnose |
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legionella |
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small, aerobic, obligate intracellular parasite |
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coxiella |
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in animals, transmitted by ticks. In humans- by inhaling dust or dander from animals |
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coxiella burnetti |
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causes Q fever in animal handlers |
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coxiella burnetti |
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Anaerobic GN rod, accounts fro 85% of GI diseases, peritonitis, genital infections and wound infections |
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Bacteroide fragilis |
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Anaerobic GN rod, Seen in sinus, ear, periodontal and pelvic infections |
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prevotella |
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have mycolic acid as part of their cell wall |
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acid-fast rods |
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Which color do Acid-fast bacilli hold, primarily? |
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red stain |
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species of gram-positive rods that are truly acid fast |
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mycobacterium |
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its virulence depends on the cord factor |
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mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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stage of TB characterized by tubercles in lungs, especially in young children |
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primary TB |
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type of TB that is dormant and reactivates when immune system is weak |
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secondary TB |
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Causes consumption; macrophages carry bacillus to many sites of the body |
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disseminated TB |
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Macrophages engulf these bacteria, but dont destroy it; invite more macrophages, that form tubercles |
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tuberculosis |
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bacteria in which Caseous Lesions are formed as part of the disease |
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tuberculosis |
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direct observed therapy is recommended for this disease |
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TB |
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Also called hansen's disease |
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leprosy |
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the only bacteria that grows in peripheral nerves |
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leprosy |
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How is M. leprae cultured? |
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cannot be grown artificially; armadillos or mice are used? |
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in people with good cell-mediated immunity leprosy would have this form |
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tuberculoid |
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type of leprosy that causes severe disfigurement |
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lepromatous |
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one of the most important symptoms is loss of feeling and numbness |
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leprosy |
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this infection does not occur person-to person (only by food and water) and is more prominent among AIDS patients |
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Mycobacterium Avium intracellulare |
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partially acid-fast |
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nocardia |
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Do enterobacteriaceae ferment glucose? |
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Yes |
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Enterobacteriaceae and oxidase |
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Enterobacteriaceae- oxidase negative |
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Species of GN rods that reduce nitrates to nitrites |
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enterobacteriaceae |
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motility in enterobacteriaceae |
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motile by peritrichious flagella or non-motile |
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GN rods that grow well on MacConkey |
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Enerobacteriaceae |
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Q fever |
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Coxiella burnetti |
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BCYE media |
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legionella |
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Bile-resistant anaerobic GNR |
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B. fragilis |
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Most common cause of endocarditis |
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Coxiella |
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swimmer's ear |
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pseudomona aeruginosa |
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gram stain of penile exudate is diagnostic |
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treponema pallidium |
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petechial rash |
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Rickettsia Neisseria meningiditis |
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rabbit fever |
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francisella |
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Yaws, Pinta, bejel |
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treponema pallidium |
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Lyme disease |
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borellia |
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cystic fibrosis |
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pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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20% horse blood |
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Bordetella (pertussis) |
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erythema migrans |
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borelia (lyme disease) |
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non-gonococcal urethritis |
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1. mycoplasma pneumoniae 2. chlamydia trachomonas |
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Bile-sensitive anaerobic GNR |
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prevotella |
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pontiac fever |
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legionella |
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Only effective drug is Ceftiaxone |
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Neisseria Gonorhoeae |
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Best cell for diagnosis is monocyte |
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Erlichia |
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Relapsing fever |
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Borellia (lyme disease) |
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Pyocianins |
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Pseudomona aeruginosa |
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Ophtalmia neonatum |
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neisseria gonorhoeae |
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RPR aka VDRL |
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treponema pallidum (syphillis) |
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best specimen for lab ID is urine |
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leptospira |
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Causes most seafood-related deaths in US |
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virbrio vulnificus |
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Biosafety III |
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1. Francisella 2. brucella |
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Gummas |
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Treponema pallidum (syphilis) |
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Rice-water stools |
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vibrio cholera |
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Epidemic / Louse-Borne typhus |
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rickettsia |
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Parrot fever |
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Chlamydia psitacci |
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10% CO2, 42C |
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campylobacter jejuni |
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Best cell for diagnosis is neutrophil |
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treponema pallidum (syphilis) |
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Penicillinase, not beta-lactamase |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
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No fever |
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cholera |
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rapid urease |
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helicobacter pylori |
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microscopic colonies like fried eggs |
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mycoplasma |
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stomach cancer |
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helicobacter pylori |
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Weil's Disease |
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leptospira |
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Atherosclerosis |
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chlamydia pneumonia |
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Thayer-Martin Agar or NYC agar |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
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walking pneumonia |
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mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Most common cause of bacterial disease in Japan |
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Vibrio parahemolyticus |
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Legionnaire's Disease |
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Legionella |
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Painless chancre at initial site of infection |
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treponema pallidum (syphilis) |
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Guillain-Barre Syndrome |
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Campylobacter |
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Cough Plate |
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Bordetella (pertussis) |
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MHA- TP |
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treponema pallidium (syphilis) |
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Most common bacterial cause of diarhea in US |
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campylobacter |
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Rash extending to palms and soles |
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1. treponema pallidium 2. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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HGE/HME |
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erlichiosis |
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Rat urine |
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leptospira |
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Brill-Zinsser |
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Rickettsia (typhus) |
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Most common bacterial STD in US |
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Chlamydia trachomatis |
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30 degrees, liquid media, dark |
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leptospira |
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cat scratch fever |
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bartonella |
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soft chancre |
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helicobacter ducreyi |
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Arthritis |
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1. neiserria meningiditis 2. Borrelia bergdorferi (lyme disease) 3. Chlamydia pneumoniae (atherosclerosis) |
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X&V factors |
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h. influenzae |
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brazilian purpuric fever |
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H. aegyptius |
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Trench fever |
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Bartonella |
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cat bite cellulitis |
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pasteurella |
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Undulant fever |
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Brucella |
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Adenylate Cyclase toxin |
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1. vibrio cholera 2. bordetella (pertussis) |
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Whooping cough |
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bordetella pertussis |
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Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infections |
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pseudomona aeruginosa |
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Tularemia |
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Francisella |
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death by seafood |
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vibrio vulnificus |
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urea breath test |
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helicobacter pylori |
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trachoma |
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chlamydia trachomatis |
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migraines |
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helicobacter pylori |
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lipooligosaccharide (LOS) |
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Neisseria meningiditis |
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electrolyte replacement therapy |
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vibrio cholera |
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DOC is penicillin |
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treponema pallidium (syphilis) |
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never refrigerate! |
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Neisseria gonorhoeae |
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Only lactose-fermenting stool pathogen |
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e-coli O157 |
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Raw pork |
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Yersinnia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis |
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ineffective dose is 10-100 organisms |
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1. shigella 2. e-coli O157 |
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Mary Mallon |
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salmonella typhi |
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bubos |
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yersinia pestis |
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shiga toxin |
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1. shigella 2. e-coli O157 |
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grows at refrigerating temps |
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1. yersinia enterocolitica 2. yersinia pseudotuberculosis |
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transovarian transmission |
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salmonella OTT |
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most common cause of UTI |
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ecoli |
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hemolytic uremic syndrome |
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e-coli O157 |
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typhoid fever |
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salmonella typhi |
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rats and fleas |
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yersinia pestis |
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mimmics appendicitis |
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1. yersinia enterocolitica 2. yersinia pseudotuberculosis |
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raw eggs |
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salmonella OTT |
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bacillary dysentery |
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shigella |
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human is only reservoir |
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salmonella typhi |
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traveler's diarrhea |
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e-coli |
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pet turtles |
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salmonella OTT |
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sorbitol negative |
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E-coli O 157 |
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black death |
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yersinia pestis |
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most commonly isolated bug in lab |
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ecoli |