Micro Exam II – Flashcards
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| Tinsdale Agar- What's in it, and what grows on it? |
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| Cysteine Tellurite Blood Agar; DIPTHERIA |
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| Gamma hemolytic on blood agar; gram + bacillus; poly-D-glutamic capsule |
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| Bacillus Anthracis |
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| Likes cold; invades M-cells' Gram + Rod |
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| Listeria |
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| crosses placenta; caught from contaminated food; Actin tail for motility |
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| Listeria |
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| gram +, catalase - , normal gut flora; Adhesins; Group D antigen |
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| Enterococci |
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| Optochin resistant; bile resistant; PYR+; NO VIRULENCE FACTORS |
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| Enterococci |
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| gram +; Alpha hemolytic; damages ciliated epithelium |
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| Strep. Pneumoniae |
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| Rusty colored sputum; lancet-shaped; dissolves in bile; optochin sensitive |
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| Strep pneumoniae |
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| gram +, group B antigen, partially Beta hemolytic, CAMP +, MENINGITIS |
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| Strep Agalactiae |
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| Alpha hemolytic, gram +, catalase -, found on cavities, causes endocarditis and intraabdominal infections |
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| Strep Viridans |
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| Most important virulence factor is M-protein... |
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| Strep Pyogenes |
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| malar rash, sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue |
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| Strep Pyogenes- causing scarlet fever |
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| gram +, catalase -, coag -, sensitive to Bacitracin, Beta hemolytic |
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| Strep pyogenes |
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| Can be tested with ASO titres |
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| Strep pyogenes |
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| What is pyoderma? |
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| Deep, pus filled lesions in children, usually due to hygiene issues- strep pyogenes |
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| What is the main virulence factor of Staph Aureus and what does it do? |
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| Protein A; binds to the Fc portion of Ab, rendering them useless |
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| Most famous marker of MRSA? |
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| mecA |
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| Causes chronic middle ear infections in kids; is gram +, catalase +, coag - |
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| Alloicoecus otitidis |
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| gram +, catalase +, coag -, adheres to plastic (catheters), normal flora, NOVOBIOCIN SENSITIVE |
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| staph epidermidis |
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| gram +, catalase +, coag -, NOVOBIOCIN RESISTANT, causes UTI's |
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| Staph saprophyticus |
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| The phage mediated toxin of this bug inhibits protein synthesis; the bug is CLUB shaped, gram +, and catalase + |
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| Cornybacterium Diptheria |
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| Makes a thick gray PSEUDOmembrane and causes sore throat, exudative pharyngitis; complications can lead to myocarditis and neurotoxicity- tissue damage is caused by exotoxin |
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| Cornybacterium Diptheria |
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| BUZZ WORD: "brown halos around colonies" |
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| Diptheria |
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| BUZZ WORD: Large, dry colonies with IRREGULAR shapes and NO HEMOLYSIS |
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| Bacillus Anthracis |
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| BUZZ WORD: Profuse watery diarrhea after 6 hours |
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| Bacillus Cereus |
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| BUZZ WORD: from old rice at a Chinese buffet causing puking and diarrhea |
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| Bacillus Cereus |
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| BUZZ WORD: Forms VISIBLE CHAINS on microscopy |
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| Bacillus Anthracis |
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| BUZZ WORD: "tumbling", motile, extracellular |
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| Listeria |
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| BUZZ WORD: Cold Enrichment |
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| Listeria |
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| BUZZ WORD: Black pigment on Bile Esculin Agar |
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| Enterococci |
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| BUZZ WORD: Rusty Colored Sputum |
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| Strep Pneumoniae |
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| BUZZ WORD: Lancet-shaped |
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| Strep Pneumoniae |
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| BUZZ WORD: Quelling Reaction (swelling) with Ab against capsule |
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| Strep Pneumoniae |
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| BUZZ WORD: Sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue |
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| Scarlett Fever from Strep Pyogenes |
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| BUZZ WORD: Honey Crusted Lesions |
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| Strep Pyogenes- impetigo; Staph Aureus- impetigo |
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| BUZZ WORD: Grape-like clusters |
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| Staph Aureus |
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| BUZZ WORD: Scalded Skin |
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| Staph Aureus |
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| BUZZ WORD: Honeymoon Cystitis |
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| Staph Saprophyticus |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Bull Neck" |
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| Cornybacterium DIPTHERIA |
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| Thayer Martin Agar- coffee bean stain |
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| Neisseria GONORRHOEA |
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| List 6 virulence factors of Gonorrhoea |
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| Pilus, LOS, IgA Protease, por proteins, opa |
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| Which Neisseria metabolizes maltose? |
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| "Meningitidis Metabolizes Maltose" (Neisseria Meningitidis) |
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| What causes Waterhouse-friedrichsen Syndrome, and what is it's main symptom? |
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| Neisseria Meningitidis; Adrenal Hemmorhage |
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| Name two long-term effects of Neisseria Gonnorhea in Men, and two in Women: |
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| Men- prostatitis, epididymitis Women- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, sterility |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Currant Jelly" |
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| Klebsiella |
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| gram - rod, Lactose Fermenter, indole -, VERY THICK CAPSULE |
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| Klebsiella |
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| gram - rod, STD with PAINLESS genital ulcer |
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| Klebsiella Granulomatous |
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| BUZZ WORD: "undercooked hamburger; petting zoos" |
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| EHEC- 'hemorrhagic e. coli' |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Bricks" on microscopy |
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| EaggEC- Aggregative e. coli- |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Traveler's Diarrhea"; "Montezuma's Revenge" |
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| ETEC- |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Bloody Diarrhea with Leukocytes" |
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| EIEC- Invasive e. coli |
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| gram - rods; lactose fermenter; catalase +; has LPS |
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| e. coli |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Shiga-like toxins Stx 1, 2" |
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| EHEC- hemorrhagic e.coli |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Rose Spots" |
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| Typhoid Fever- Salmonella Typhi |
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| BUZZ WORD: Catch from peanut butter, or chickens |
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| Salmonella Enteritidis |
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| Sickle Cell anemia predisposes patients to what bug? |
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| Salmonella |
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| Lives in gall bladder, can be carried in gall bladder for a long time |
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| Salmonella Typhi |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Bloody diarrhea with mucous" in a gram - rod |
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| Shigella |
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| What does Shiga toxin do? |
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| Inhibits protein synthesis |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Children, daycare and schools" causing severe GI issues |
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| Shigella |
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| BUZZ WORD: "SWARMING" |
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| Proteus |
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| Causes UTI's, is mobile via flagella, has UREASE as a virulence factor: |
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| Proteus |
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| Increases urine pH, causes kidney stones |
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| Proteus |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Ground Glass" on buffered charcoal yeast |
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| Legionella Pneumophila |
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| Carried in Amoeba; makes biofilm |
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| Legionella Pneumophila |
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| Pontiac Fever is caused by... |
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| Legionella |
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| 5 gram negative bugs that together cause endocarditis |
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| HACEK- H. parainfluenzae; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; cardiobacterium hominis; eikenella corrodens; kingella |
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| STD with PAINFUL ULCERS- you cry with... |
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| Haemophilus Ducreyi |
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| gram - coccobacillus with Capsule, Adhesins, and Endotoxin |
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| Haemophilus |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Regan Lowe Agar" |
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| Pertussis |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Bordet Gengou" |
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| Pertussis |
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| Attaches to ciliated epithelium, has pertactin and hemagluttinin, gram - rods, coccobacillus |
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| Bordatello Pertussis |
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| What does pertussis toxin cause, and how? |
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| Increase in respiratory mucous; overproduction of cAMP |
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| What has tracheal cytotoxin and what does it cause? |
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| Cough, increase in IL-1, fever |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Rice Water Stools" |
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| Vibrio Cholerae |
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| What grows on TCBS agar? |
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| Vibrio Cholerae |
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| What color is TCBS agar and what color does cholerae turn it? |
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| Green; orange |
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| gram -, curved rod, oxidase +, salt-loving (halophilic), MARINE ORGANISMS |
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| VIBRIOs |
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| BUZZ WORD: "EXPLOSIVE watery diarrhea" in the context of shellfish |
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| Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Gulf Coast" or Oysters |
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| Vibrio Parahaemolyticus |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Salt water wounds" |
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| Vibrio Vulnificus |
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| Leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis: |
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| Campylobacter Jejuni |
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| Grows at/Loves 42 degrees Celsius |
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| Campylobacter Jejuni |
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| Associated with Guillain-Barre |
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| Campylobacter Jejuni |
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| Bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain- caused by ingestion of contaminated food, poultry, milk; gram - SPIRAL rod |
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| Campylobacter Jejuni |
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| "when I am young, I am a gram - spiral, when I am old I am a gram - bacillus..." |
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| Helicobacter pylori |
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| gram-, pleomorphic, contains urease, FASTIDIOUS |
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| Helicobacter pylori |
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| Hypochlorhydria and LOW STOMACH ACID are risk factors for |
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| H. pylori |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Grapelike Odor" |
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| Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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| gram - rod, oxidase +, grows green, has flagella AND pili, uses Type III injection system, has elastase, exotoxin A, is Antibiotic Resistant |
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| Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Burn wound infections" |
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| Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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| Alginate- lung infections- has biofilm |
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| Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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| Almost always found in patients with Cystic Fibrosis |
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| Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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| Causes Ventilator Pneumonia... |
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| Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Hot Tub Folliculitis" |
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| Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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| What is the action of Exotoxin A? |
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| Inhibits protein synthesis |
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| What is the action of elastase? |
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| Degrades elastin and collagen |
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| What is melioidosis, and what causes it? |
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| A spectrum of percutaneous (skin) and pulmonary (lung) infections caused by Burkholeria Pseudomallei |
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| Hallmarks are: Night Sweats, Productive Cough, and Weight Loss |
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| Tuberculosis |
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| Grows on Lowenstein Jensen agar |
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| Tuberculosis |
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| Acid fast, has lipoarabinomannan, grows super slowly, has mycolic acid |
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| Tuberculosis |
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| Name 4 drugs used to treat TB: |
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| Isoniazid, rifampin, ehambutol, pyrazinamide |
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| Ghon Complex on chest X-ray |
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| Tuberculosis |
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| BUZZ WORD: "Cheesy" caseation |
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| Tuberculosis |
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| What is the test for TB, and what can cause a false positive? |
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| PPD/Mantoux; previous exposure to BCG |
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| What stains with Ziehl Neelson? |
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| Tuberculosis |
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| BUZZ WORD: Serpiginous |
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| Mycobacterium |
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| BUZZ WORD: Mouse/armadillo foot pads |
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| Mycobacterium Leprae |
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| Hallmarks of TUBERCULOID leprosy: |
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| Vigorous immune response, ASSYMETRIC damage to nerves, ulnar claw, lack of sensation |
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| Hallmarks of LEPROMATOUS leprosy: |
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| Lots of organisms, EXTENSIVE SKIN INVOLVEMENT, SYMMETRICAL NERVE INVOLVEMENT, cooler temperatures (27-30 degrees), destruction of nasal cartilage |
