AP Human Geography "Thinking Geographically" – Flashcards
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Robinson Projection
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useful for displaying info across oceans; however, the disadvantage is that the area of land is much smaller.
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Projection
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system used to transfer locations from earth to a flat map
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Mercator Projection
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rectangular map, direction consistent, shape slightly distorted, poles are grossly distorted
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Time Zone
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15° bands of longitude and assigned to a standard time zone
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International Dateline
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an arc that follows 180° longitude, and is opposite the prime meridian, defining the days of the week
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Scale
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the relationship between the size on a map and the size on earth
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Toponym
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name given to a portion of earth's surface
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Site
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physical character of a place
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Situation
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location of a place relative to other places
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Distribution
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the arrangement of something across the Earth's surface
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Spatial Analysis
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the study of space in a location
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Diffusion
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the process or spread of a feature of trend from place to another over time
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Cartography
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the science of mapmaking
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Space-Time Compression
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the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems
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Stimulus Diffusion
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spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic is rejected
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Hierarchal Diffusion
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spread of a feature from one power to other persons or places
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Contagious Diffusion
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the spreading diffusion of a feature throughout a population
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Expansion Diffusion
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the spread of a feature among people from one area to another in a fast process
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Relocation Diffusion
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spread of features through physical movement of people from one place to another
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Hearth
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the region from which innovative ideas originate
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Density
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the frequency with which something exists within a given unit area
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Formal Region
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area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics
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Functional Region
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area organized around a node of focal point
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Vernacular Region
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area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
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Longitude
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numbering system to indicate the location of meridians
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Cultural Ecology
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geographic approach that emphasizes human environment relationships
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Environmental Determinism
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study of how the physical environment causes human activities
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Possibilism
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theory, environment limits human actions, but people have ability to adjust
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Uneven Development
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increasing gap in economic conditions as a result of globalization of the economy
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Distance Decay
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the less important or eventual disappearance of a phenomenon when increased difference from its origin
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Equator
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the parallel, designated at 0° latitude
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Prime Meridian
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the parallel, designated at 0° longitude
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Latitude
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numbering system to indicate locations of parallels
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GIS
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a computer that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data
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Remote Sensing
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the acquisition of data on earth's surface from satellites
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Culture
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a body of beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct tradition
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GPS
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system that determines the precise position of something on earth
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Agricultural Density
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total number of farmers to total amount land suitable for agriculture.
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Arithmetic Density
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The total number of people in an area divided by the total area. Used to compare distribution of population in different countries.
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Base Line
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An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.
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Concentration
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The spread of something over a given area. Concentric zone model A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
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Connections
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Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.
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Cultural Landscape
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the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape
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Globalization
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The trend toward increased cultural and economic interaction between people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world.
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GMT
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the local time at the 0 meridian passing through Greenwich, England
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.
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Location
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the geographical situation of people and things.
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Map
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an image representing parts of the earth's surface (or part of it)
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Mental Map
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maps that represent a mental image that someone has of place, even if they've never been.
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Meridian
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an imaginary great circle on the surface of the earth passing through the north and south poles at right angles to the equator
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Parallel
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an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator
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Pattern
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plan or create according to a model or models
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Physiological Density
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The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
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Place
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assign a location to
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Polder
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low-lying area from which seawater has been drained to create new farmland
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Principal Meridian
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A north-south line designated in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.
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Region
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Geographers catorgorize regions based on land population,history and climate
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Regional Studies
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An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phemona in a particular area study
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Resource
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A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.
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Sections
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Township squares are subdivided into these, each being one square mile, or 640 acres
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Space
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The physical gap or interval between two objects.
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Township
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an administrative division of a county
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Transnational Corporation
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A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.
