LOM Chapter 12 Review – Flashcards
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adenoids
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Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils
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alveolus (plural: alveoli)
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Air sac in the lung.
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apex of the lung
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tip or uppermost portion of the lung. An apex is the tip of a structure.
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base of the lung
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Lower portion of the lung; from the Greek basis, foundation. Basilar means pertaining to the base.
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bronchioles
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small tubes that branch off the bronchi that contain clusters of alveoli at each end.
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bronchus
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branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube
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carbon dioxide (CO2)
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Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs
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cilla
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short, hairlike structures that keep particles away from airways; main purpose: movement
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diaphram
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the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration
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expiration
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Breathing out (exhalation)
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glottis
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slit-like opening to the larynx
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hilum (of lung)
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Midline region where the bronchi, blood vesses, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.
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inspiration
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breathing in
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larynx
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voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
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lobe
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division of a lung
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mediastinum
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The part of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart and aorta and esophagus and trachea and thymus
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nares
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Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
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oxygen (o2)
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Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells
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palatine tonsil
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one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth)
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paranasal sinus
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one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
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parietal pleura
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Outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall.
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pharynx
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Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
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pluera
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double-folded membrane surrounding each lung
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pleural cavity
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space between the folds of the pleura
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pulmonary parenchyma
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Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli
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respiration
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the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation
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trachea
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windpipe that connects the larynx to the lungs
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visceral pleura
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inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue
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auscultation
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hearing sounds within the body through a stethoscope
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percussion
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tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath
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pleural rub
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scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
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rales(crackles)
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fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli
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rhonchi (singular: rhonchus)
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Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
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sputum
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material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting
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stridor
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high-pitched sound heard on inspiration(breathing in) ; upper-airway sound indicating partial obstruction of the trachea or larynx
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wheezes
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Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
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croup
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an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough
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diphtheria
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an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract , caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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epistaxis
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nosebleed
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pertussis
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whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis
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asthma
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chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production
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bronchiectasis
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chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection
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cronic bronchitis
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inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time
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cystic fybrosis
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inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respitory tract that do not drain normally
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atelectasis
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collapse of lung
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emphysema
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hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
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cor pulmonale
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right sided heart failure
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lung cancer
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Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchial tubes.
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non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
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90% of lung cancers:adenocarcinoma(from mucous secreating cells)squamous cell carcinoma(lining of bronchus)
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small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
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derives from small, round cells found in pulmonary epithelium. It grows rapidly early in its course and quickly spreads outside the lung.
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pneumoconiosis
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abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
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pneumonia
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acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
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pulmonary abscess
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a large collection of pus in the lungs
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pulmonary edema
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fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
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pulmonary embolism (PE)
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clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
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pulmonary fibrosis
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formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
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sarcoidosis
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chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
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tuberculosis (TB)
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a chronic bacterial disease, caused by myobacterium tuberculosis, that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys.
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mesothelioma
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Form of carcinoma of the mesothelium lining the lungs with exposure to asbestos dust
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pleural effusion
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accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity
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pleurisy (pleuritis)
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inflammation of pleura
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pneumothorax
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collection of air in the pleural space
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anthracosis
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Black Lung; a lung condition caused by inhalation of coal dust and silica
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lobar pneumonia
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pneumonia affecting one or more lobes of the lung
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exudate
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pus or secretion of pus
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hydrothorax
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Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity
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infiltrate
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collection of fluid or other material within a lung
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pallitive
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relieving symptoms but not effecting a cure
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paroxysmal
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pertaining to the sudden onset of an attack, symptoms, or emotion
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pulmonary infarction
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Area of dead tissue in the lung
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purulent
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containing pus
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silicosis
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Abnormal condition caused by silica or glass dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection and bronchitis.
