MCAT Chem 3/4 – Flashcards
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| H bond |
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| H bonded to F, O, or N |
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| Work on chemical system eqn |
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w=PΔV (constant pressure) |
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| Conduction-temperature difference is proportional to |
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| distance b/w 2 points |
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| Rate of heat flow... |
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| doesn't change when traveling thru line of materials placed b/w hot + cold reservoirs |
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| 1st Law of Thermodynamics |
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;E= q+w ; OR: q-w=;E |
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| Examples of state functions (ie don't change depending on path) |
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| U, T, P, V, H, S, G |
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| Examples of Path function (ie change according to path) |
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| work, heat |
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| K.E. avg= |
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| K.E. avg= 3/2 kT |
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| Enthalpy eqn |
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ΔH=ΔU+PΔV
(const. pressure, ΔU=internal E) |
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| Converting °C to °K |
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| Add 273 |
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| Heat (ΔH enthalpy) of rxn |
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| ΔH°rxn=ΔH°f products- ΔH°f rxtnts |
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| Label Fig. 1 on pg. 1 of notebook |
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| Exothermic rxn has _ Δenthalpy |
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| -ΔH |
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| Endothermic rxn has _ ΔH |
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| +ΔH |
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| Entropy increases w/ |
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| #, V, T |
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| ΔS of sys. + surroundings eqn |
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| ΔSsystem + ΔSsurroundings = ΔSuniverse≥0 |
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| ΔG Gibbs free energy eqn |
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ΔG= ΔH-TΔS (const. T & P rxns) |
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| ΔG from (+/-) ΔH & ΔS chart |
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ΔH ΔS ΔG (-) (+) → (-) (+) (-) → (+)
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| Heat is being __ if ΔH is (+) |
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| absorbed |
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| At Equilibrium, ΔG= |
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| 0 |
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| Bond broken, E is __. Bond formed, E is __ |
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| absorbed; released |
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| nitrite |
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| NO2- |
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| Nitrate |
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| NO3- |
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| sulfite |
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| SO32- |
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| Sulfate |
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| SO42- |
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| hypochlorite |
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| Cl0- |
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| chlorite |
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| Cl02- |
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| chlorate |
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| Cl03- |
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| perchlorate |
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| Cl04- |
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| carbonate |
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| CO32- |
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| bicarbonate |
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| HCO3- |
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| phosphate |
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| PO43- |
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| molarity eqn |
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| M= mols solt/ L soln |
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| molality |
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| m= mols solt/ kg solvent |
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| mole fraction |
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| x = mols solt/ mols solt + solvent |
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| mass % = |
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| mass %= mass solt/ mass soln X 100 |
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| ppm= |
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| ppm = mass solt/ mass soln X106 |
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| D = |
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| m/V=kg/L |
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| specific gravity = |
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| D substance/ D H2O |
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| Raoult's law (vapor press.) for nonvolatile solt |
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Pv = xa Pa ; (xa= mole fraction of liqd a; Pa= vapor press. of liqd a) |
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| vapor press. eqn for volatile solt addition |
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| Pv = xa Pa + xb Pb |
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| stronger bonds form in a soln when heat is... |
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| given off (exothermic) |
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| High ksp= __soluble |
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| more |
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| T increase, gas __ soluble |
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| less (e.g. soda can); nt: opposite for salts |
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| H2O boils at ___ ;C ; ___ torr |
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| 100;C ; 760 torr |
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| Volatile solt addition. If exothermic, Pv deviates... |
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| negatively from Raoult's law. |
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| Nonvolatile solt addition. Pv... |
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| decreases (b/c takes up space of surface molecules) |
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| Element in standard state @ 25 °C. ΔH=? |
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| 0 |
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| Heat engine is more efficient if temp of reservoirs are... |
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| more different |
