question

A measure of the quantity of matter is

answer

mass

question

The liter is defined as

answer

the SI standard base unit for volume

question

Quantative observtaions are recorded using

answer

numbers

question

The base unit for mass is the

answer

gram

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The abbreviation that represents a volume unit is

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cubic meters (C^3)

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The SI base unit for time is

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seconds

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The metric unit for length that is closet to the thickness of a dime is the

answer

millimeter

question

The abbreviation mm represents

answer

millimeter

question

The relationship between the mass of a material, its colume, and its denisty is

answer

D=m/v

question

Five darts strike near the center of the target. Whoever threw the darts is

answer

precise

question

To two significant figuresm the measurement 0.0255 g should be reported as

answer

.03

question

The number of significant figures in the measurement 170.040 km is

answer

five

question

The dimensions of a rectangular solid are measured to be 1.27 cm, 1.3 cm, and 2.5 cm. The volume should be recorded as

answer

4.1275 cm^3

question

Expressed in scientific notation, 0.0930 m is

answer

9.3 x 10^-2

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The law of conservation of mass follows from the concept that

answer

when elements react to form a compound, the total mass of the sum of the individual masses

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The law of definite proportions says

answer

a compound contains the same elements in exact same ratio in mass regardless of sample size

question

In a cathode tube, electrical current passes from one electrode, the ________, to the oppositely charged electrode.

answer

cathode

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Experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the

answer

proton

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Who explained the behavior of positively charged particles being deflected from a metal foil as the nucleus?

answer

Rutherford

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In the gold foil experiment, most of the partiles fired at the foil

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were not deflected at all

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The gold foil experiment led to the discovery of the

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nucleus

question

What did Rutherford conclude about the structure of the atom?

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The atom has a central positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons

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A nuclear particle that has about the same mass as a proton, but with no electrical charge, is called a(n)

answer

neutron

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The mass of a neutron is

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slightly larger than that of a proton

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The nucleus of most atoms is composed of

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protons and neutrons

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An aluminum isotope consists of 13 protons, 13 electrons, and 14 neutrons. Its mass number is

answer

27

(add # of protons and neutrons)

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Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different

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numbers of neutrons

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Isotopes of an element contain different numbers of

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neutrons

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When the light from excited atoms of an element is passed through a prism, the distinct colored lines produced are called

answer

the electromagnetic spectrum

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Bohr's theory helped explain why

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excited hydrogen gas gives off ceratain colors of light

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According to Bohr's atomic theory, an excited atom would

answer

radiate energy

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If electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies, the electrons are in their

answer

ground state

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For an electron in an atom to change from the ground state to an excited state

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it must absorb energy and one or more electrons must move to a higher electron shell

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Most of the volume of an atom is occupied bu the

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nucleus

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The main energy levels of an atom are indicated by the

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principle quantum number

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The letter designations for the first four sublevels with the number of electrons that can be accommidated in each sublevel are

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1s, 3p, 5d, and 7f

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The number of orbitals for the d sublevel is

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five

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The statement that an electron occupies the lowest available energy orbital is

answer

the Aufbau Principle

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"Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin" is a statement of

answer

Hund's Rule

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Two electrons in the 1s orbital must have different spin quantum numbers to satisfy

answer

the Pauli Exclusion Principle

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The sequence in which energy sublevels are filled is specified by

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the Aufbau Principle

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Mendeleev is credited with developing the first successful

answer

periodic table

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The principle that states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers is

answer

the periodic law

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The periodic law states that

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all chemical elements have similar properties but can change by increasing the atomic number

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Elements in the same group have similar

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properties

question

To which group of the periodic table do Lithium and Potassium belong?

answer

Alkali Metals

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To which group of the periodic table do Fluorine and Chlorine belong?

answer

Halogens

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The outer electron configuration of an Alkali metal has

answer

seven electrons

question

The elements in group 17 are known by what name?

answer

Halogens

question

Trends in the properties of elements in a group or period can be explained in terms of

answer

periodic law

question

The effect of inner electrons on the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons of an atom is called

answer

shielding

question

One method of measuring the size of an atom involves calculating a value that is _______ the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.

answer

half

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Going down a group in the periodic table, electron shielding generally causes the effective nuclear charge to

answer

decrease

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Going across a period in the periodic table, electron shielding generally has little effect. As a result, the effective nuclear charge

answer

increases

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An anion

answer

is an ion with a negative charge

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When the octet rule is satisfied, the outermost _____ are filled.

answer

s and p orbitals

question

The elements of the _________ group satisfy the octet rule without forming compounds.

answer

Noble Gas

question

Once an atom has full s and p orbitals in its outermost energy level,

answer

it has a stable octet and is unreactive

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