HD 101 Tingle All Quizzes - Flashcards

question

Specify the emergent theory:

answer

sociocultural theory

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An organism's entire genetic inheritance is referred to as its:

answer

genotype

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About eight weeks after conception, the embryo:

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has nostrils and toes

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Evidence for the influence of nature on homosexuality indicates that:

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children raised by homosexual couples have the same rate of homosexuality as children raised by heterosexuals

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Piaget calls the most advanced stage of cognitive development:

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formal operational

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If a scientist wanted to use scientific observation to see how frequently school children share food at lunch, she could:

answer

watch the children from an unobtrusive spot in the school lunchroom

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What did Harlow notice in monkeys that led him to question psychoanalytic and learning theories?

answer

They showed a stronger attachment to their cloth mothers than to their bottles

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A manner of studying human development takes into account every moment of life is referred to as the:

answer

dynamic-systems theory

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Freud would agree that:

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how conflicts over weaning, toilet training, and sexual curiosity are resolved determine an individual's personality

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Evidence for the influence of nature on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) indicates that:

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ADHD children are usually boys

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If a group of people have the same ancestors, religion, and language, they are said to be part of the same:

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ethnic group

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The scientist who first demonstrated classical conditioning was:

answer

Ivan Pavlov

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Emil was taught as a child to surrender his chair to the elderly if there were an insufficient number of chairs in a room. His action demonstrates:

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sociocultural theory

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Research on people growing up in one historical time period might not apply to people growing up in another time because of

answer

cultural differences

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The Apgar is used one minute and five minutes after birth to:

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determine whether the newborn needs immediate medical care

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Phenotype refers to:

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the actual expression of traits

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The study of human development is empirical, meaning that it is:

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based on actual facts

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Kelly attends class for children with special needs. He is mosaic in that:

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he has some cells containing exactly 46 chromosomes and other cells containing more than 46 chromosomes

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In the first few hours after conception, the zygote('s):

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chromosomes duplicate and the split, forming two identical calls, then four, and so on

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A baby places all new objects into her mouth. However, after she places a shiny object into her mouth and it hurts her tongue, she no longer places shiny objects into her mouth. Piaget would say that the child has:

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experienced accommodation

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The science of teratology can best be compared with:

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insurance, because it deals with risk analysis

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Development occurs because of an interaction between biological and environmental forces. This statement most closely describes:

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epigenetic theory

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Identify a problem associated with cross-sectional research:

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Differences may be due to cohort differences instead of age

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Within the ecological-systems approach, the customs of the society, as well as the economic and political philosophies of the nation, are all a part of the:

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macrosystem

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In an experiment, the independent variable is:

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what the researchers are manipulating.

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The first step in the scientific method involves:

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posing a question

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The study of human development may best be described as an attempt to understand:

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how and why people change and stay the same across the lifespan

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Full-term pregnancies that are determined at the time of conception last:

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38 weeks

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When people belong to different cohorts, they differ in:

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age group or generation

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An example of guided participation is:

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an older child working together with a younger child to build a sand castle

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Imagine you and your friend are having a discussion about politics. Your friend makes an argument that puts your views into disequilibrium. If you respond by believing that your friend is simply uninformed or dumb, Piaget would say that you have ____ your friend's argument.

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assimilated

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Suppose a particular couple has a 50/50 chance of having a child with a lifelong, painful disease that will require expensive medical care. Who makes the decision about whether the couple tries to conceive?

answer

the couple

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Fraternal twins usually result from:

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two ova that were fertilized at about the same time

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According to Freud, individuals' lifelong patterns of behavior are determined by:

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how they experience and resolve psychosexual conflicts

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Zeke is reviewing a research study design for a co-worker. In it, he discovers a procedure that is questionable in terms of participant safety. For guidance, he turns to his academic discipline's:

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code of ethics

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A characteristic of grand theories includes:

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comprehensiveness

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Couples at high risk for conceiving children with serious genetic disorders

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often prefer to hear good news, and would prefer not to hear the bad news

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Approximately what percentage of zygotes successfully become implanted?

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40 percent

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Debra is an obstetrical nurse who is administering the Apgar. Which reaction should be rated as a 2?

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coughing or sneezing

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A behavior by a researcher that would be considered unethical is:

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changing the date a support the hypothesis

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Withing the exological-systems approach, the connections among the various microsystems are part of the:

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mesosystem

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To understand levels of human development, Urie Bronfenbrenner advocated a(n):

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ecological-systems approach.

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The development of alcoholism is affected by:

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biochemical make-up

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Researchers have an ethical obligation to:

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choose topics of study that are of major importance to society

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Piaget's theory of development focused primarily on:

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how our thinking changes as we grow older.

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Indicate the hypotheses that psychoanalytic theory and behaviorism agreed upon before Harlow's research:

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Infants' attachments to their mother result from the fact that their mothers feed them

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The sperm and ovum are:

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gametes

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A researcher interested in making a multicultural comparison would be most likely to compare which of the following?

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Australians and Canadians

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Greta carries the fragile-X chromosomes. This means that she:

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might be normal or mentally retarded

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Pregnant women who are HIV-positive:

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can reduce the risk of infecting their fetus by taking antiretroviral drugs

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Jan is a psychologist with a strong interest in attachment and ethology. What is likelyto be the title of her newest study?

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"Why attachment is necessary for survival"

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The effects of nurture begin at:

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conception

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The newest developmental theory, the epigenetic theory, emphasizes:

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how genetics and environment interact

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Identify the accurate statement about theories in the field of human development:

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Theories generate future discoveries

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The variable most associated with decreased alcohol consumption during pregnancy is:

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marriage

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You can be a carrier of a recessive gene as part of your:

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genotype

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Developmentalists' current thinking ont he nature-nurture controversy is best reflected by the idea that:

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the interaction between nature and nurture is crucial to the production of every trait

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The ethical obligations a research study:

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continue until it is replicated

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Cohort refers to a group of people who:

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are born within a few years of one another

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The psychosocial stage that occurs at the same time as Freud's anal stage is:

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autonomy vs. shame and doubt

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The placenta:

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surrounds and protects the developing organism

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The critical factor in attaining the age of viability is:

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having adequate brain development

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The germinal period ends approximately:

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two weeks after conception

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The molecular basis of heredity is:

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DNA

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Postpartum depression is partly influenced by:

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the mother's beliefs about her ability to care for her infant.

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People with Down syndrome:

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have a third chromosome in the 21st pair.

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Alcoholism is caused by:

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genetic and environmental factors

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Lung expansion and contraction, maturation of the heart, and weight game of about 4 1/2 pounds occur in the:

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third trimester

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Infants born more than three weeks early are called:

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preterm

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Pat and Jeff witnessed the same traffic accident. When interviewed by the police about the details of the crash, their observations were very different even though they were standing together on the sidewalk watching when it occurred. Why?

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Pat and Jeff perceive different affordances.

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"Becoming used to an experience after repeated exposure to it, as when infants hear the same sound or see the same picture again and again until they seem to lose interest," defines:

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habituation

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Identify the ACCURATE statement:

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With goal-directed behavior, children will initiate motor activities to fulfill their own needs.

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Untreated protein-calorie malnutrition in infancy will eventually result in:

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sickness and perhaps death

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Identify the accurate statement:

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In the final stage of sensorimotor intelligence, toddlers begin to anticipate and solve simple problems by using mental combinations.

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When a baby is upset because a caregiver is leaving, the baby is exhibiting:

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separation anxiety

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Trent is an infant who lacks many of the new toys and videos that promote brain development. He spends much of his day in a play pen with kitchen items for toys, listening to his grandmother sing while his mother works outside the home. Given his situation, Trent's brain development will most lie=kely:

answer

proceed normally due to the self-righting tendency.

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A theory of child rearing that is embedded in culture of ethnicity is:

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an ethnotheory

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Piaget believed children begin to develop cognitively at:

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birth

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Karen has asthma, as do one of her brothers and her mother. To reduce the risk of asthma for her newborn, she should:

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breast-feed exclusively for six months or more.

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That genes affect motor skill is shown by the fact that:

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identical twins are likely to master skills at the same time.

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Results of a major study conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) confirmed that the main determinant of child development is the:

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mother's warmth and responsiveness

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When playing with their children, fathers are more likely than mothers to:

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engage in physical play

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"Constitutionally based individual differences in emotions, activity, and self-control" would be a useful and appropriate definition of:

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temperament

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Unusual swelling of a toddler's face and abdomen and thin, colorless hair are symptoms of:

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kwashiorkor

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The Piagetian sensorimotor stage that involves the infant's responses to objects and people is in:

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stage three

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If you teach a 3-month-old how to move a mobile over the crib, you would expect the baby to forget if retested after:

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two weeks

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After proliferation and neural pruning occurs, the type of brain experiences which occur are typically:

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experience-dependent

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Benjamin Spock's book on child-rearing recommended which position for sleeping babies?

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on the stomach

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SIDS rates in the United States are:

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declining rapidly

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According to Piaget, the essence of intelligence is:

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adaptation

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A crucial aspect of synchrony:

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mutual interaction

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Geoffrey enjoys spending time with his 1-year-old son. Compared with his wife, Geoffrey's interaction to their son is likely to be:

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more playful

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A toddler experimentally varies the way she handles a ball—first squeezing it, then throwing it—to learn what effect each variation has. This child is demonstrating:

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tertiary circular reactions

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One-year-old Amy's mother has been struggling with postpartum depression since Amy's birth. Given this situation, Amy is at risk for developing which type of attachment?

answer

insecure-resistant/avoidant

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During sensorimotor stage two, an infant:

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begins to adapt reflexes to the environment

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Who stated that parents determine whether a child "is to grow into a happy person, an anger-driven, vindictive, over-bearing slave driver, or one whose every move in life is definitely controlled by fear"?

answer

Watson

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A child fixated in the oral stage may become an adult who:

answer

eats excessively

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When one-month-old Lily is held upright with her feet touching a flat surface, she should:

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move her legs as if to walk

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Infants in day care were found to be more cooperative in settings:

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that maintained a 5:2 ratio of infants to adults

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The biological protection of the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects body growth is known as:

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head-sparing

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According to dynamic perception, 1-year-old Diane would most prefer to look at:

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a mobile spinning over her head

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The part of the brain that seems to be devoted to perceiving faces is the:

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fusiform face area

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Research has found that "baby talk" is:

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characterized by a high pitch, simple vocabulary, and short sentences

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Most infants are able to crawl on the bellies by age:

answer

4 to 6 months

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Regina is irregular, disturbed easily, unhappy, hard to distract, and emotionally tense. The NYLS researchers would say that Regina is:

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difficult

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In the process of TRANSIENT EXUBERANCE, a great brain growth is seen, especially in the area of the:

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dendrites

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I like to make popcorn because I like the noise, I enjoy the taste, and it makes me think of seeing a movie. For me, popcorn has many:

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affordances

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The process of getting used to an object or event through repeated exposure to its is referred to as:

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habituation

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Approximately what percentage of 1 year olds are in regularly scheduled nonmaternal care in the United States?

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50

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That objects continue to exist when they cannot be seen is:

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object permanence

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Elaine communicates with her new baby in child-directed speech also known as:

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motherese

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The neonate's vision:

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is clearest when objects are 4 to 30 inches away

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Children have a limited sense of self in their early month, as is shown by their:

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lack of awareness of their own bodies as being theirs

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In deciding how to feed a baby, a mother should consider that:

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breast milk contains antibodies that provide some protection against disease

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Early weight gain is mainly:

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increase in fat

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Approximately ____ children were born between 1950 and the year 2005, according to textbook supposition:

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8 billion

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The cortex:

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is the location of most feeling and sensing

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The average North American newborn measures:

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20 inches (51 cm)

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An increased level of cortisol is associated with an infant's:

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sadness

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A preschooler's approach to the world is often dictated more by their own subjective views of the world than by the world's reality.

answer

True

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Mrs. Suttman helps her 2-year-old daughter count blocks and measure teaspoons of cocoa. Mrs. Suttman is providing:

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scaffolding and structure

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The average 6-year-old from a developed nation weighs between:

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40-50 pounds

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The theory of development that would most likely include a discussion of the concept of androgyny is:

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sociocultural theory

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For quite a while, developmentalists overestimated children's thinking skills

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False

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When children hear a new word in a familiar context, they can simply add the word to the general category without fully understanding the word. This is called:

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fast mapping

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Children who are able to control their frustrations and impatience are most likely:

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positively nurtured

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The major nutritional problem in early childhood is insufficient intake of iron, zinc, and calcium.

answer

True

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Aggression used to obtain or retain a toy or other object is called:

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instrumental aggression

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The final choice available to child-care specialists in cases of child abuse is:

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adoption

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The Electra complex is characterized by:

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sexual feelings towards the father

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The ethnic group from which children tend to be tallest is:

answer

Africans

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To prevent tooth decay, the most important thing parents can do is ensure that their children:

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don't eat too much sugar

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An example of a tertiary prevention is:

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taking a child away from parents who have repeatedly abused her

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An excellent early childhood program would have:

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a staff trained in early childhood education

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Parents who set limits, enforce rules, and listen receptively to their children are exhibiting the:

answer

authoritative pattern of parenting

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The goal in dealing with child maltreatment is to:

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stop it before it begins

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To successfully resolve the Oedipus complex, the child must:

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strive to be like the father

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Using logical principles is a characteristic of:

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operational thought

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Myelination:

answer

speeds up the transmission of neural impulses

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Overregularization is actually a sign of verbal sophistication.

answer

True

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The process of learning to think by having social experiences and by exploration is called guided participation.

answer

True

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When do 2-year-olds typically need direct supervision?

answer

They need supervision almost every waking moment

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"Our traits and behaviors are the result of interaction between genes and early experience" is the textbook quote for the ______ theory of childhood development.

answer

epigentic

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Adoption is generally better than foster care for maltreated children

answer

True

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Ryan suffered a brain injury as a result of an automobile accident. His ability to speak and the process language were severely affected. His injury was to the:

answer

left side of the brain

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By age 6, the average child knows:

answer

more than 10,000 words

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One thing bullies and their victims have in common is:

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inadequate emotional regulation

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One difference between shame and guilt is that:

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guild comes from within the child

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Centration is an obstacle to developing logical operations.

answer

True

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An example of kinship care is:

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Eric and Sherral provide faster care for their neglected nephew.

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The members of the city council want to provide play areas especially designed to improve the gross motor skills of preschoolers. A major factor to consider in their designs should be:

answer

safety precautions to prevent accidents

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The view of development that asserts that girls tend to be more responsive to language than boys is:

answer

epigenetic theory

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The area of the brain that is crucial in expressing and regulating emotions is the:

answer

limbic system

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The idea that children tend to focus on only one aspect of a problem is called:

answer

centration

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In contemporary society, faster care generally means:

answer

children's removal from the original parents

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When Professor Berger's daughters said, "When I grow up, I'm going to marry Daddy," that was an example of:

answer

the Electra complex

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Preoperational intelligence differs from sensorimotor intelligence in that preoperational intelligence:

answer

goes beyond sense and motor skills

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An example of antisocial behavior is:

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Mark intentionally knocks over Simon's blocks

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The Reggio-Emilia early-childhood program focuses on:

answer

master of skills not typically accomplished until age 7

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Jason and Liz are unresponsive and emotionally detached parents, regretful for having children in the first place. Their three young children will likely develop into:

answer

seriously disturbed and antisocial adults

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Daryl has a ball of Silly Putty. His 6-year-old son, John, watches as Daryl flattens the Silly Putty into a thin "pancake." When Daryl asks John if there is now more Silly Putty, John replies, "Yes." Piaget would say that John has:

answer

not mastered the concept of conservation

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Low-income children are given preschool education through:

answer

Head Start

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A mistreated child who is startled at any noise and is continually looking around to see who is coming up to them is showing symptoms of:

answer

PTSD

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Researchers who would best explain the concept of mental set are:

answer

cognitive theorists

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Most American children develop traditional gender-role beliefs, asuch as that girls "become nurses," by what age?

answer

4

question

Child neglect is a type of child maltreatment.

answer

True

question

Behaviorist theorists believe that children learn their gender behavior by:

answer

observing others.

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Spotting warning signs of abuse, such as slow weight gain and insecure disorganized attachment, is associated with:

answer

secondary prevention

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Allie's mother likes to spend her days staying home, watching television and talking on the phone. At five, Allie has had little experience outside the home. Allie's learning will be:

answer

less than that of other children because of her limited exposure to the outside world.

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The main reason 11-year-olds are better thinkers than 7-year-olds is because:

answer

they have better retrieval strategies and analysis

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The autistic-like category which is sometimes called high-functioning autism is known as Asperger syndrome.

answer

True

question

Joey lives in a very stressful, chaotic home where he sometimes witnesses his mother being physically abused. Joey's problems may be overcome by:

answer

being actively involved in his church

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School-age children would most admire:

answer

Marla, who was punished for not telling who threw a paper airplane

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According to Erikson, if 9-year-old Anita is successful in solving her psychosocial conflict, she should be developing a view of herself as:

answer

industrious

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The best way to help autistic children is to provide:

answer

early, preventative intervention for their language difficulties

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Research shows that a child is most likely to be a victim of bullying if the child is:

answer

withdrawn-rejected

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Aggression, anxiety, Asperger syndrome, depression, attention-deficit disorder, and attachment disorder are all diagnoses which describe a(n):

answer

biological anomaly

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The changes made in traffic patterns in Atlanta, Georgia, for the Summer Olympics represented an unexpected ______ level of prevention for asthma.

answer

primary

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Sara has an IQ of 90, and Chuck's IQ is 114. Sara would be classified as ______ and Chuck as ______.

answer

average; average

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Relational aggression includes hitting and shoving other children.

answer

False.

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Child psychologists agree that drugs are:

answer

both underused and overused with treating children with ADHD

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In their learning and problem-solving abilities, school-age children differ from preschoolers in that they:

answer

can evaluate their own progress

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Family structure determines how well the family will function.

answer

False

question

Chronic inflammation of the airways is diagnosed as:

answer

asthma

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Individuals with Asperger syndrome:

answer

function better than most autistics

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The "peer group" is a term that refers to a specific club or group

answer

False

question

Asthma is a disorder caused by ___ of the airways

answer

inflammation

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In a sample of 100 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, more boys than girls will be diagnosed with the disorder.

answer

True

question

Kohlberg measured mortality by:

answer

analyzing how people reason about what is right and wrong.

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Developmental psychopathology has given us the following lesson applicable to all children:

answer

Abnormality is normal.

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The crucial question regarding family structure is:

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Whatever the structure, does it fulfill the five essential functions for school-age children?

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The child who weathers severe family problems, even abuse, and somehow has remained unscathed in the process is termed as:

answer

resilient

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The "law and order" stage is listed under the conventional moral reasoning level in Kohlberg's moral reasoning system.

answer

True

question

Children who attempt to right themselves in the face of adversity need:

answer

to connect with at least one supportive adult

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David is excitable, impulsive, and very active in addition to having difficulty concentrating. He probably has:

answer

ADHD

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When children are able to understand social interactions, including the causes and consequences of behavior, they have acquired a measure of:

answer

social cognition

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Joseph's parents experience little or no conflict, are satisfied with their lives, and support each other in their parenting. They are demonstrating:

answer

a parental alliance

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As far as physical ailments are concerned, the age range in which humans are the healthiest is:

answer

7 to 11 years

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Childhood obesity is made more complicated by:

answer

the interaction of genes and the environment

question

Piaget underestimated the influence of ____ in understanding cognitive development in children.

answer

culture

question

In the rankings on math achievement (TIMSS), which of the countries scored LOWEST?

answer

Iran

question

The process of organizing things into groups according to some property they have in common is known as identity.

answer

False

question

Being overweight means having a body mass index (BMI) in the ______ percentile of growth charts; whereas obese means having a BMI in the ______ percentile.

answer

85th; 95th

question

The whole-language approach focuses on drilling children on letter sounds before learning words.

answer

False

question

The evidence supporting the view that class size affects learning is mainly correlational.

answer

True

question

The period of latency is a time of suppressed emotional drives and submerged unconscious conflicts.

answer

True

question

Ten-year old Mary caught Anne, her best friend, lying to her own mom. Mary will probably:

answer

keep quiet about it.

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Grace always walked to school with her older sister and rode the school bus home after kindergarten. When the bus wasn't running, her sister said that they would walk home. "But I don't know how to walk home!" Grace exclaimed. She does not yet understand reversibility.

answer

True

question

Amy and Adam are 9-year-old fraternal twins whose parents scream and fight constantly. Amidst the turmoil, Amy has had nightmares and Adam has been experiencing stomachaches. What is the likely reason for their distress?

answer

They are blaming themselves for their parent's conflict.

question

The disorder mentioned in the text that affects only girls is:

answer

Rhett syndrome

question

Carla is usually good because she is afraid that she will be punished if she isn't. Carla is in which level of Kohlberg's view of moral development?

answer

preconcentional

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Sonja is studying for an exam while her roommate is talking to her boyfriend on the phone. Sonja cannot concentrate on her books because she is unable to use:

answer

selective attention

question

The weight at which a child is considered obese is the same for all children of the same age.

answer

False

question

Madison's parents suspects she might have dyslexia so they have scheduled her for the one test that can accurately diagnose it.

answer

False

question

April is tested on her mastery of college chemistry. She is taking a(n):

answer

achievement test

question

The peer group usually provides:

answer

self-validation

question

Time in school spent devoted to physical education and recess has declined to increase time spent for reading and math.

answer

True

question

The No Child Left Behind Act mandates state standards for reading and math.

answer

False

question

The memory system in which signals are held for less than a second, yet long enough for one to process them further, if so desired is:

answer

the sensory memory

question

Peer pressure:

answer

involves the desire to conform to one's friends or contemporaries

question

Andre constantly thinks about himself and how others perceive him. He is most likely 14-17 years of age.

answer

False

question

In adolescence, analytical thinking is sometimes overshadowed by intuitive thinking because:

answer

analytical thinking is more complex

question

Imelda, a 15-year-old high school sophomore, has many interests, enjoys "re-inventing" herself often, and quickly picks up on the latest dances and fashions. The ease in which she learns and changes is attributed to:

answer

the unfinished dendrite pruning in the prefrontal cortex

question

Babies of teenagers have a higher risk of birth complications.

answer

True

question

Identity refers to:

answer

a consistent definition of the self as a unique individual

question

The difference between the egocentrism of adolescents and that of preoperational children is:

answer

a well-developed theory of mind in adolescence.

question

Teaching students about contraception increases adolescent sexual activity.

answer

False

question

In general, adolescent egocentrism refers to which of the following?

answer

the view that one is noticed by everyone

question

Because Cassie is 15 years old, she most likely needs more:

answer

iron

question

The type of thought supported by a "feeling" that a belief is right is referred to as:

answer

intuitive thought

question

Parent-child arguments during the teen years indicate:

answer

children's desire to make their own decisions

question

Ideally, the best sex educators are:

answer

parents

question

Identify the true statement about the association between high school size and student involvement.

answer

The larger the school, the LESS involved individual students are.

question

Janet and Carlos are both in their growth spurt. If they are typical of their sex, compared with Carlos, Janet will:

answer

have a higher proportion of body fat

question

The link between logic and emotion is often ignored in the formal high school curriculum, an omission leading to low motivation.

answer

True

question

Arrests are more likely to occur among adolescents who are:

answer

European Americans rather than Asian Americans

question

The changes in puberty are initiated by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.

answer

True

question

Identify the adolescent who appears to be experiencing identity diffusion.

answer

Zachary, who spends most of his time hanging out and seems apathetic about life

question

Teenage heroism can be attributed in part to the invincibility fable.

answer

True

question

The 1o-year-old girl that will probably experience menarche first is:

answer

Amanda, who is sedentary and watches a lot of television.

question

A teenager who can use hypothetical thinking will tend to:

answer

reflect about serious issues

question

According to the text, in healthy children, puberty typically begins at age ______ for girls and at age ______ for boys.

answer

9; 9 1/2

question

Anthony has an older sister and brother. We can expect his conflict with his parents to:

answer

occur earlier, following his siblings' examples.

question

It appears that the timing of menarche is related to the accumulation of a certain amount of body fat, which is why tall, thin, athletic girls generally menstruate later than other girls do.

answer

True

question

As adolescents develop their capacity for hypothetical thinking, they become more capable of deductive reasoning.

answer

True

question

Nearly all life-course-persistent offenders are antisocial as early as preschool.

answer

True

question

Because puberty began at young ages middle schools were created.

answer

True

question

Most teens are fairly satisfied with their physical appearance.

answer

False

question

Does the ability to use deductive reasoning tend to develop at the same time as the ability to use inductive reasoning?

answer

No, deductive reasoning tends to develop LATER than inductive reasoning.

question

Life-course-persistent offenders share:

answer

an adverse childhood

question

According to Erikson, the ultimate psychosocial goal is identity achievement.

answer

True

question

Pressure to conform to one's friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude is referred to as:

answer

peer pressure

question

The hormone that causes gonads to increase dramatically the production of estrogen and testosterone is:

answer

GnRH

question

The first step in the process of self-definition involves:

answer

establishing consistency of emotions, attitudes, beliefs, and aspirations

question

Large high schools are economical and they:

answer

do not increase student learning

question

Cliques and crowds provide adolescents with social:

answer

control and social support

question

Each morning Jessica carefully selects the clothes she will wear to school that day. Though she values academics, because she does not want to be identified as a nerd she wears current trends. She is trying to fit in with the:

answer

crowd

question

An adolescent's statement that, "But, Mother, you just don't understand; nobody understands!" is indicative of:

answer

adolescent egocentrism

question

Most adolescent criminals have no more than one serious brush with the law

answer

True

question

Klaczynski's studies of adolescents' analytical thinking used the story of Timothy, a good-looking, strong high school senior. Identify the statement that is MOST likely to be true about Timothy.

answer

Timothy is a teacher's pet

question

The growth spurt typically occurs during puberty in the following order:

answer

weight, height, muscle

question

The need to establish ethnic identity arises in early adolescence, continuing to evolve for years.

answer

True

question

During puberty, girls' estradoil production increases up to eight times as much as it was during childhood.

answer

True

question

The fantasies, preoccupations, and impulses of puberty are shaped by:

answer

the social context

question

Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents:

answer

have few commitments to goals or values and fail to take on any role

question

Underlying the problems of high-stakes testing, low motivation, and increased violence in high schools may be the:

answer

often-ignored link between logic and emotion in the curriculum.

question

An adolescence-limited offender is someone who:

answer

stops committing crimes by age 21

question

Rachel and Matt are in their first year of middle school. Academically, we can expect their achievement to:

answer

slow down

question

The peer group can be particularly helpful for adolescents whose parents are:

answer

recent immigrants

question

A body mass index between ___ and ___ is considered normal.

answer

19; 25

question

Adults need to be cognitively flexible to overcome stereotypes and stereotype threat.

answer

True

question

Heterogamy refers to marriage between two people of:

answer

dissimilar ethnicities, interests, attitudes, and religion.

question

Throughout the world, the most likely time in person's life for mental illness is:

answer

emerging adulthood

question

The psychometric approach to cognition emphasizes:

answer

components of intelligence as measured by IQ tests

question

The cognitive growth of adults is:

answer

proceeds at various levels

question

Does adult thinking utilize both objective and subjective thought?

answer

Yes, it combines objective and subjective thought.

question

An example of homeostasis is the:

answer

increase in heart rate and breather that occurs during physical exertion

question

Intimacy is best defined as:

answer

affiliation

question

Passion is fueled in part by:

answer

uncertainty and risk

question

Emerging adults between the ages of 18-25 are known as "Generation X."

answer

False

question

Hal is 45 years old and his brother is 43. When asked to identify their gender, they both immediately said, "male." To the same question, their 41-year-old sister replied, "female." If Hal's 19-year-old son was asked the same question, the likely response would be:

answer

both

question

Chronological age is an acurate marker of level of adult cognition.

answer

False

question

When the absence of a drug creates a craving to satisfy a physiological or psychological need, that is a sign of drug:

answer

addiction

question

Jim and Margaret have been married for 35 years. They feel no passion and share few feelings. Sternberg would say that they have which type of love?

answer

empty

question

In terms of biosocial development, the beginning of adulthood was previously considered to be

answer

age 18 or 21

question

Generally, cohabiting young adults:

answer

are more likely to have physical abuse in the relationship than are married

question

Dylan was well-aware of his family history of alcoholism, and the dangers of binge drinking in particular were covered in his high school. Yet as an emerging adult, he very often drinks heavily. He is exhibiting the logical error known as:

answer

delay discounting

question

Females tend to be more vulnerable for developing schizophrenia than males

answer

False

question

Obesity is an eating disorder

answer

True

question

The Defining Issues Test (DIT) was developed by:

answer

Rest

question

Which is associated with passionate love?

answer

a new relationship

question

A large university is attempting to reduce student alcohol and nicotine use. A survey was distributed to all students, and the results were published in the student newspaper. Fewer students than anticipated drank and smoked, much to many students' surprise. The university conducted this research using:

answer

the social norms approach

question

According to Erikson, young adults first face which of the following crises?

answer

intimacy vs. isolation

question

Young men are more likely to die violently than young women because:

answer

testosterone is associated with impulsive and angry reactions.

question

Aggression may be the result of an "explosive combination" of low self-esteem and dashed expectations.

answer

False

question

Th most advanced cognitive process is:

answer

dialectical thought

question

The critical intellectual accomplishment of emerging adulthood is:

answer

combining emotion and logic.

question

Intimate terrorism refers to abuse in which one or both partners engage in outbursts of verbal and physical attack.

answer

False

question

Erikson believes that a healthy intimacy in marriage is more likely to emerge when:

answer

bother partners have already established a sense of identity.

question

Two factors that tend to maintain good exercise habits beyond emerging adulthood include:

answer

friendship and communities designed for activity

question

Favoring what feels right over what makes intellectual sense is typical of ____ faith

answer

synthetic-conventional

question

Which of the following is a true statement about bulimia nervosa?

answer

It can cause cardiac arrest and severe damage to the gastrointestinal system.

question

Michael was diagnosed with schizophrenia at the age of 20. When his doctor tried to piece together possible reasons for his illness, he discovered that:

answer

Michael's mother was severely malnourished during early pregnancy.

question

Compared to individuals with a college education, those without a college education tend to be more:

answer

likely to smoke.

question

Research has revealed that college education leads students to become:

answer

more tolerant of different religious and political views.

question

As we age, the resting heart rate:

answer

remains stable

question

Most girls reach their maximum height by age ______, and most boys reach their maximum height by age ______.

answer

16; 18

question

Eric is a 25-year-old American male. If he dies in the next year, which of the following is the most likely cause?

answer

homicide

question

According to the psychoanalytic theory, eating disorders can be explained by:

answer

the inability of the daughter to psychically separate from the mother.

question

Cross-sex friendships result in problems when:

answer

outsiders assume the relationship is sexual.

question

For public health reasons, immunizing emerging adults against the bird flu is justifiable because they:

answer

are prime disease vectors.

question

The beginning of adulthood is now considered to be:

answer

age 25

question

A type of identity that is almost impossible to achieve during adolescence is:

answer

vocational identity

question

The most common time for substance abuse is during emerging adulthood. Incidence of addiction, including alcohol addiction, before the age of 27 is:

answer

1 person in every 8

question

Which of the following is a result of intimate terrorism?

answer

battered-wife syndrome

question

According to Sternberg, passion and commitment without intimacy result in:

answer

fatuous love

question

An eating disorder involving self-starvation, sometimes to the point of death is:

answer

anorexia nervosa

question

Dialectical thinking involves:

answer

the integration of an idea with its opposite

question

Jack was reared in a home where men did not help with housework or cooking, since those were deemed "women's work." At 18, he does not agree with that view but hides his negative reaction to it when visiting his parents' home. He is coping with his negative impulses by demonstrating:

answer

cognitive flexibility

question

The hours expected of employees by today's employers can contribute to "workaholism"

answer

True

question

Familism may be defined as the

answer

belief that family members take care of each other.

question

The theorist who forwarded the notion that individuals continue to develop well into adulthood was:

answer

Erikson

question

Researchers have found that the social clock is:

answer

greatly influenced by socioeconomic status

question

The midlife crisis might more accurately be described as:

answer

developmental history

question

Dorothy is caring for her teenage children and her elderly parents. She is a member of the sandwich generation.

answer

True

question

With age, extroversion tends to:

answer

remain stable

question

After the first ten years most married couples find:

answer

tension decreases as children become more independent.

question

Freud defined the healthy adult as a person who is able to:

answer

love and work

question

Susan's grandmother, at age 80, is in the final stage of adulthood, namely:

answer

integrity versus despair

question

Which most accurately depicts middle age?

answer

Changes do not necessarily cluser around age 40

question

As adults age, their friendships tend to stagnate.

answer

False

question

The notion of the sandwich generation:

answer

is not very accurate

question

While Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are sequential, the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role diffusion:

answer

is ongoing.

question

A factor that contributes to good relationships between today's middle-aged adults and their parents is:

answer

the health and economic freedom that allow older adults to be independent

question

Juliet wants to lose weight but frequently eats high-fat, high-sugar foods. Since she always has a salad with her dinner and a piece of fruit during the day, she can't understand why she's not losing weight. After all, she is eating fruit and vegetables like nutritionists recommend. Like many people she:

answer

resists good nutrition by misinterpreting scientific research

question

For a typical midde-aged adult, intelligence increases:

answer

in the specific areas that reflect his or her interest

question

Adult brains can grow new cells.

answer

True

question

An initial symptom of frontotemporal dementia is:

answer

an unexpected loss of modesty

question

Creative intelligence requires ____ thinking.

answer

divergent

question

Over the long run, creativity is a better predictor of accomplishment than traditional measures of IQ

answer

True

question

Laboratory-induced twinning is an assisted reproductive technology method that is:

answer

prohibited in all nations

question

Perlmutter's research on older and younger restaurant employees revealed that:

answer

older employees served more customers during "rush" and "nonrush" periods.

question

Pilar, at 55 years of age, has been experiencing difficulty processing information, comprehending verbal meaning and expressing herself verbally. Most likely, she is:

answer

ill in some way

question

the Flynn effect refers to the:

answer

rise in average IQ over the generations

question

To test fluid intelligence, a psychologist would be likely to measure:

answer

inductive reasoning

question

Sternberg argues that there are eight intelligences taht are closely related and interwoven.

answer

False

question

Talking on a cell phone while driving is unsafe at any age because the brain attends to what is being said, not to what is being seen.

answer

True

question

The idea that intelligence always declines throughout adulthood was:

answer

supported by early cross-sectional studies.

question

Two important correlates of vitality are:

answer

personality and national culture.

question

An adult's IQ is largely determined by biology.

answer

False

question

Who has the best chance of maintaining intellectual abilities into late adulthood?

answer

Martin, who has a college education, happy marriage, and good retirement plan.

question

The mood changes of menopause may actually be caused by fatigue.

answer

True

question

One measure of health is morbidity, which:

answer

includes both acute and chronic illnesses.

question

Gender differences in senescence indicate that:

answer

women age more slowly

question

the idea that intelligence is a single entity has been:

answer

implied by tests of intelligence that result in an overall IQ

question

The average age of menopause is about:

answer

50 years

question

According to many developmentalists, the key to successful aging is:

answer

the capacity to accommodate to changes over time.

question

The most common assisted reproductive technology method is:

answer

in vitro fertilization

question

Combining all four measures of health yields a measure of just how healthy people are called:

answer

quality-adjusted life years

question

Which of the following hearing abilities declines first during middle adulthood?

answer

hearing pure tones

question

A known risk factor for most serious diseases that beset adults is:

answer

cigarette smoking

question

Vitality is a reflection of the objective measures of health such as mortality and happiness.

answer

False

question

In his or her special area, the expert is more likely that the novice to:

answer

experiment or deviate from the usual way of doing things.

question

Due to senescence, the total size of the brain is reduced.

answer

True

question

Which of the following would Schaie say affects changes in intellectual functioning in adulthood?

answer

all of the answers are correct

question

The researchers who concluded that fluid and crystallized intelligence are the two crucial aspects of intelligence were:

answer

Cattell and Horn

question

When Bayley tested a group of adults who had been child geniuses, she found:

answer

scores increased between ages 20 and 50.

question

Research studies on alcohol use have shown that:

answer

moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity.

question

Laboratory hearing tests of adults reveal that:

answer

age-related hearing loss is often not apparent until after age 60.

question

The majority of elderly who were never married are unhappy.

answer

False

question

Vascular dementia is caused by:

answer

insufficient supply of blood to the brain

question

Most older people are neither senile nor wise, but somewhere in between.

answer

True

question

Now that Hank is 75, he uses selective optimization with compensation while driving. For example, he:

answer

travels familiar routes.

question

According to Erikson, each new experience throughout life requires:

answer

a reassessment of identity

question

Implicit memory:

answer

involves habits and routines

question

Continuity theory would argue that the reaction of a 70-year-old to the news that he has diabetes and must dramatically change his lifestyle is best predicted by the patient's:

answer

past coping patterns

question

According to continuity theory, the Big Five personality traits:

answer

are maintained throughout old age

question

If asked about the effects of memory loss on their daily lives, most of the elderly would:

answer

not consider memory loss to be a significant handicap

question

Maximum life span is defined as the:

answer

upper limit to which members of a species can live.

question

The term "ageism" refers to:

answer

judging people on the basis of chronological age.

question

Life satisfaction for the elderly correlates with:

answer

friends more than family.

question

Engaging in a new creative skill such as oil painting or writing music must be built upon previous learning; the elderly brain lacks the ability to learn something new and complex.

answer

False

question

An older adult would probably experience the most difficulty remembering:

answer

the facts surrounding the 1948 presidential election.

question

The part of the brain that shrinks more with age than do other parts of the brain is:

answer

the prefrontal cortex

question

Elements of wisdom include:

answer

a broad practical approach to life and deep insight.

question

Martha at age 75 is typical of people her age. She believes that when compared to others of the same age:

answer

she is doing well but they have more problems and are self-absorbed.

question

The study of population numbers is called:

answer

demography

question

Going outside barefoot in winter, walking through the neighborhood naked, or forgetting about the lighted stove are behaviors often found in the ______ stage of Alzheimer's disease.

answer

third

question

Most elder abuse is committed by:

answer

adult children

question

Multi-infarct dementia may be prevented by:

answer

regular physical exercise

question

Grown daughters often feel that their mothers:

answer

are intrusive

question

Vitamins A, C, and E are all:

answer

antioxidants

question

Almost every older adult experiences depression and despair at the end of their lives.

answer

False

question

When a man in a long-term marriage becomes ill and is cared for by his wife, the usual effect on the marriage is:

answer

increased closeness over the course of the illness

question

The antithesis of disengagement theory is:

answer

activity theory

question

The main symptom in Lewy body dementia is:

answer

loss of inhibition

question

As people age, vitamin and mineral needs may increase because:

answer

the body's ability to use nutrients is reduced.

question

The wear-and-tear theory of aging suggests that we:

answer

wear out our bodies by living our lives

question

The fact that many older people begin to demonstrate an interest in painting, music, or woodworking supports the idea that older people:

answer

develop an appreciation for aesthetic

question

According to research, positive emotions in the elderly are correlated with:

answer

feeling recognized for their accomplishments

question

Geriatrics refers to the:

answer

medical specialty devoted to old age.

question

Compared to implicit memory, older adults' explicit memory is:

answer

worse

question

The fact that European-American elderly are more likely to own homes than are African-American elderly is of particular concern to which theory?

answer

critical race

question

Vascular dementia is caused by successive strokes that kill off parts of the brain.

answer

True

question

Audrey is 85 years old and has begun a life review. Her primary reason for doing this is probably to:

answer

put her life into perspective

question

The difference between ADLs and IADLs is that:

answer

IADLs require some intellectual competence.

question

Which senses become less sharp in late adulthood?

answer

All of the answers are correct.

question

Elder maltreatment is:

answer

likely to cause isolation, fear, and dependence.

question

General decline of cognitive abilities after the age of 65 are typically attributed to:

answer

too much interference and not enough inhibition.

question

A marked decrease in motor reaction time and brain processing in older adults may be attributed to:

answer

shrinkage of the prefrontal cortex and the hypothalamus

question

The notion that ethnic discrimination and racism shape experiences and attitudes is the view of which theory?

answer

critical race theory

question

Both short-term and long-term memory are somewhat reduced in older adults.

answer

True

question

Self-actualization refers to:

answer

reaching one's full potential.

question

According to one theory of aging, the genetic clock gradually switches off the genes that promote growth and switches on genes that promote aging.

answer

True

question

Critical race theory sees race as:

answer

a social construct whose utility is determined by society.

question

Antioxidants can be found in:

answer

vitamins A, C, and E

question

Many elderly people suffering from depression do not receive treatment because:

answer

their depression goes undiagnosed.

question

The Heyflick limit is a natural limit to the:

answer

number of times cells can divide.

question

Explicit memory:

answer

involves words, data, and concepts.

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