MOD CIV- Unit 3 – Flashcards
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Simón Bolívar
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A revolutionary leader from Venezuela known as the "George Washington of South America."
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mulatto
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A person of mixed European and African ancestry.
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peninsulare
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In Spanish colonial society, a colonist the Spanish ancestry.
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José María Morelos
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He led Mexican rebels against the Spanish after Miguel Hidalgo in 1811.
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creole
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In Spanish colonial society, colonist who are born in Latin America to Spanish parents.
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mestizo
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A person of mixed European and Indian ancestry.
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José de San Martin
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The Argentinean revolutionary leader who liberated Argentina, Chile,and Peru.
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Miguel Hidalgo
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Priest from your Dolores who issued the call for rebellion in Mexico.
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Name the three classes of Spanish colonial society.
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peninsulare, creole, and mullato
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What was distinctive about the Haitian Revolution?
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It was the first black colony to free itself from European control.
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What role did creoles play in the independence movement in Latin America?
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Creoles were the least oppressed of those born in Latin America. Well educated and led the Independence movements in Latin America.
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How did the American and French Revolution affect the colonist in the Americas?
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Colonist in Latin America already were aware of enlightenment ideas. They were electrified by the news of the American and French Revolution. This assess of the American revolution encourage them to try to gain freedom from European masters.
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Which groups led the quest for Mexican independence?
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Indians and mestizos
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What was the "grito de Dolores"?
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The battle cry of the Mexico war of independence uttered on September 16, 1810 by Miguel Hidalgo, a Roman Catholic priest.
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conservative
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Usually wealthy property owners and mobility. They argued for protecting the traditional monarchs of Europe.
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liberal
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Mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants. They wanted to give more power to the elected parliament, but only the educated and landowners could vote.
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radical
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Favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people. Believe that government should practice the ideas of the French revolution-life, liberty, and property.
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nationalism
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The believe that people's greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to the nation of people who share common ancestry and culture.
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nation-state
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When a nation has its own independent government.
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the Balkans
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The region that includes all parts of present-day Greece : Albania,Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, and the former Yugoslavia.
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Louis-Napoleon
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The nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte took the title of Emperor Napoleon 3rd. I majority of French voters accepted this without complaint. The French grew weary of instability. They welcomed a strong leader who would bring peace.
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Alexander 2nd
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The son of Czar Nicolas the first, he decided to move Russia toward modernization and social change. He and his advisers believed that his reforms would allow Russia to compete with western Europe for world power.
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How are liberals different from a conservatives?
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Conservatives wanted to protect traditional monarchs in Europe. Liberals wanted to give more power to elected parliaments.
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How are radicals different from liberals?
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Radicals favored change to extend democracy to all people. They believe government should practice ideals of the French Revolution. Liberals wanted more power in Parliament.
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Why did Europeans and Americans support the Greek revolutionary movement?
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Europeans and Americans supported the Greek revolutionary movement because they loved and respected agent Greek culture.
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What was the driving force behind Russia's industrial expansion?
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Their defeat in the Crimean war , the spread of nationalism and industrial expansion.
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The Greeks revolt against the Ottoman Turks.
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The Greeks gained their independence, they grew popular. Powerful nations supported the Greeks
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Nationalist groups in Budapest, Prague and Vienna demanded independence and self government.
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The nationalist groups failed to unite themselves or their nations. Conservatives regain their nerve and power.
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Charles X tries to dry up an absolute monarchy in France.
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Riots broke out and he fled to Great Britain. Was replaced by Louis Philippe.
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Paris mobs overthrow the monarchy of Louis Philippe.
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The mob established a republic that fell immediately. The radical split into fractions. The difference lead to battles. French citizens tried away from radicals and a moderate Constitution was developed.
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Louis Napoleon Bonaparte is elected president of France in later assumes the title of Emperor Napoleon the 3rd.
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Louis Napoleon built railroads encourage - industrialization, and promoted and ambitious programs for public works. Because of his policies unemployment decrease in France in the country experience real prosperity.
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In the Crimean war, Czar Nicholas 1st threatens to take over part of the Ottoman Empire.
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Russia's industries and transportation systems failed to provide adequate supplies for the countries troops.resulting Russia lost the war against the combine forces of France , Britain, Sardinia, and Ottoman Empire.
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Alexander 2nd issues the Edict of Emancipation.
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The abolition of serfs was half-way. Peasant communities rather than individual peasants received about half the farmland in the country. Nobles kept the other half. each peasant communing on the other hand had 49 years to pay the government for the land it had received. So while serfs were legally free the debt still tied into the land.
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What is the link between nationalism and the revolutions in Europe?
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Nationalism motivated thousands of states, at the same time turn self interest and loss of power led to severe fall in mankind.
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Do you think nationalism has more of a positive or negative impact on the world?
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Nationalism involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with political unity. So it has positive impact on individual countries. All people it in a nation adjust to each other and overcome differences. Although competition created warfare and made significant impact on scientific and technical logical advances nationalism is strongly used today throughout the world. Positive.
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Which of the bonds used to create nation -states are found in the United States
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The bonds are history, language, nationality and territory.
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Industrial Revolution
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Refers to the greatly increased output of machine made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s.
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Enclosure
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Within larger field enclosures, landowners experimented with more productive seeding in harvesting methods to boost crop yields.
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Crop rotation
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The system of varying successful crops in a definite order on the same ground, especially to avoid depleting of soil, control weeds, diseases, and pests.
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Industrialization
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Process of developing machine productions of goods.
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Factors of production
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Sources needed to produce goods and services that all the Industrial Revolution required.
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Factory
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Merchant set up machines and large buildings that required water power.
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Entrepreneur
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A person who organizes, manages and takes on the risks of businesses.
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Who was Jethro Tull? How did he contribute to that agricultural revolution?
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A agriculture pioneer, he perfected a horse drawn seed drill and later a horse drawn hoe.
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How did population growth spur in the Industrial Revolution?
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Better standard of life may increase population and increase population demand more food and goods to be made more of and efficiently.
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What were at least four of the factors that contributed to industrialization in Britain?
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Water power, corn, iron ore, and rivers for transportation for harbors/ships.
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What inventions transform the textile industry?
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Flying shuttle, spinning wheel, water frame, spinning mule and the power loom.
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What American invention help to increase cotton production?
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Cotton gin
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What did Whitney do after graduating from college?
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Expected to study law but found himself short on funds he excepted an offer to become a private tutor.
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What problems did Southern cotton planters face?
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Planters in southern United States were having problems with the long stable cotton could only be grown along the Carolina and Georgia coast. Weather could also be a problem, also wet weather needed for planting seeds, and dry for harvest. Also picking cotton took A lot more effort before the Cotton gin.
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Who was Catherine Greene?
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A wife of an American Revolutionary war Nathanael Greene and the mother five in the supporter of Whitney.
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What did Whitney and his business partner Phineas Miller choose to do the Cotton Gin?
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They chose to produce as many gins as possible and install them throughout Georgia in the south.
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How did Georgia farmers respond to Whitney and Miller's business plan?
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They resented having to pay for what they regarded as an exorbitant tax. Instead farmers began making their own versions of the Cottongin claiming they were new inventions.
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What were the positive effects of the Cottongin?
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It made producing cotton much easier. it was easier and fast to produce cotton making farmers rich in the process.
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What negative effects did the cotton gin have on America?
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The number of slaves greatly increase in the number of slaves states shot up. Tatian screw and work became regimented and unending.
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How did Whitney finally become rich?
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He invented ways to manufacture muskets by machine so that the parts were interchangeable.
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MIDDLE CLASS
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Made up of skilled workers professional business people and wealthy farmers factory owners merchants and bankers grew wealthier and landlords in aristocrats yeah imported social distinctions divided the two wealthy classes. Land owners look down on those who made fortune off the vulgar business world. It was not until the late 1800s when rich entrepreneurs were considered name social equals of the Lords of the countrysides. Upper-middle-class consisted of doctors government ploy ease lawyers people who manage factories mines and ships. The lower middle-class include factory overseas and such skilled workers such as factory oversees, mechanical drafters and printers
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WORKING CLASS
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In class for laborers they saw little improvement in their living and working conditions they watch as their livelihoods disappeared as machines replaced them in frustration sound smash the machines that they are putting them out of business. Outside the factories mobs of workers rioted mainly because of poor living and working conditions.
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What were some advantages and disadvantages of industrialization?
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Industrialization in the boundaries between countries regarding trade.let us sell our goods all around the world industrialization let us make more money and new jobs. Decreased product price and increase technology. Industrialization increase poor working conditions lost of culture increase of pollution, and lots of jobs when factories move to other counties.
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Many nations around the world today I'm trying to industrialize what do you think they hope to gain from this process?
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Nations need to return to manufacturing base instead of service sector dominate. When nations create products they increase long-term employment employment creates value which leads to consumption the reason the nations industries influence is because they do not want to pay intellectual property rights for offshore products hence the reason they want to create it domestically.
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What did the United States possess it allowed it to mechanize it's industries?
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Possessed same resources as Britain to mechanize it's industries.
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How did the war of 1812 affect industrial development of the United States.
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The blockade from Britain try to keep the US from engaging in international trade the US use its own resources to develop independent industries those industries would manufacture the goods the US could no longer import.
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How did Francis Cabot Lowell and four other investors revolutionize the American textile industry ?
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They mechanized every stage in the manufacture of cloth. In 1820 Lowell became the booming manufacturing center and model for other towns.
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Why did young single women leave their rule homes to work as mill girls in factory towns?
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Did the women could make high wages and have independence. The mill girls tolled more than 12 hours a day six days a week for you decent wages.
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What factors led to the United States technological boom?
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Wealth of natural resources, among them oil, coal, and iron; A burst of inventions such as an electric light bulbs and the telephone and a swelling urban population that consumed the new manufactured goods.
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Describe big business?
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Giant corporations controlled entire industries.
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Why did Belgium lead Europe in adopting Industrialization?
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It had rich deposits of iron ore and coal as well as waterways for transportation.
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What factors load industrialization in Germany?
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It was politically divided the empire lack of political unity Liberal governments barriers poor infrastructure and much of Germany was far from the sea.
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How did friends avoid the great social and economic problems caused by industrialization?
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France size was powerful and important in the economic and political affairs they resisted industrialization.
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Why did imperialism grow out of industrialization?
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Imperialism was born out of the cycle of industrialization the development of new markets around the world and the need for resources to supply factories and Europe.
