American History Chapter 11 Guided Readings – Flashcards
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How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe?
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Nationalism: the belief that one's nation is better than another; people wanted to support their country.
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How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe?
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Imperialism: countries extended their economic and political control over other countries.
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How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe?
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Militarism: building up armed forces; countries wanted to use their strong militaries.
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How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe?
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Alliances: Allies- France, Russia, and Britain. Triple Alliance: Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary. Countries formed alliances to support each other
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How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe?
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Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand: set higher tensions for the countries and alliances had to go to war.
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Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose US participation in the war?
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Naturalized citizens: didn't want to be forced to fight.
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Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose US participation in the war?
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Socialists: did not want to be involved in world relations.
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Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose US participation in the war?
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Pacifists: opposed fighting
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Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose US participation in the war?
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Parents: did not want their children to go to war.
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What did the following nations do to encourage US participation in the war?
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Britain: wanted the US to fight because they were their alliance.
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What did the following nations do to encourage US participation in the war?
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Germany: attacked British cruise liners.
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What did the following nations do to encourage US participation in the war?
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Russia: intercepted a German telegram.
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How did the US raise an army?
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called for volunteers; instituted a draft (Selective Service Act)
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How did US soldiers help with the war?
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Brought freshness and enthusiasm to fight. Helped stop German advances on Paris and several other French cities. Helped win Second Battle of the Mame. Mounted offenses at St. Mihiel and in Meuse Argonne area.
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How did the US build its naval force?
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Called for volunteers; instituted a draft; accepted women volunteers; exempted shipyard workers from draft; and began using frabrication to construct ships.
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How did the US Navy help win the war?
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Broke the German blockade by suggesting the convoy system to the British and the putting it into practice. Helped lay down a barrier of mines across the North Sea between Norway and Scotland.
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What new weapons of mechanized warfare threatened those in combat?
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airplanes, machine guns, tanks, tubes that spewed poison gas, and German cannon.
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What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths?
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11 million
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What did the war cost in terms of the number of military deaths?
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31 million
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What did the war cost in terms of the number of injuries?
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20 million
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What did the war cost in terms of the number of refugees?
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10 million
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What were the estimated economic costs?
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$350 billion
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What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
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War Industries Board: Bernard M. Baruch. Helped boost production by 20%. Encouraged companies to use mass production; standardize products; set production quotas; allocated raw materials; etc.
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What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
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Railroad Administration: controlled the nations railroads
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What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
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Fuel Administration: regulated coal supplies; rationed gas and heating oil; introduced daylight savings time.
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What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
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National War Labor Board: labor disputes; improved work conditions.
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What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
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Food Administration: tripled food shipment to Allies; high government price for wheat and other staples.
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What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
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Committee on Public Information: propaganda; popularized the war
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What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
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Espionage and Sedition Acts: no mailing/publications that criticized the war; firing of people who opposed the war; prosecuted 2000 people; convicted 1000 people.
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What changes did the war bring about for the following groups of Americans?
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Immigrants: lost jobs and attacked/killed
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What changes did the war bring about for the following groups of Americans?
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African Americans: Great Migration South to North; new problems in cities; improved economic opp.; AA soldiers/officers
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What changes did the war bring about for the following groups of Americans?
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Women: new jobs; wartime effort helped pass 19th amendment
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What were Wilson's points?
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1. Open treaties. 2. Freedom of the seas. 3. Tariffs lowered or abolished to encourage free trade. 4. Arms reduction. 5. Consideration of the interests of colonial people. 6-13. boundary changed and self-determination of ethnic/national groups. 14. A League of Nations
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What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany?
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Demilitarization; return of Alsace-Lorraine to France; $33 billion in reparations; war guilt clause
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What were the weaknesses of the treaty?
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Humiliated Germany; set Germans against the treaty; set reparations that Germany couldn't possibly pay; ignored the sacrifices and desires of Russia; stripped Germany of the colonies it needed to pay reparations; ignored the claims of colonized people for self-determination.
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Why did Henry Cabot Lodge object to the treaty?
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Suspicious of the provision for joint action against aggression. Wanted the treaty to declare the constitutional right of Congress to declare war.
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How did Wilson help bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty?
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Chose an American delegation that failed to include enough Republicans and Senators. Refused to compromise with Lodge and others who opposed it.
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What circumstances at this time would eventually lead many Germans to support Adolf Hitler?
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Desperate economic conditions; harshness of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles; misunderstandings about the reasons for Germany's loss of the war.
