PSY – Psychology of a Developing Person – Chap 九 (Adolescence: Body and Mind) – Flashcards

Statistically, which student is MOST likely to fall asleep during class? Select one: a. Ariel, who is in the seventh grade b. Wilhelm, who is in the eighth grade c. Allen, who is in the tenth grade d. Rose, who is in the sixth grade

Which change contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections? Select one: a. greater exposure to germs from increased social activity b. the shrinkage of the lymphoid system c. the increase in sex hormones d. the growth spurt

Garry is taking a weight-lifting class in high school. The weights he lifts should: Select one: a. match his projected size for next year. b. cause him maximum exertion. c. match his size from the previous year. d. be doubled each week.

Thinking or drawing conclusions based on past personal experience, emotions, or a gut feeling is referred to as: Select one: a. deductive reasoning. b. intuitive thought. c. concrete reasoning. d. analytic thought.

Over the past decade, the percentage of adolescents that consumed the recommended three or more servings of vegetables daily has: Select one: a. increased. b. remained stable. c. decreased. d. decreased, but fruit intake has increased.

For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs: Select one: a. when facial hair first appears. b. after the weight and height spurt. c. following growth of the penis. d. when the final pubic hair pattern is established.

Spreading insults and rumors by means of e-mails, text messages, or Web postings is called: Select one: a. spamming. b. cyberbullying. c. electronic harassment. d. hacking.

During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain. Select one: a. prefrontal cortex; limbic system b. limbic system; prefrontal cortex c. prefrontal cortex; amygdala d. cerebellum; amygdala Check

When Piaget and Inhelder asked children of different ages to balance a scale using several different weights, they found that: Select one: a. preschool children tended to use logical deduction. b. 7-year-old children used spatial relationships. c. by age 10, children used trial-and-error strategies. d. adolescents failed to see the complexities of the problem.

Fifteen-year-old Latrina has a 10 P.M. curfew. She asks her parents to extend her curfew to 11 P.M. on weekends. When her parents ask her why, Latrina replies, "I've never been late for my 10 P.M. curfew. You can trust me. Can we at least give it a try?" This is an example of what kind of thinking? Select one: a. concrete b. intuitive c. emotional d. analytical

In general, adolescent egocentrism refers to the: Select one: a. belief that one is destined to have a legendary life. b. notion that one cannot be harmed by unprotected sex. c. viewpoint that everyone else is smarter than oneself. d. view that one is noticed by everyone.

Janet and Carlos are both experiencing a growth spurt. If they are typical adolescents, compared with Janet will have _____ than Carlos. Select one: a. a lower proportion of body fat b. a higher proportion of body fat c. more upper body muscle d. narrower hips

Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus? Select one: a. adrenals b. testes c. pituitary d. gonads

If a boy notices a swelling around his nipples during puberty, what is the likely cause? Select one: a. the normal fluctuation of sex hormones b. cancer c. abnormally high levels of estrogen d. drug abuse

Research has shown that adolescents tend to apply formal logic: Select one: a. in all situations. b. in very few situations. c. only when encouraged to do so. d. in some situations but not in others.

Researchers predict that if PISA scores in the United States rose by 25 points, the result could mean an increase of _____ in the nation's Gross Domestic Product over an 80-year time span. Select one: a. $400,000 b. $40 million c. $40 billion d. $40 trillion

_____ contributes to the poor fit between adolescents' needs and the traditional structure of high schools. Select one: a. Large school size b. A low level of competition c. Flexible scheduling d. A high level of student-adult interaction

Three different girls tell Brian that Titanic is their all-time favorite movie. He concludes that all girls love that movie. Brian has just used: Select one: a. hypothetical reasoning. b. inductive reasoning. c. deductive reasoning. d. adolescent egocentrism.

Klaczynski's studies of younger and older adolescents' analytical thinking indicated that: Select one: a. younger adolescents were rarely logical, whereas older adolescents were nearly always logical. b. individuals who were analytical on some problems were analytical on all problems. c. most adolescents do not think as analytically as their capabilities allow. d. younger adolescents tended to dismiss research that was contrary to their own beliefs.

One of the most prominent aspects of adolescent thought is the ability to: Select one: a. reject adult thoughts and values. b. think in terms of possibilities. c. take another person's point of view. d. use practical problem-solving skills.

At what age does the brain become fully mature? Select one: a. 20 b. 25 c. 30 d. 35

Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by: Select one: a. increased hormone output. b. increased muscle tissue. c. better digestive processes. d. the growth of the heart and lungs.

Bulimia nervosa is clinically present in _____ percent of young women in the United States. Select one: a. 1 to 3 b. 5 to 7 c. 8 to 10 d. 11 to 13

Most adolescents think about themselves: Select one: a. rarely. b. occasionally. c. periodically. d. frequently.

Patty is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds yet when she looks in the mirror, she sees an overweight girl. She does aerobics for two hours daily and eats very little. Patty MOST likely suffers from: Select one: a. anorexia nervosa. b. a degenerative organ disease. c. anxiety. d. bulimia nervosa.

Research has shown that adolescents who drop out of high school are strongly influenced by their: Select one: a. career goals. b. level of intelligence. c. middle school experiences. d. hormonal shifts.

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age. Select one: a. 5; 18 b. 7; 16 c. 8; 14 d. 10; 13

Since he entered puberty, Barry has been staying awake late at night and craving sleep in the mornings. His parents should realize that this: Select one: a. means that he needs professional help. b. means that he is trying to avoid them. c. is due to changes in his brain. d. is due to hormonal shifts.

Statistically, which person is MOST likely to have the greatest health problems due to iron deficiency? Select one: a. 16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating b. 12-year-old Monica, who has not yet experienced menarche c. 15-year-old Nathan, who exercises very little d. 25-year-old Ben, who has three children

The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day. Select one: a. 1000; 300 b. 1000; 500 c. 1300; 800 d. 1300; 500

Family conflict and stress: Select one: a. may cause the early onset of puberty. b. may cause the late onset of puberty. c. typically increase after the onset of puberty. d. typically decrease after the onset of puberty.

Bulimia nervosa is clinically present in _____ percent of young women in the United States. Select one: a. 1 to 3 b. 5 to 7 c. 8 to 10 d. 11 to 13

If a boy notices a swelling around his nipples during puberty, what is the likely cause? Select one: a. the normal fluctuation of sex hormones b. cancer c. abnormally high levels of estrogen d. drug abuse

Sixteen-year-old Paul drinks heavily and drives dangerously fast, believing that he cannot be hurt. Paul is demonstrating: Select one: a. the personal fable. b. deductive reasoning. c. self-awareness. d. the invincibility fable.

The sequence of puberty hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is known by the acronym: Select one: a. HAG pathway. b. HAP pathway. c. HPG axis. d. HPA axis.

In general, adolescent egocentrism refers to the: Select one: a. belief that one is destined to have a legendary life. b. notion that one cannot be harmed by unprotected sex. c. viewpoint that everyone else is smarter than oneself. d. view that one is noticed by everyone.

For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs: Select one: a. when facial hair first appears. b. after the weight and height spurt. c. following growth of the penis. d. when the final pubic hair pattern is established.

Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their: Select one: a. personal fable. b. post-operational thought. c. moral reasoning. d. invincibility fable.

The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day. Select one: a. 1000; 300 b. 1000; 500 c. 1300; 800 d. 1300; 500

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's: Select one: a. gonads. b. penis or uterus. c. adrenal glands. d. hypothalamus.

Ellie is 10 years old and well into puberty. She will probably experience: Select one: a. welcome attention from boys her age. b. pride that she is ahead of her friends. c. teasing and name-calling from her classmates. d. a better body image than her peers.

Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence: Select one: a. formal operational thought. b. invincibility thinking. c. metacognition. d. concrete operational thinking.

As the United States moves increasingly toward high-stakes testing: Select one: a. other nations are following suit. b. other nations are moving away from it. c. girls are earning the highest test scores. d. boys are earning the lowest test scores.

Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by: Select one: a. increased hormone output. b. increased muscle tissue. c. better digestive processes. d. the growth of the heart and lungs.

Evolutionary theory suggests that the relationship between childhood stress and onset of puberty exists to: Select one: a. delay childbearing in strife-filled environments. b. encourage stressed youth to take more risks. c. insure that reproduction occurs early in stress-filled environments. d. ease the transition to adulthood for individuals who need to grow up fast.

Fifteen-year-old Richard wants to be allowed to drive the family car, even though he does not yet have a driver's license. When his parents ask him why he thinks he should have driving privileges, he answers, "I know other kids who do it, and it's just stupid that I have to wait another 3 months until I turn 16." This is an example of what kind of thinking? Select one: a. reasoning b. intuitive c. logical d. analytical

During the adolescent growth spurt, what is the last part(s) of the body to grow? Select one: a. limbs b. torso c. ears d. feet

In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with: Select one: a. girls choosing to date younger boys. b. girls entering into early, nurturing relationships. c. aggression and antisocial behavior in boys. d. boys becoming leaders in their schools.

Which is NOT a challenge associated with vocational education at the secondary level in the United States? Select one: a. Many of the most experienced teachers instruct students in college-bound courses. b. Teachers tend to favor college-bound students. c. Graduates of vocational programs earn less than students who do not attend them. d. Preparing students for jobs instead of college may appear to be racist, classist, or sexist.

Which term refers to the ability to begin with specifics, such as accumulated facts, and then make general conclusions? Select one: a. hypothetical reasoning b. inductive reasoning c. deductive reasoning d. adolescent egocentrism

For boys, the event that most closely parallels menarche is: Select one: a. penis growth. b. spermarche. c. first intercourse. d. pubic hair.

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is: Select one: a. lengthening of the torso. b. increased muscle mass. c. growth of arms and legs. d. growth of fingers and toes.

The first outward sign of puberty in a typical girl is: Select one: a. an increase in weight. b. the development of muscular strength. c. a spurt in height. d. the onset of nipple growth.

A thought that arises through a "feeling" that the thought is right is referred to as a( n) _____ thought. Select one: a. intuitive b. factual c. experimental d. logical

José enjoys sports, especially running. As an adolescent, he has the potential to become a star athlete. Which pair of influences will be MOST beneficial to him in reaching his full potential? Select one: a. the development of his prefrontal cortex and the support of his peers b. the encouragement of his family and the myelination of his sensory cortex c. the development of his limbic system and the influence of male hormones d. changes in myelination in his brain and the guidance of an experienced coach

One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is: Select one: a. lack of media attention to the importance of good nutrition. b. misunderstanding about what is and is not healthy food. c. altered taste buds due to hormonal surges. d. anxiety about their body image.

The common middle-school schedule that involves classroom changes every 40 minutes: Select one: a. creates a developmental mismatch. b. supports children's development. c. improves student grades. d. increases student collaboration.

Bottom-up reasoning is also referred to as ______ reasoning. Select one: a. top-down b. theoretical c. concrete d. inductive

Thinking or drawing conclusions based on past personal experience, emotions, or a gut feeling is referred to as: Select one: a. deductive reasoning. b. intuitive thought. c. concrete reasoning. d. analytic thought

For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is: Select one: a. growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche. b. growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth; spermarche. c. spermarche; growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth. d. initial pubic hair growth; growth of the testes; spermarche; growth of the penis.

In schools structured so that individuals compete rather than work cooperatively, low-scoring students tend to: Select one: a. be highly motivated. b. achieve higher scores as the school year moves on. c. cope by endorsing the entity approach to learning. d. believe in incremental mastery of a subject area.

For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs: Select one: a. when facial hair first appears. b. after the weight and height spurt. c. following growth of the penis. d. when the final pubic hair pattern is established.

The sequence of puberty hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is known by the acronym: Select one: a. HAG pathway. b. HAP pathway. c. HPG axis. d. HPA axis.

Since adolescents regard themselves as uniquely special: Select one: a. it is difficult for them to envision another person's perspective. b. it is easy for them to envision another person's perspective. c. they embrace many points of view. d. they believe everyone feels what they feel.

Menarche is: Select one: a. the beginning of growth of the uterus. b. the first ovulation of a mature egg. c. a girl's first menstrual period. d. the first year of menstruation.