LG&D-CH 6 – Flashcards
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By traditional definition, how many of the following eight-year-old children would be considered "gifted": Darcy, IQ = 100; Peggy, IQ = 120; Kelly, IQ = 140; Al, IQ = 160?
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two
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The main limitation of concrete operational thinking is that such thought is limited to
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tangible, real-life examples.
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On modern tests of intelligence, IQ scores are determined
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by comparing a child's score with the average score of other children of the same age.
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Intelligence is to creativity as
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correct thinking is to divergent thinking.
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The drug Ritalin that is often prescribed for children with ADHD is a type of
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stimulant.​
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​_____ is defined as the ability to hear the distinctive sounds of letters.
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​Phonological awareness
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Theresa has just come to realize that in order to learn, she must focus her attention on her teacher, not her classmates. This indicates an advance in Theresa's ____ skills.
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metacognitive knowledge
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Dee used to think that everyone else liked the same people she did and hated the same people she did. She now realizes that different people have different opinions toward others. Piaget would suggest that Dee has recently become a ____ thinker.
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concrete operational
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Metamemory is defined as an individual's
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​intuitive understanding of memory.
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​The issue of novelty of thinking is best associated with ____ ability.
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creative
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Binet and Simon developed the first objective intelligence test in order to
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identify children who would need special help in school.​
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Which activity best exemplifies a test of divergent thinking?
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Listing the possible uses of a marshmallow
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​When asked to describe his specialization, Oscar says, "I am mainly interested in developing ways of measuring intelligence and personality factors." Given this description, Oscar is most likely a
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psychometrician.
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​By definition, intellectual disability involves both a below-average intelligence and
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poor adaptive behaviors.
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Which characteristic is not typical of a school that produces high-achieving students?
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A heavy emphasis on nonacademic activities
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Data from Project Head Start
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supported the belief that environmental factors can impact an individual's IQ
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Researchers identified several factors that contribute to improved reading comprehension in children. Which factor was not on their list?​
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Increased levels of divergent thinking
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Beginning readers tend to
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use the "sound it out" strategy first and the "retrieve word from memory" method second.
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​Elmer has discovered that in order to be successful in college, he must both pay attention to his instructor and take good notes. If Elmer is successful at engaging in both of these behaviors, he is demonstrating effective
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cognitive self-regulation
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Which statement concerning sex differences in height at age 11 is most accurate?
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​At age 11, females tend to be slightly taller than males
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Which statement concerning math and culture is true?
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Japanese and Taiwanese students spend significantly more time in school and have more homework than do children in the United States.
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If a person believes in "general intelligence," then he or she believes that
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some people are smart, no matter the situation, task, or problem.
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​You are the parent of a normal-size nine-year-old boy. As such, how many calories should you ensure that your child consumes each day so that he maintains a normal rate of development?
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​2,400 calories
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If asked to list key symptoms for ADHD, you should avoid saying,
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​"inarticulation."
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In which physical activity would the average 11-year-old prepubescent girl have a distinctive advantage over an 11-year-old prepubescent boy?
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Jumping a rope
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​Which evidence best demonstrates an environmental impact on intelligence?
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The rapid increase in average WISC scores seen during the past 25 years​
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____ are key elements of effective metacognitive knowledge.
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Goal selection and strategy monitoring​
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Working memory is best described as being
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​temporary and limited in capacity.
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Which describes one of the major criticisms of Piaget's theory concerning formal operational thought?
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Adolescents do not appear as cognitively competent as Piaget thought.
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Which characteristic appears to be the most critical element underlying mathematical learning disabilities?
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Difficulty in comparing and understanding quantities
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Though Mabel is unable to think in abstract terms, she is beginning to understand that because 3 + 5 = 8, 8 - 5 must equal 3. Mabel has begun to exhibit Piaget's ____ stage of thinking.
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concrete operational
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Which most accurately describes long-term memory?
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Permanent and unlimited capacity
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In reading, the process of identifying a unique pattern of letters is called
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word recognition.
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​Beginning readers tend to
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use the "sound it out" strategy first and the "retrieve word from memory" method second.
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Which type of intelligence is best associated with Daniel Goleman?
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Emotional
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Elmer has discovered that in order to be successful in college, he must both pay attention to his instructor and take good notes. If Elmer is successful at engaging in both of these behaviors, he is demonstrating effective
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cognitive self-regulation
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​Who is best associated with a theory of "multiple intelligences?"
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Howard Gardner
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Yaakov has a problem. Though he is of normal intelligence and does well in most classes, he struggles tremendously in math. Yaakov is most likely suffering from
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a learning disability.
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Who would be most likely to emphasize the important role that changes in memory efficiency plays in cognitive development?
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Latka, who is an information-processing theorist
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_____ is defined as the ability to hear the distinctive sounds of letters.
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Phonological awareness
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Knowledge-telling and knowledge-transforming are types of ____ strategies.
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writing
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The term "stereotype threat" is best associated with the concept of
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​the self-fulfilling prophecy
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​Thurstone and Thurstone (1941) identified seven distinct abilities that they believed formed the basis of intelligence. One of these abilities was
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perceptual speed
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Which statement concerning the diagnosis of ADHD is true?
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Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls.
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Newt has a mental age of 10. That means Newt
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​passed test problems that an average 10-year-old would pass.
