Psychology Test #3 Quizzes – Flashcards
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1. In attempting to find and purchase high-quality cosmetics, Megan reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of a. an algorithm. b. trial and error. c. framing. d. a heuristic.
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d
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2. Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates a. the availability heuristic. b. an algorithm. c. confirmation bias. d. framing.
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c
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3. Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit a. overconfidence. b. the framing effect. c. process simulation. d. linguistic determinism.
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a
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4. When her professor failed to recognize that Judy had her hand raised for a question, Judy began to think her professor was unfriendly. Although she subsequently learned that the professor's limited vision kept him from seeing her raised hand, she continued thinking the professor was unfriendly. Judy's reaction best illustrates a. the framing effect. b. belief perseverance. c. a critical period. d. the availability heuristic.
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b
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5. Managers who want to foster creativity in the workplace should try to increase the ________ of their employees. a. convergent thinking b. factor analysis c. intrinsic motivation d. emotional intelligence
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c
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6. Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop a. concepts. b. syntax. c. heuristics. d. algorithms.
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a
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7. Vocal sounds that are not included in one's native language first begin to disappear from usage during the ________ stage of language development. a. one-word b. two-word c. telegraphic d. babbling
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d
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8. The older a person is when moving to a new country, the harder it is to learn the language. This best illustrates the importance of ________ for learning language. a. heuristics b. mental age c. algorithms d. a critical period
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d
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9. As a result of an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is most likely to experience a. auditory hallucinations. b. memory loss. c. aphasia. d. paralysis of her left limbs.
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c
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10. During a lecture, your professor says, "A child learns language as he interacts with caregivers." This generic use of the pronoun he is more likely to trigger images of males than of females. This best illustrates the impact of a. language on thinking. b. a fixation on problem solving. c. telegraphic speech on universal grammar. d. insight on decision making.
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a
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11. Which procedure is used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie people's intelligence scores? a. standardization b. validation c. heritability estimates d. factor analysis
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d
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12. When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she effectively controls her own anger and responds with empathy to her sisters frustration regarding their dispute. Her behavior best illustrates a. factor analysis. b. analytic intelligence. c. divergent thinking. d. emotional intelligence.
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d
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13. A 9-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency of an average 12-year-old was said to have an IQ of a. 75. b. 115. c. 125. d. 133.
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d
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14. When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of a. reliability. b. content validity. c. heritability. d. predictive validity.
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a
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15. Women have been found to score lower on math tests when they are tested alongside men. This best illustrates the impact of a. polygenetics. b. intrinsic motivation. c. emotional intelligence. d. stereotype threat.
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d
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1. We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles our ________ of a bird. a. heuristic b. prototype c. algorithm d. phoneme
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b
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2. To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of a. the availability heuristic. b. belief perseverance. c. an algorithm. d. framing.
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c
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3. The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of a. framing. b. confirmation bias. c. an algorithm. d. the availability heuristic.
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d
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4. Professor Chadwick evaluated a graduate student's research proposal negatively simply because he had heard a rumor about the student's incompetence. When later informed that the rumor had been patently false, the professor's assessment of the student's research proposal remained almost as negative as it was originally. This best illustrates a. the representativeness heuristic. b. the availability heuristic. c. belief perseverance. d. framing.
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c
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5. College students are more likely to use a condom when told that it has a 95 percent success rate than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate. This best illustrates the impact of a. framing. b. confirmation bias. c. a fixation. d. the availability heuristic.
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a
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6. University students who focus on the interest and challenge of their schoolwork rather than on simply meeting deadlines and securing good grades are especially likely to demonstrate a. emotional intelligence. b. creativity. c. reliability. d. convergent thinking.
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b
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7. Native German speakers who pronounce the English word "this" as "dis" are demonstrating their difficulty with an English a. morpheme. b. prototype. c. phoneme. d. heuristic.
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c
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8. The two-word stage of language development typically begins at the age of ________ months. a. 6 b. 10 c. 24 d. 36
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c
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9. In which of the following parts of the brain would a lesion most likely result in aphasia? a. amygdala b. hypothalamus c. Wernicke's area d. cerebellum
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c
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10. Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This best illustrates a. telegraphic speech. b. linguistic determinism. c. fixation. d. the availability heuristic.
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b
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11. Although diagnosed with autism and hardly able to speak coherently, 18-year-old Andrew can produce intricate and detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once. Andrew illustrates a condition known as a. g factor. b. Down syndrome. c. emotional intelligence. d. savant syndrome.
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d
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12. Superior performance on the Stanford-Binet most clearly corresponds with Sternbergs concept of a. analytical intelligence. b. emotional intelligence. c. creative intelligence. d. practical intelligence.
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a
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13. A high school counselor gave Amy a test designed to predict whether she could learn to become a successful architect. Amy most likely took a(n) ________ test. a. aptitude b. g factor c. emotional intelligence d. factor analysis
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a
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14. Mary's bathroom scale always overstates people's actual weight by exactly six pounds. The scale has ________ reliability and ________ validity. a. low; high b. high; low c. low; low d. high; high
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b
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15. Compared with North American students, Asian students perform a. better on math aptitude and achievements tests and they spend less time studying. b. no better on math aptitude and achievements tests and they spend less time studying. c. better on math aptitude and achievements tests and they spend more time studying. d. no better on math aptitude and achievements tests and they spend more time studying.
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c
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1. After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of a. homeostasis. b. a set point. c. the 10-year rule. d. an instinct.
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d
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2. Some students work hard in school to attain high grades. This best illustrates the importance of a. homeostasis. b. set points. c. unit bias. d. incentives.
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d
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3. Aaron is motivated to engage in risky activities simply for the sake of the thrill they give him. His motivation is best explained by a. arousal theory. b. the two-factor theory. c. drive-reduction theory. d. the James-Lange theory.
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a
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4. Which of the following is a hunger-arousing hormone secreted by the hypothalamus? a. PYY b. ghrelin c. leptin d. orexin
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d
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5. Obese patients whose daily caloric intake was dramatically reduced lost very little of their weight. This limited weight loss was due, at least in part, to the fact that their dietary restriction led to a(n) a. decrease in their secretion of ghrelin. b. elevation of their set points. c. decrease in their metabolic rate. d. elevation of their blood glucose levels.
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c
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6. When asked what is most necessary for a happy and meaningful life, most people first mention the importance of satisfying their ________ needs. a. achievement b. safety c. sexual d. belongingness
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d
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7. The stress normally experienced by refugees is lessened by chain migration. This best illustrates the importance of ________ needs. a. self-actualization b. physiological c. belongingness d. sexual
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c
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8. When Mr. Morgan misinterpreted his harmless symptoms of autonomic nervous system arousal as indicative of an impending heart attack, he suffered an unusually intense level of fear. His emotional suffering is best understood in terms of a. drive-reduction theory. b. the James-Lange theory. c. the Cannon-Bard theory. d. the two-factor theory.
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d
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9. If people who have just been aroused by watching rock videos are then insulted, their feelings of anger will be greater than those of people who have been similarly provoked but were not previously aroused. This best illustrates a. neophobia. b. homeostasis. c. the spillover effect. d. unit bias.
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c
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10. Some emotional responses to visual stimuli appear to involve no deliberate thinking. These emotional responses are said to follow a "low-road" pathway that bypasses the a. thalamus. b. amygdala. c. cerebral cortex. d. optic nerve.
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c
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11. The instantaneous and automatic fear response we experience when unexpectedly stumbling upon a snake illustrates the importance of the a. amygdala. b. hypothalamus. c. pituitary gland. d. hippocampus.
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a
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12. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system a. increases salivation and increases blood pressure. b. decreases salivation and decreases blood pressure. c. increases salivation and decreases blood pressure. d. decreases salivation and increases blood pressure.
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d
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13. The polygraph measures the changes in ________ that accompany emotion. a. blood sugar level b. hormone secretions c. pupil dilation d. perspiration
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d
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14. We find it especially difficult to detect from other people's facial expressions whether they are a. afraid b. angry. c. lying. d. disgusted.
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c
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15. If people wrinkle their noses in disgust when presented with a strange-looking food, they are likely to experience an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food. This best illustrates a. the Yerkes-Dodson law. b. unit bias. c. narcissism. d. the facial feedback effect.
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d
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1. By motivating us to satisfy our physical needs, hunger and thirst serve to a. raise the set point. b. maintain homeostasis. c. lower sex hormone levels. d. minimize the spillover effect.
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b
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2. Need is to ________ as drive is to ________. a. food deprivation; hunger b. motivation; incentive c. thirst; basal metabolic rate d. instinct; incentive
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a
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3. Feelings of hunger accompany ________ levels of blood glucose and ________ levels of ghrelin. a. low; low b. high; high c. low; high d. high; low
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c
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4. Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by environmental as well as biological factors. Some researchers have therefore adopted the term a. unit bias. b. drive reduction. c. basal metabolic rate. d. settling point.
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d
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5. Which of the following would be the BEST advice to offer someone who wants to lose excess weight? a. "Avoid complex carbohydrates like potatoes and pasta." b. "Permanent weight loss requires a lifelong change in eating and exercise habits." c. "Your self-esteem will increase dramatically if you can successfully lose weight." d. "Once you lose your excess weight, you will experience a big reduction in your appetite for food."
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b
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6. Our ________ is said to be a gauge of how socially accepted we feel. a. set point b. basal metabolic rate c. self-disclosure d. self-esteem
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d
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7. In one experiment, deeply-in-love university students experienced ________ when looking at their beloved's picture. a. narcissism b. unit bias c. ostracism d. pain relief
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d
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8. Achievement motivation refers to a. goal-oriented behavior. b. desire for significant accomplishment. c. a need to feel that the world is organized and predictable. d. a focused state of self-awareness.
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c
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9. Which theory suggests that you would not experience intense anger unless you were first aware of your racing heart or other symptoms of physiological arousal? a. drive-reduction theory b. the James-Lange theory c. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory d. the Cannon-Bard theory
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b
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10. The arousal that lingers after an intense argument may intensify sexual passion. This best illustrates a. narcissism. b. the spillover effect. c. unit bias. d. the facial feedback effect.
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b
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11. Antonio's car stalls in the middle of a railroad crossing just as a train is rapidly approaching. His emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by a. a decreased blood sugar level. b. a decreased respiration rate. c. contraction of the arteries. d. dilation of his pupils.
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d
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12. Exuberant infants and alert, energetic adults are especially likely to show high levels of brain activity in the a. limbic system. b. sensory cortex. c. cerebellum. d. left frontal lobe.
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d
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13. An approach to lie detection that assesses a suspect's physiological response to details of a crime known only to police investigators is called the a. 10-year rule. b. Yerkes-Dodson law. c. settling point. d. guilty knowledge test.
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d
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14. Feigned smiles are initiated ________ abruptly and last for a ________ time than genuine smiles. a. more; shorter b. less; longer c. more; longer d. less; shorter
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c
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15. If you mimic another person's facial expressions of emotion, you probably will feel increasing empathy for that person. This is best explained in terms of a. the Cannon-Bard theory. b. drive-reduction theory. c. the James-Lange theory. d. the Yerkes-Dodson theory.
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c
