Juvenile Justice Review 3 (test 3) – Flashcards
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What statement with regard to schools is false?
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a.the school plays no role in shaping the values of children
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Which of the following is not one of the problems faced by the U.S. education system?
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d.budget cutting has reduced educational resources in many communities
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Over time the overall dropout rate has:
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b.decreased
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Which of the following is not an educational factor related to dropping out?
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c. missing 10% of instructional time in a school year...
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Research by Dorn leads him to believe that:
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a. the dropout problem is a function of inequality of educational opportunity rather than the failure of individual students. ...
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Those who fail to meet expected levels of school achievement are _________ and are among the most likely to be delinquent.
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c. chronic underachievers
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What percent of Wolfgang's Philadelphia cohort study graduated from high school?
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a. 9%...
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There are three independent views on the association between school failure and delinquency; which of the following statements does not reflect one of these three views?
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a. school failure is unrelated to delinquency...
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Cohen contends that delinquency among lower class youths is a result of their poor preparation and socialization to function in schools. According to Cohen they essentially failed to live up to:
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d. middle class measuring rods...
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Which of the following is not a correlate of school failure according to the text?
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b. academic integration...
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Academic tracking refers to:
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c. dividing students into groups according to ability and achievement levels...
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Which of the following statements about tracking and school failure is true?
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a. studies indicate that non-college-track students experience progressive deterioration of achievement...
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About what percent of students report bringing a weapon to school regularly?
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a. 10...
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Which of the following is not a time when most school shooting incidents occur?
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d. during sporting events...
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Which of the following statements about school shooters is true?
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d.school shooters typically develop a plan of attack well in advance...
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According to the profile developed by the U.S. Secret Service, school shootings:
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d. involve shooters with a history of being bullied...
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Research indicates that the social and educational atmosphere of a school:
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a. is one of the most important predictors of levels of violence...
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Policies that mandate specific consequences or punishments for delinquent acts and do not allow anyone to avoid these consequences are referred to as:
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a. zero tolerance policies...
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A school-based prevention program based on behavioral strategies is most likely to involve:
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c.training students in techniques to resist peer pressure...
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Schools can drug test student athletes according to the United States Supreme Court decision in:
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c. vernonia school district v. acton...
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In what case did the Supreme Court rule that search measures used by school officials to root out contraband must be "reasonably related to the objectives of the search and not excessively intrusive in light of the age and sex of the student and the nature of the infraction?" 3
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a.Safford unified school district v. redding ...
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The 1969 Supreme Court case of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District is the most important case concerning:
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c. a students right to passive speech...
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Which of the following best describes the United States Supreme Court ruling in Santa Fe Independent School District, Petitioner v. Jane Doe?
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d. the court ruled that prayers led by an "elected" student undermines the protection of minority viewpoints...
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What legal doctrine gives the schools the right to assume some of the duties of parents, including discipline?
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a. in loco parentis...
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Which of the following best describes the United States Supreme Court ruling in Ingraham v. Wright concerning corporal punishment in schools?
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b.neither the eighth nore the fourteenth amendment was violated by a teachers use of corporal punishment to discipline students...
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Jazmyn is a 15-year old black Hispanic female who attends an inner-city high school in an economically disadvantaged part of town, where the completion rate is below 40%. Her GPA her first year was below 2.0 due to stress from family dysfunction and conflict. Because she has been placed in remedial classes, Jazmyn has no interest in academics and has been hanging out with older kids who engage in criminal behaviors. She recently started to act out in classes. Placement of Jazmyn in remedial classes is known as:
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a. tracking...
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Which statement is false with regard to minority students in school?
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b. black students are less likely to be suspended or expelled than white students...
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Mark is white, 16-years old and has been bullied since elementary school. He has a history of feeling isolated and severe depression. He recently wrote disturbing and threatening prose in English class. According to the text, what is known about bullying?
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d. all are factual about bullying...
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What is false regarding victims of school crimes?
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a. school crime is random...
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All-American High School has experienced an increase in school violence over the past year. School administration has implemented a number of security strategies, which include searching students randomly and has, ultimately, resulted in the suspensions of some students. What Supreme Court case ruled that any time a student is to be suspended for up to 10 days, he or she is entitled to a hearing?
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c. Goss v. Lopez...
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In what case did the Supreme Court hold that with regard to searches and seizures school officials are not bound by the same restrictions as law enforcement agents?
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D.New jersey v. T.L.O...
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The main active ingredient in marijuana is:
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b. tetrahydrocannabinol ...
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Crack is manufactured by using _________________________ to remove hydrochlorides to create a crystaline form of cocaine that can be smoked.
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a. sodium bicarbonate...
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The most widely used illegal drug amongst teenagers is:
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b. marijuana ...
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Derived from opium, __________________ is the most commonly used narcotic among adults in the United States.
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d. heroin...
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The practice of mixing___________________ is with cocaine is known as speedballing.
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d heroin...
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____________ is probably the most dangerous commonly abused drug.
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d. heroin...
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According to the text, ___________________ may be a factor in nearly half of all murders, suicides, and accidental deaths.
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a. alcohol...
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_________________ are central nervous system depressants, and they produce loss of sensation, stupor, and unconsciousness.
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b.anesthetic drugs...
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The most widely abused anesthetic drug is phencyclidine, also known as:
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d. PCP...
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Volatile liquids that give off a vapor and produce short-term excitement and euphoria followed by a period of disorientation, are known as:
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b. inhalents...
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__________________ are the most commonly used drugs of the barbiturate family, and they depress the central nervous system into a sleeplike condition.
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c. sedatives...
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Methedrine is the most widely used and most dangerous:
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a. amphetamine...
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Which is not a consequence of long-term steroid use?
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d. euphoria...
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According to the text, the most widely used designer drug is ecstasy, which is derived from:
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a. speed and methamohetamine...
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According to the 2011 Monitoring the Future survey, annual use of OxyContin, a prescription painkiller narcotic, ______________ among 12th graders from 2010.
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b. decreased marginally...
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The latest National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) results show that what percent of youths ages 12 to 17 engaged in binge drinking?
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a. 8%...
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According to the text, which of the following may be the most significant influence on long-term substance abuse?
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b. peer networks...
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For some adolescents, substance abuse is one of many problem behaviors that begin early in life and remain throughout the life course. This is known as:
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b. problem behavior syndrome...
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A _____________________ is a substance that leads to the use of more serious drugs.
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c. gateway drug...
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Levitt and Venkatesh's research on the financial activities of a drug-selling street gang indicates that:
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c. at least for drug dealers, factors other than income may explain participation in this activity...
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What statement is false with regard to those who persist in both substance abuse and crime?
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b.They do well in school...
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Which of the following is false with concern to drug use and delinquency?
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d. a relationship between alcohol and drug abuse and delinquency has not been substantiated by research...
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The most recent report from the National Institute of Justice's Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring found that:
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a. among juvenile detainees, almost 60 % of the males tested positive for marijuana...
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A great effort has been made to cut off supplies of drugs by destroying overseas crops and arresting members of drug cartels. This approach is known as:
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d. source control...
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Which of the South American countries has not agreed to coordinate drug control efforts with the United States?
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a. brazil...
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________________________therapy involves getting users to associate drugs with unpleasant sensations, such as nausea.
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d, aversion...
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The _______________________ technique developed by Scott Henggeler directs attention to family, peer, and psychological problems by focusing on problem solving and communication skills.
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a, multisystematic treatment...
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Drew is 17 years old and presents in your facility with depression, hallucinations, and the beginning stages of cirrhosis of the liver. His background is a turbulent, large family, divorce, and academic failure. Drew informs you that his best friend has similar problems. Given his symptoms, what substances might he be on?
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c. alcohol and marijuana...
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Drew is 17 years old and presents in your facility with depression, hallucinations, and the beginning stages of cirrhosis of the liver. His background is a turbulent, large family, divorce, and academic failure. Drew informs you that his best friend has similar problems. If Drew started using substances at an early age, what more than likely was the gateway drug for Drew?
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a. alcohol...
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As Drew's counselor, you address family and psychological issues by focusing on problem-solving and communication skills. What type of treatment are you providing?
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b.multisystemic...
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Kelly is 32 years old and has a history of substance abuse and committing crimes. He drank at 10 and started using marijuana at 13 and experimented with a variety of drugs over the years. His family was violent and criminally inclined. He grew up in a lower-economic neighborhood where crime thrived. Kelly dropped out of school at 16. According to research by Elliott, which of the following is not an association between substance abuse and delinquency?
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d. all are important associations...
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Police in a Texas border town have confiscated 250 kilos of cocaine and 50 pounds of heroin smuggled in from Mexico. If a user were to inject a mixture of both cocaine and heroin, what is it called?
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a.speedballing...
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What type of law enforcement was used to remove the drugs off the street?
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b.dealer targeting...
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In the past 40 years, what is the estimated total cost of the War on Drugs?
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d. $1 trillion...
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Programs or policies designed to prevent juvenile delinquency that include police making an arrest as part of an operation to address gang problems are considered:
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c. delinquency control...
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Programs or policies designed to prevent delinquency that involve day care providers, nurses, teachers, social workers fall under:
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a. delinquency prevention...
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Which of the following programs is not a delinquency prevention effort?
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b. boot camps...
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What statement about either form of delinquency prevention is false?
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d. many types of delinquency prevention programs do not involve juvenile justice personnel such as the police...
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One of the first efforts to classify juvenile delinquency prevention is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and grew out of this approach
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c. public health...
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Intervention with adjudicated juvenile offenders where the goal is to reduce repeat offending or recidivism through such measures as substance abuse treatment and imprisonment is
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c. tertiary prevention...
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Academic achievement, parental support and efficacy, and religiosity decrease the risk of occurrence of a future delinquent act and are considered:
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b. protective factors...
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What statement about the developmental perspective on delinquency prevention is false?
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d. it should be provided to children only due to their age...
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Which of the following is not a broad objective of the Nurse-Family Partnership?
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d. all are objectives of the program...
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The overestimate of the punitiveness of the general public on the part of politicians and others has become known as the:
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a. mythical punitive public...
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What statement about public support for delinquency prevention is false?
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c. Public support for "get tough" policies is higher when compared to alternatives such as rehabilitation or treatment for juvenile offenders or early childhood or youth prevention programs.
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What research finding about family-based prevention programs is false?
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...c. Multi-component programs produced larger effects that program duration and intensity.
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What is not one of the key features of a highly structured preschool program?
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d. Allowance for the administration of corporal punishment with parental approval. .
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What is not an area for which an evaluation of the Juvenile Mentoring Program (JUMP) found significant reductions in risk?
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...b. academic achievement
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According to work by Gottfredson and colleagues, what is the main difference between school programs that work and those that do not?
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a. Targeting an array of important risk factors
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Based on work by Gottfredson and associates, what school-based program does not work?
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b. Instructional programs that limit focus to a few social competency skills.
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The main goal of Job Corps, developed and designed by the Department of Labor, is:
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c. to improve the employability of participants
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What is true about Job Corps?
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b. The three main components of the program are vocational skills training, basic education and health care.
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Of the evaluations of job training programs, what statement is true?
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d. Due to skills learned, greater earnings were gained by those in the programs.
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The juvenile justice system exercises jurisdiction over two distinct categories of offenders:
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b. delinquent and status
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Under the parens patriae philosophy, juvenile justice procedures are:
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a. informal and non-adversarial...
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Like adults, juveniles are protected against unreasonable searches and seizures under the ________________ and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution.
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c. fourth...
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A(n) __________________ for a juvenile is similar to a criminal trial for an adult.
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b.adjudicatory hearing...
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Waiving a juvenile who committed a serious crime is not dependent upon:
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d. victims impact statement...
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Most juvenile court acts require a dispositional hearing separate from the adjudication; this procedure is known as a:
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a.bifurcated process...
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Juvenile aftercare is similar to ____________________ for adults.
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b.parole...
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Which of the following is not a benefit of using the comprehensive juvenile justice strategy as discussed in the text?
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c.more youths entering the juvenile justice system...
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Which of the following statements about the juvenile justice system is false?
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a. the terminology used in juvenile justice is designed to stigmatize kids...
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The National Research Council and Institute of Medicine's Panel on Juvenile Crime expressed alarm over an increasingly punitive juvenile justice system and recommended that the federal government should assist states:
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a.to develop community based alternatives...
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Jessica is 16, single and a mother of a 3-month old baby girl. She has been provided weekly visits by a nurse who comes to her place of residence. The nurse gives advice to Jessica about care of her child, infant development, and the importance of proper nutrition. What type of delinquency prevention is home visitation within this scenario?
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a. primary prevention...
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Johnny is 13, impulsive, failing school, and is poorly supervised by his parents. He was placed into Big Brothers/Big Sisters. He was matched with a male volunteer who encourages and supports him in various academic ventures and serves as a role model. What broad category of delinquency prevention is being providing to Johnny through his participation in Big Brothers/Big Sisters?
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a. developmental perspective...
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Johnny's characteristics are ______________________ that increase the potential for future delinquency.
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a. risk factors...
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Tony is 15 and was caught vandalizing school property. He is a first-time, nonviolent offender and was offered to have his case heard in front of his peers. What type of program has been offered to Tony?
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d. diversion...
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What is not one of the potential benefits of the alternative program Tony participated in?
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c. community disintegration...
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Youth courts are part of a comprehensive juvenile justice strategy in which what component is not included?
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d. consistent use of detention for status offenders...
