Anthro 102 Quizzes – Flashcards
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What is unique about anthropology's approach to issues?
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All of the above are true.
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Coprolites are
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fossilized fecal matter.
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Which of the following is not an area of specialization in contemporary biological anthropology?
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Racial Anthropology
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The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural, and viewing the different practices of other people as strange and unnatural, is called
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ethnocentrism.
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An anthropologist studying female circumcision might be horrified by the practice, but must also be able to suspend personal judgment in order to understand the beliefs and practices of others within their own cultural context. This is understood as
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cultural relativism
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Anthropologist Eric Wolf believes that _________ is inherent in all relationships.
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stratification
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Anthropologists seek to counter ethnocentrism by
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objectively, accurately, and sensitively representing the diversity of human life and culture.
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Antonio Gramsci described two aspects of power that included material power and the ability to create
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consent and agreement
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Community members who guide, advise, and teach the ethnographer during fieldwork are called
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key informants.
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Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard
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researched social life among the Nuer of Africa.
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A language continuum is defined as...
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the idea that variation in languages appears gradually over distance between places.
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A nonstandard variation of a language is referred to as a
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dialect
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According to the textbook, human languages are being
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According to the textbook, human languages are being
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Individuals in descent groups whose primary relationships are determined in the United States as consanguineal are based on
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blood
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One way in which humans construct kinship groups is by tracking genealogical
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descent.
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The U.S. practice of marriage to an individual outside of a particular group of people either by force of law or by power of tradition, is known as
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kindred exogamy
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Which of the following is a person who sacrifices his or her life for the sake of his or her religion?
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martyr
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When looking at the stages of rites of passage, liminality is viewed as
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The ambiguous, transitional stage of time and space.
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The role of the Catholic Church in the Zapatista Movement in the Chiapas region of southern Mexico illustrates a relationship in Mexico between religion and
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revolution
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Which continent has the most people?
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Asia has 60.3% of the world's population in 2012
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Who defines culture as "that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by [a human] as a member of society"?
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Edward Taylor
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Which is not one of the four fields of anthropology? -Archaeology -Linguistic Anthro -Cultural Anthro -Geological Anthro
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Geological Anthropology
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Bronislaw Malinowski employed an early form of ________ in his anthropological research conducted in the Trobriand Islands.
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structural functionalism
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Humans learn culture from people and cultural institutions that surround them, but this occurs
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over their entire lives
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Which is the opposite of Gramsci's idea of hegemony?
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James Scott's ideas about individual agency
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Anthropologists have shown that chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates are able to communicate about things and events that are not in the present. This is on par with the human aspect of language that allows for...
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displacement
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Based on evidence from Benjamin Lee Whorf's research with the Hopi, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that
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different languages create different ways of thinking
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In 1996, the Oakland School District proposed
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Ebonics- as a distinct language and supporting student speakers of Black english as if they were learning Standard English as a second language in school
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Summer Institute of Linguistics
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sends missionaries into the field to create written versions of indigenous languages
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Language encompasses..
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signs and symbols with learned and shared meaning
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What types of evidence have anthropologists drawn on to approximate when humans first began to use language
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all of the above
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Rituals are an act or series of acts regularly repeated over years or generations that embody the beliefs of a group of people. Commonalities in rituals that create a sense of continuity and belonging include
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The formal, stylized, repetitive nature of ritual
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What do Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have in common?
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Monotheistic, abrahamic, semitic, prophetic
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According to the textbook, one of the primary reasons that the study of religion in anthropology is difficult is because
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there is a wide range of local religious expression
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E. E. Evans-Pritchard conducted fieldwork among the Azande and rebuffed Weber's earlier assertion that science and modernization would lead to the decline of magic. A key part of Evans-Prichard's work held that magic was in face very
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rational
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French sociologist Emile Durkheim argued that which of the following was key to allowing a society to regenerate its sense of social solidarit
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ritual
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German political philosopher Karl Marx called which of the following "the opiate of the masses"?
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RELIGION
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Max Weber suggested that as Western Christianity evolved there was a decrease in which of the following?
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decline practices based on tradition, ritual, and magic
