At the start of "Insomnia", a crime/drama film, two detectives (Will Dormer and Hap Eckhart) are sent from Los Angeles to a quiet Alaskan town to solve the murder of a young girl. The sequence begins with an establishing shot of a police station with a sign to the left saying "City of Nightmute Alaska", indicating the setting. As Alaska is known for being isolated, the viewer may anticipate a slow-paced film with few characters involved in the plot, and the isolation of the setting potentially relevant to the narrative.
The rural and isolated setting of the building is reinforced by the surrounding bushes and large mountainside. This creates a strong impression of remoteness. In a mid shot, Ellie Burr, a female detective, enters what appears to be an office where filing cabinets, folders and documents can be seen behind her. The Venetian blinds behi
...nd the characters dominate the background, almost resembling bars. This conveys entrapment. The camera focuses on individual character's faces in close-up shots while they talk, resulting in most shots showing only one person at a time. This separation between characters is highlighted further when they avoid eye contact during conversation.
The image of detectives working in an office with blinds immediately brings to mind classic film noir. This genre often includes the use of blinds in the background, as seen in Fritz Lang's 1944 movie The Woman in The Window, especially in its prologue where Edward G. Robinson discusses the motives behind homicide. Referencing these conventions of film noir, sets up the expectation of a gloomy atmosphere throughout the film. In this scene, a subtle technique includes showcasing a miniature American flag in
the background of Detective Nyback's shots. This reinforces his patriotism and reveals some of his character traits as a small-town cop who may be somewhat naive compared to homicide detectives Dormer and Eckhart from Los Angeles. Burr and Nyback's differing characters are also reflected in their clothing, both of them wear their police uniforms consisting of blue polo shirts with police badges on them.
The jacket worn by Burr is uniform and quite baggy, which suggests that she may not be fully capable in her role as a police woman. This use of mise-en-scene evokes a sense of sympathy compared to the other detectives. Dormer and Eckhart, on the other hand, wear leather trench coats, which are typically associated with noir film protagonists. Despite this similarity, their modern leather trench coats differ from the traditional ones. This is just one of the many associations between the film and classic noir. Additionally, the isolated setting where the two detectives are stranded resembles the isolation felt by noir characters in a vast, dark metropolis.
The small, quiet town in Insomnia is illuminated by constant light (at that time of year), replacing the darkness of traditional noir cityscapes. When the detectives are in the autopsy room, the set design incorporates background props such as pipes, taps, and chemical bottles to achieve a cold, clinical feel, while the coroner's lab coat reinforces a scientific approach toward death. The scene uses overhead lighting to emphasize the actors' cheekbones and relatively low key lighting to create an atmospheric, sombre mood reminiscent of film noir's essential component.
The use of low key lighting creates a dim and emotionless atmosphere, which matches the detachedness of Dormer's
character in response to the incidents and death of the girl. This convention of classic noir portrays a 'hard-boiled' and unemotional detective with less color than usual, as seen in the sterile autopsy room. Furthermore, the lighting from above highlights the cheekbones and eye sockets of the actors, giving them a skeletal appearance that ties in with death themes. Detective Dormer's face is often shadowed on one side throughout the scene.
Chiaroscuro lighting is employed in the film to create an atmosphere of suspicion around the detective. Shadows are consistently present throughout the sequence, adding a connection to noir films. This, combined with an ominous soundtrack and frequent close-ups, generates a strong sense of curiosity and fear in the audience over the unusual murder circumstances. Meanwhile, during the autopsy scene, the detectives examine various details about the victim, including bruising, washed hair, and clipped fingernails.
While discussing how the body was modified after death and what the victim was wearing, close-up flashbacks from the murderer's perspective create intrigue and curiosity for the audience. Extreme close-ups limit the viewer's perspective, deepening the enigma. The performance of the actors is another element of mise-en-scene. It involves casting, costuming, and movement. Al Pacino, known for his role in Michael Mann's Heat as Lieutenant Vincent Hanna, was chosen specifically to play Detective Dormer. In Heat, Pacino's character becomes personally invested in investigating a gang of professional criminals and confronting one of the suspects.
The character played by Pacino apprehends the man he is pursuing but opts to have coffee with him instead of arresting him. They converse at a cafe about their goals, lives, and principles. As their talk ends, they
both acknowledge that they may have to kill each other if necessary. Pacino's character, Dormer, becomes excessively involved in the investigation and finally meets the suspect, Finch, on a boat. Dormer informs Finch that he's just like other criminals and will not escape punishment. In response, Finch tries to deceive Dormer into feeling remorseful by implying that he intentionally killed his partner when it was an accident.
There are elements of neo-noir in the film Heat, which is linked to the similarities between it and the noir film Insomnia. Detective Dormer's character background feels unnecessary to explore, as it can be presumed to be similar to Lieutenant Hanna's. The protagonist's enigmatic and cynical past, a common feature in noir films, is also present in Heat.
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