question

Hemoglobin

answer

This molecule transports oxygen from the capillary beds of the lungs to the body tissues

question

Oxygen saturation

answer

The ratio of oxygen bound to hemoglobin Measured with a pulse oximeter

question

2,3 DPG

answer

This enzyme stimulates oxygen release from hemoglobin when blood pH is low (hypoxic/acidotic).

question

Carboxyhemaglobin

answer

Hemoglobin disorder in which hgb has a higher affinity for carbon monoxide than for oxygen. The Oxygen-Hemoglobin curve shifts left, patient is hypoxemic, and blood appears bright red.

question

Methemoglobin

answer

Hemoglobin disorder in which the iron molecule of hgb is oxidized into Fe+3, causing a left shift in the Oxygen-Hemoglobin curve. Blood becomes brown colored.

question

Erythropoiesis

answer

The production and formation of red blood cells

question

Reticulocyte

answer

The stage of red blood cell development just prior to maturation

question

Metarubricyte

answer

A red blood cell more immature than a reticulocyte

question

Rubriblast

answer

The most immature stage of red blood cell development

question

Leukocytosis

answer

Medical term for an increase in white blood cells

question

Leukopenia

answer

Medical term for a decreased number of white blood cells

question

Neutrophil

answer

Granulocyte that functions in phagocytosis, secretion of mediators of inflammation, antibacterial properties, and microbiocidal action

question

Eosinophil

answer

Granulocyte that functions in phagocytosis, parasiticidal action, and allergy reactions

question

Basophil

answer

Granulocyte that functions in inflammation and parasiticidal action, and release histamines

question

Circulating pool

answer

Consists of freely moving neutrophils, this is the pool sampled from when blood is drawn

question

Marginal pool

answer

Consists of neutrophils that are "stuck" to the walls of small vessels Neutrophils from this pool will be sampled more often in a stressed animal

question

Heterophil

answer

Neutrophils in other species that are elongated and have red staining granules

question

Band neutrophil

answer

Immature neutrophil that is slightly darker staining and with a horseshoe shaped, symmetrical nucleus with rounded ends

question

Left shift

answer

An increase in band neutrophils in the peripheral blood, resulting from an increased demand for neutrophils due to infection.

question

Barr body

answer

Represents a remnant of the X chromosome and indicates the animal is female Small protrusion on the nucleus of a neutrophil

question

Lymphocyte

answer

An agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection Only leukocyte that recirculates

question

B cell

answer

A type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies

question

T cell

answer

A type of lymphocyte that produces lymphokines, the mediates of cellular immunity

question

Lymphoblast

answer

An immature lymphocyte that should never be seen in the circulating blood -- usually indicates cancer is present in the patient.

question

Monocyte

answer

An agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection The largest leukocyte, has a very irregular nucleus and sometimes contains vacuoles

question

Macrophage

answer

Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces

question

Macrocytosis

answer

Increased number of larger than normal cells, indicative of immature cells present in the blood likely resulting from regenerative anemia.

question

Microcytosis

answer

Increased numbers of smaller than normal red blood cells, indicative of the presence of spherocytes May occur in IMHA

question

Normocytic

answer

Refers to normal sized (mature) erythrocytes Term used to describe a normal MCV value (66-77 fL)

question

Anisocytosis

answer

A general presence of variation in cell size

question

Normochromic

answer

Term used to describe a normal MCHC value Cells stain pink with an area of central pallor

question

Polychromasia

answer

Medical term used to describe cells with a bluish tint because of remaining organelles in the cytoplasm

question

Hypochromasia

answer

Lack or decrease in staining intensity because of a decrease in cellular hemoglobin Term for a low MCHC value

question

Poikilocytosis

answer

A general presence of variation in cell shape Common in pigs

question

Acanthocytes

answer

Cells with irregularly shaped margins/projections from the cell wall Commonly seen with liver disease, hemangiosarcoma, poor technique

question

Schistocytes

answer

Fragmented red blood cells Clots in the vessels result in RBCs getting damaged and fragmented as they pass through Seen with DIC, vascular neoplasia, and bad heartworm disease

question

Echinocytes

answer

Also called burr cells, these red blood cells have regular spine-like projections from all surfaces of the cell, appear fuzzy Commonly seen in renal disease and lymphosarcoma

question

Crenation

answer

Term used to describe misshapen red blood cells, often due to poor technique

question

Target cell

answer

Also called a Mexican Hat cell, the membrane folds over and becomes distorted Commonly seen in liver disease

question

Spherocytes

answer

Small, dense, and dark staining cells that lack central pallor Suggestive of IMHA, toxins, and infectious disorders May be seen in mismatched blood transfusions Hallmark sign of hemolysis in a dog

question

Rouleaux

answer

A clump of red blood cells that appear to be stacked like a roll of coins Is a normal finding in horses and cats Should not be seen in dogs

question

Agglutination

answer

Clumped RBCs, typically seen with immune diseases such as IMHA and may be seen in mismatched blood transfusions

question

Basophilic stippling

answer

A type of RBC inclusion in which small, blue staining granules are visualized, giving the cell a speckled egg appearance Granules are residual RNA Indicative of lead toxicity in dogs

question

Equine

answer

This species does not release reticulocytes in response to anemias

question

CBC

answer

This diagnostic blood test includes red and white blood cell counts, platelet counts, PCV, differential blood smear, and hemoglobin measurement

question

Buffy coat

answer

This portion of the PCV is composed of white blood cells and platelets

question

PCV

answer

Also called the hematocrit, this measurement is the percentage of erythrocytes compared to the total sample volume in the tube

question

MCV

answer

Erythrocyte index that describes the average RBC size, measured in fentoliters

question

MCHC

answer

Erythrocyte index that indicates the average concentration of hemoglobin in the RBC, measured in grams per deciliter

question

MCH

answer

Erythrocyte index that indicates the amount of hemoglobin per average RBC by weight, measured in picograms

question

Megakaryocyte

answer

Large, giant cell with a big nucleus, is the precursor to platelets

question

Hemostasis

answer

Medical term for the function of platelets

question

Thrombocytopenia

answer

Medical term for a deficiency of platelets

question

Thrombocytosis

answer

Medical term for an abundance of platelets

question

Neutrophilia

answer

Medical term for an abundance of neutrophils

question

Neutropenia

answer

Medial term for a deficiency of neutrophils

question

Eosinophilia

answer

Medical term for an abundance of eosinophils

question

Eosinopenia

answer

Medical term for a deficiency of eosinophils

question

Lymphocytosis

answer

Medical term for an abundance of lymphocytes

question

Lymphocytopenia

answer

Medical term for a deficiency of lymphocytes

question

Monocytosis

answer

Medical term for an abundance of monocytes

question

Monocytopenia

answer

Medical term for a deficiency of monocytes

question

Regenerative left shift

answer

Total white blood cell count is elevated due to neutrophilia and the number of band neutrophils is equal to or less than the number of mature neutrophils Indicates proper bone marrow response

question

Degenerative left shift

answer

Total white blood cell count may be normal or low, and the number of band neutrophils exceeds the number of mature neutrophils Indicates bone marrow cannot meet the demand for production and is usually a poor prognosis

question

Stress leukogram

answer

An unusual leukogram that shows... Moderate leukocytosis Mature neutrophilia Lymphopenia and eosinopenia No left shift

question

Exercise response

answer

An unusual leukogram that shows... Leukocytosis Mild neutrophilia with no left shift Lymphocytosis

question

Reactive lymphocyte

answer

Lymphocytes that have been stimulated to produce antibodies or lymphokines Appear to have increased cytoplasm, increased basophilia

question

Hypersegmentation

answer

A type of neutrophil toxicity in which the nucleus has 5 or more lobes May be due to normal aging changes, Cushing's disease, or chronic inflammation Indicates neutrophils are working too hard for too long

question

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

answer

WBC disorder in which neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are not segmented properly, but function normally Mimics a left shift

question

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

answer

WBC disorder in which granules are abnormally large in granulocytes Cells do not function properly, leading to an increased susceptibility to infection

question

Inflammatory leukogram

answer

An unusual leukogram that shows... Leukocytosis Neutrophilia Lymphocytopenia Degenerative left shift

question

Heinz body

answer

Name this RBC inclusion

question

Howell-Jolly body

answer

Name this RBC inclusion

question

Mycoplasma felis

answer

Name this blood parasite

question

Anaplasma marginale

answer

Name this blood parasite

question

Anaplasma phagocytophilium

answer

Name this blood parasite

question

Babesia

answer

Name this blood parasite

question

Cytauxzoon felis

answer

Name this blood parasite

question

Dohle body

answer

The abnormality on this cell is an indication of a toxic neutrophil (Small blue dot on upper left quadrant of cell)

Hematology – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards