Neuro Exam 4, Practice Test 2 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Which is NOT a cause of an abscess in the brain or spinal cord? a. Surgery b. contiguous focus of infection c. hematogenous spread d. antibiotics and steroids e. cryptogenically
answer
d. antibiotics and steroids
question
_________ aneurysms are a weakening in the arterial wall caused by a fracture line, penetrating missile, after neurosurgical procedures, or after an angiogram. a. Traumatic b. Mycotic c. Fusiform d. Saccular
answer
a. Traumatic
question
In the autonomic dysreflexia pathway, reflex stimulus to the major sympathetic outflow results in all of the following EXCEPT: a. vasospasm. b. pallor of skin. c. hypotension. d. pilomotor spasm
answer
c. hypotension.
question
All of the following statements about brain metastases are true EXCEPT: a. brain metastases are approximately 10 times more common than primary brain tumors in adults. b. lung and breast are the most common tumors to have brain metastases within 1-3 years of diagnoses. c. brain metastases are least likely to be found in the frontal lobe with adults. d. the brain metastatic process requires a series of sequential events, called the "metastatic cascade
answer
c. brain metastases are least likely to be found in the frontal lobe with adults.
question
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of CNS infection? a. Fever b. Head, or spine pain c. Generalized or focal neurologic dysfunction d. Oliguria
answer
d. Oliguria
question
Which of the following is associated with category 2 HIV associated dementia (HAD)? a. Clouding of consciousness b. Decline in work or other activities of daily living c. Behavior indicative of denial d. Significant impairment in work and other ADLs
answer
d. Significant impairment in work and other ADLs
question
What is the primary cause of cerebral hemorrhage? a. Contusion b. Atherosclerosis c. Trauma d. Hypertension
answer
d. Hypertension
question
In classic cerebral concussion, loss of consciousness lasts as long as 6 hrs and reflexes are lost causing falls. Which of the following is NOT usually seen? a. Transient cessation of respirations Incorrect incorrect. Transient cessation of respirations is seen with classic cerebral concussion b. Brief periods of bradycardia c. Decreases in BP lasting 30 seconds or less d. Tachycardia with heart rate up to 140
answer
d. Tachycardia with heart rate up to 140
question
The irritation and damage to CN VIII can cause the following: a. deafness, tinnitus, & vertigo. b. difficulty swallowing. c. visual field deficit and ocular pressure. d. death.
answer
a. deafness, tinnitus, & vertigo.
question
Which of the following is defined as an infection of the CNS that is an acute febrile illness of viral origin with nervous system involvement? a. Viral Meningitis b. TB Meningitis c. Encephalitis d. Echovirus Menigitis
answer
c. Encephalitis
question
Where are 50% of metastatic spinal cord tumors located? a. Extradural b. Intramedullary c. Intradural d. Extramedullary
answer
a. Extradural
question
The signs and symptoms of a herniated intervertebral disk are determined by the location and size of the herniation into the spinal canal. Therefore, all of the following symptoms are present with a herniated disk in the lumbosacral area EXCEPT? a. Paresthesia and pain in the upper extremities b. Limited range of motion in the lumbar spine c. Pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve d. Tenderness with palpation along the sciatic nerve
answer
a. Paresthesia and pain in the upper extremities
question
Aseptic viral meningitis can include involvement of cranial nerves _____? a. V b. III c. V & VII d. X
answer
c. V & VII
question
Clinical manifestations of meningiomas of the olfactory groove include all of the following EXCEPT: a. visual failure. b. personality change. c. anosomia. d. urinary Incontinence.
answer
d. urinary Incontinence.
question
During the "headache phase" of a patient with a migraine, how long do symptoms typically last? a. 5-6 minutes b. 20-25 minutes c. 1 week d. 4-72 hours (about one day)
answer
d. 4-72 hours (about one day)
question
Ninety-percent of patients present with what type of Multiple Sclerosis? a. Relapsing-Remitting b. Primary Progressive c. Secondary Progressive d. Progressive-Relapsing
answer
a. Relapsing-Remitting
question
Cerebral type syndrome of Multiple Sclerosis can have short-lived attacks or temporary worsening of symptoms. All of the following are causes of these short-lived attacks EXCEPT. a. Minor increased body temperature b. Increases in serum Ca++ levels c. Physical or Emotional Stress d. Sleep
answer
d. Sleep
question
Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of myasthenia gravis? a. Foremost complaint of muscular fatigue and progressive weakness. b. Recent history of recurring URI's c. Respiratory muscles of the diaphragm and chest wall become stronger and ventilation is improved d. Muscles of the eyes, face, mouth, throat, and neck are usually affected first
answer
c. Respiratory muscles of the diaphragm and chest wall become stronger and ventilation is improved
question
Presynaptic autoimmune diseases include neurotonia with autoantibodies to the __________ channels and the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome with autoantibodies to _______ channels. a. potassium; calcium b. calcium; potassium c. sodium; potassium d. potassium; sodium e. sodium; calcium
answer
a. potassium; calcium
question
Plexus injuries involve the nerve plexus ______ to the spinal roots but _______ to the formation of the peripheral nerves. a. distal; proximal b. proximal; distal c. anterior; posterior d. posterior; anterior
answer
a. distal; proximal
question
_____________ carries impulses to the brain? a. The spinothalamic tract b. Autonomic hyperreflexia c. The splanchic nerve d. Motor output
answer
a. The spinothalamic tract
question
Which of the following are NOT clinical manifestations of partial spinal cord transection? a. Syndromic craniosynostosis b. Anterior cord syndrome c. Cauda equina syndrome d. Syndrome of neuropraxia
answer
a. Syndromic craniosynostosis
question
Spinal cord tumors are named to reflect their cell type, growth rate, and structure of origin. When a spinal tumor is originating within the neural tissue it is classified as a ______________? a. Intramedullary tumor b. Extramedullary tumor c. Intradural tumor d. Extradural tumor
answer
a. Intramedullary tumor
question
Spondylolisthesis is a stress fracture allowing a vertebra to do what in relation to the vertebra below? a. Slide backwards b. Shift laterally c. Slide forward d. Compress down
answer
c. Slide forward
question
What is the MOST COMMON site affected by Spondylolysis? a. The cervical spine b. The thoracic spine c. The lumbar spine d. The sacral spine
answer
c. The lumbar spine
question
The area of the brain infarcted by a CVA involving the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is? a. Superior territory b. Inferior territory c. Temporal territory d. Central territory
answer
d. Central territory
question
______________ is the major cause of rapidly developing and subacutely developing subdural hematomas. a. Tearing of the bridging veins b. Arterial rupture c. Skull fracture d. Intracerebral hemorrhage
answer
a. Tearing of the bridging veins
question
The triad of clinical manifestations of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) includes neurocognitive impairment, behavioral disturbance and ___________? a. motor abnormalities b. cognitive regression c. medical student's syndrome d. spasmotic dysphonia e. synesthesia
answer
a. motor abnormalities
question
Which of the following viruses is known to develop chronic CNS disease? a. HIV b. Lyme disease c. Herpes simplex d. Rubella
answer
a. HIV
question
True or False: Unconsciousness, flacidity, or decebrate posture are associated with a 94% mortality.
answer
True
question
True or False: Astrocytomas are the most common primary CNS tumors.
answer
True
question
True or False: Autonomic neuropathies have a progressive course and are usually irreversible?
answer
False
question
True or False: Bleeding from an AVM into the subarachnoid space causes clinical manifestations identical to those associated with a ruptured aneurysm.
answer
True
question
True or False: A cerebral hemorrhage resolves through reabsorption.
answer
True
question
True or False: The local manifestations of a cranial tumor are caused by the destructive action of the tumor itself on a particular site in the brain and compression causing decreased cerebral blood flow. The general manifestations result from increased ICP.
answer
True
question
True or False: In the Tx of thrombotic CVA, systemic anticoagulants (TPA, Heparin) have been shown to be effective, including aspirin.
answer
True
question
True or False: The severity of a diffuse brain injury correlates with the direction and velocity of the rotation; how much shearing force was applied to the brain.
answer
True
question
True or False: An artery is the source of bleeding in 85% of extradural (epidural) hematomas.
answer
True
question
True or False: Fungal Meningitis is less common than bacterial or viral meningitis, is chronic, more common in impaired immune system, caused by histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, candidiasis, and aspergillosis.
answer
True
question
True or False: Guillain-Barre syndrome is an acquired acute inflammatory demyelinating or axonal polyneuropathy with four subtypes.
answer
True
question
True or False: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is classified as a retrovirus.
answer
True
question
True or False: Hyperextension of the spine can result in fracture or nonfracture injuries with spinal cord damage.
answer
True
question
True or False: Multiple sclerosis is a primary autoimmune disorder diffusely involving degeneration of CNS myelin and loss of axons.
answer
True
question
True or False: Severe diffuse axonal injury (DAI) was formally called primary brainstem injury or brainstem contusion.
answer
True
question
True or False: Hyperflexion produces translation (subluxation) of vertebrae, which compromises the central canal and compresses spinal cord parenchyma or vascular structures.
answer
True
question
True or False: Intramedullary spinal cord tumors (notably ependymomas) involve the central gray matter of the spinal cord, and may produce syringomyelic syndrome, or inflammation of the spinal cord.
answer
True
question
True or False: Toxoplasmosis is the MOST common oppertunistic infection occurring in 1/3 of AIDS cases.
answer
True
question
A 30 year old male goes to a health clinic with complaints of severe headaches lasting 30 mins to 2 hours that occur during the daytime for several days. It is a unilateral tearing, burning, and periorbital or temporal pain. What is a possible diagnosis for this headache? a. Cranial headache b. Cluster headache c. Intracerebral tumor causing a headache d. Brudzinski sign
answer
b. Cluster headache
question
When the force of an impact produces brain contusions, the focal injury may be _____ (directly bellow the point of impact) or _____ (on the pole opposite the site of impact. a. Coup; Contrecoup b. Contrecoup; Coup
answer
a. Coup; Contrecoup
question
What is true regarding intracranial aneurysms? a. 85-95% occur in the anterior portion of the circle of Willis b. In 20-25% of cases there are more than one aneurysm present c. Peak incidence of rupture is from 50-60 years of age, with women having a slightly greater amount of incidences d. All of the above statements are true.
answer
d. All of the above statements are true.
question
All of the following cause inflammatory changes in the nerve root EXCEPT a. Inflammatory arachnoiditis Incorrect b. Sarcoidosis c. Neurosyphilis d. Herniated disk
answer
d. Herniated disk
question
Which of the following is true about Saccular Aneurysms (berry aneurysms)? a. They have the highest incidence of rupturing or bleeding between ages 20 and 50. b. Occur in approximately 2% of the population c. Saccular Aneurysms may be round with a narrow stalk connecting it to the parent artery, broad based without a stalk, or cylindric in shape. d. All of the above statements are true.
answer
d. All of the above statements are true.
question
Which of the following are not clinical manifestations of complete spinal cord transection. a. loss of motor function b. muscle flaccidity c. loss of all reflexes below level of injury d. preservation of some sensation below level of injury
answer
d. preservation of some sensation below level of injury
question
The least commonly occurring glioma is _________? a. Astrocytoma b. Oligodendroglioma c. Ependymoma d. Oligoastrocytoma
answer
b. Oligodendroglioma
question
Arteries that feed directly into veins through a vascular tangle are called arteriovenous malformations and they are often shaped like a ______. a. Cone b. Circle c. Square d. Triangle
answer
a. Cone
question
Which statement is FALSE in regards to autonomic neuropathy? a. Autonomic neuropathies have a progressive course b. Autonomic neuropathies are usually reversable c. Autonomic neuropathy only affects the sympathetic nerve fibers d. Autonomic neuropathy can affect the CV, GI and multiple other bodily systems
answer
c. Autonomic neuropathy only affects the sympathetic nerve fibers
question
Clinical manifestation of brain abscesses included all the following except: a. Headache and nuchal rigidity Incorrect b. Confusion c. Asterixis d. Drowsiness e. Sensory and communication deficits
answer
c. Asterixis
question
Regarding cerebral infarct which statement is INCORRECT? a. A global infarct affects neurons most susceptible to ischemia b. A focal infarct includes a central zone of cell loss surrounded by a zone of injured cells c. Cellular and biochemical events involve an increase of glucose delivery to the cerebrum d. Infarcted areas may lose auto-regulation of blood flow
answer
c. Cellular and biochemical events involve an increase of glucose delivery to the cerebrum
question
Which sensorimotor syndrome is characterized by symptoms that are gradual, progressive, and initially manifest asymmetrically? a. Compressive Syndrome b. Syringomyelic Syndrome c. None of the Above d. Irrative Syndrome
answer
a. Compressive Syndrome
question
Which of the following include causes of encephalitis? a. Systemic viral infection from poliomyelitis, rabies, or mononucleosis b. Post recovery from viral infection such as rubella or rubeola c. Vaccination with live attenuated virus such as Measles, Mumps, and Rubella d. Typhus, trichinoisis, malaria, or schistosomiasis infections e. All of the above
answer
e. All of the above
question
What type of headache begins without warning and usually involves severe, unilateral tearing, burning, periorbital, and retrobulbar or temporal pain lasting 30 minutes to 2 hours. a. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania b. Cluster headache c. Tension headache d. Cranial tumor
answer
b. Cluster headache
question
Which definition best describes a Diffuse Brain Injury? a. Injury that involves the laceration and crushing of whatever tissue the missile (bullets, rocks, knives, etc.) touches. b. Injury that involves blood vessels and nerves that are damaged without direct contact due to the amount of tissue stretched. c. Injury to the coverings of the brain (scalp lacerations), skull fractures, lacerations of the meninges, and cerebral lacerations. d. Injury that results from a shaking effect (inertial effects of mechanical input to the head associated with high levels of acceleration and deceleration).
answer
d. Injury that results from a shaking effect (inertial effects of mechanical input to the head associated with high levels of acceleration and deceleration).
question
True or False: The drug Riluzole, an antiglutamate, is the standard treatment for ALS and decreases the risk of death by 35%?
answer
True
