question

What is pharmacology

answer

study of drugs and their actions on living organisms

question

What does a pharmacist study?

answer

the physical responses and adaptations to drugs

question

In terms of Physical Activity, What can pharmacological agents improve?

answer

1. Enhance or inhibit sports performance 2. Improve ability for physical activity 3. Be a contraindication for Physical Activity

question

Who studied the the action of nux vomica on dogs

answer

Francois Magendie

question

Who was the first university chair of pharmacology

answer

Rudolf Buchheim

question

The founder of modern pharmacolgy

answer

Oswald Schmeideburg

question

the first AMERICAN pharmacology

answer

John Abel

question

What is the job of the FDA

answer

approves new drugs and monitor drugs for adverse or toxic effects

question

When is lab animals and invitro work done

answer

Pre-FDA status

question

During which phase is there 20-100 patients, testing for 4-6wks

answer

phase 1

question

At which phase do we treat humans who do not have the disease

answer

phase 2

question

What happens in the clinical phase 3

answer

very large sample of people who have the disease, but are providing feedback on adverse effects.

question

What is the Organ Drug act of 1983

answer

helps companies develop drugs for very rare quality of the disease. EX: thalidomide for leporasy, and Triptorelin for ovarian cancers

question

what type of programs shortens the approval process

answer

Special FDA programs

question

Chemical name

answer

scientific name that describes the atomic and molecular structure

question

generic name

answer

an abbreviation of the chemical name. EX: Loratadine

question

official name

answer

name listed in the US pharmacopoeia and national formulary

question

trade name

answer

name selected by the company and protected with copyrights. EX: Claratin

question

what are legend drugs

answer

prescription drugs

question

When did the pure food and drug act pass

answer

1906

question

responsible for testing all foods and drugs destined for human consumption. required prescriptions from physicians before patients could purchase the drug. required warning labels

answer

Pure Food and Drug Act

question

passed in 1914 as reaction to increasing addictive narcotics

answer

Harrison Narcotic Act

question

when was heroine banned

answer

1924

question

in 1970 the harrison act was replaced with what and 50 other drugs

answer

Comprehensive Drug abuse prevention and control act

question

when did congress get control of food, manufactor of drugs, and COSMETICS

answer

1938

question

who is responsible for enforcing the Controlled Substance act

answer

DEA

question

what is a teratogen

answer

any substance that can cause abnormal development of the fetus which may lead to a deformity

question

pregnancy risk A

answer

studies have not demonstrated risk to the fetus

question

Pregnancy risk B

answer

studies have not been don on humans but in animal studies there was no risk to the fetus

question

`Pregnancy Risk C

answer

risk can not be ruled out, studies on humans are lacking or animals have show teratogenetic effects. ( drug may be used in pregnancy if the potential benefit outweighs the risk

question

Pregnancy Risk D

answer

positive evidence for risk to the human fetus. the drug can be placed in this category before the market or after being on the market

question

Pregnancy Risk X

answer

use of drug is contraindicated in pregnancy, do not use if pregnant, it reports fatal risk to the fetus

question

pharmaceutic phase

answer

dissolution of a drug, must be in solution to absorbed

question

during which phase do drugs in liquid form or injected do not go through this phase of needing combining body fluids

answer

pharmaceutic phase

question

what are some diseases that are concerns with inhalation

answer

emphyesema, asthma, and lung cancer

question

what is a faster drug routethan injection?

answer

inhalation

question

drugs that are applied on top of the skin is called

answer

topical drugs

question

three ways drugs are absorbed through the skin

answer

1.sniffing or snorting 2.chewing or sucking 3.transdermal patch

question

four ways of the pharmacokinetic phase

answer

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

question

absorption

answer

passes into the circulating body fluids or tissues

question

distribution

answer

transportation of the drug to the site of action

question

metabolism

answer

drugs are converted into harmless substances

question

exerction

answer

elimination of drug from the body

question

4 ways drugs can transport through the body

answer

ion channel, carrier, pinocytosis, diffusion

question

the measure of the rate at which a drug is removed from the body

answer

half life

question

what is a way to allow a drug to dissolve slower

answer

coatings on capsules

question

the phase that is known as the drug actions and effects on the body

answer

pharmocodynamics phase

question

drugs that bind to a receptor to produce results

answer

agonist

question

antagonist

answer

drugs that bind with a receptor to block results of an agonist to produce results

question

drug toxicity

answer

the physical and psychological harm that a drug might present to the person in the short period after ingestion

question

determines the ration of lethal dose to effective dose

answer

therapeutic index

question

adverse reactions

answer

side effects when they are mild

question

allergic reactions

answer

hypersensitivity reaction and may prompt body temp to produce antibodies what may be an antigen

question

anaphylactic shock

answer

serious allergic reaction that can be life threatning if not treated immediately

question

drug idiosyncrasy

answer

any abnormal or unusual reaction to a drug

question

paradoxial raction

answer

if the reaction is opposite to the intended response

question

hypersensitive

answer

if the reaction is excessive compared to the intended response

question

which route takes time and has more bio availability

answer

oral route

question

how does inhaled gas go into the body

answer

through circulation by gas exchange at the alveoli

question

drug tolerance

answer

gradual decrease in responsivenes to the drug if the drug is take repeatedly (ex: caffeine)

question

behavioral tolerance

answer

the environment the user is in can impact tolerance

question

metabolic tolerance

answer

over time the liver can increase breakdown of a drug if taken regularly

question

cellular tolerance

answer

receptors will up regulate or down regulate if too little or too much drug is taken over time

question

physical dependence

answer

person develops physical symptoms during withdrawal from drug

question

psychological dependence

answer

person attempts to avoid the withdrawal difficulties and fee cravings, or desires for the drug

question

substance dependence

answer

person with significant signs of a dependent relationship upon a drug

question

substance abuse

answer

person who continues to take a drug even when the drug is creating specific problems

question

toxic reactions

answer

poisoning of the system secondary to overdoes of chemical in the blood concentration

question

genectically causes abnormal responses to the drug

answer

pharmocogentic reactions

question

drugs that interact with each other

answer

drug/drug

question

addictive drug reactions

answer

combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each 1+1=2 (ex: heparin and alcohol)

question

synergistic drug reactions

answer

drugs interact with each other and causes and effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effect 1+1=4 (ex: hypnotic drug)

question

antagonistic drug reactions

answer

one drug renders another inactive. one drug may have a greater affinity for a receptor

question

taking multiple drugs is

answer

polypharmacy

question

what population is polypharmacy typically practiced in

answer

elderly population

question

when was the dietary supplement health and education act passed

answer

1994

question

what was created because of the increase interest in the use of alternative therapy

answer

center of complementary and alternative health 1992

question

the six rights of drug admin

answer

right patient right time right dose right rout of admin right drug right documentation

question

captopril

answer

ACE inhibitor to reduce BP

question

Capitrol

answer

antibacterial shampoo drug

question

fosamax

answer

slows bone density loss

question

flomax

answer

increases urinary flow in men with enlarged prostate

question

drug errors can occur during

answer

transcription, dispensing, administering

question

most frequent and least painful route of drug admin

answer

oral route ( capsules, tablets, liquid)

question

sub lingual drugs are given

answer

under the tongue

question

buccal drugs are placed

answer

in the cheek area of the mucus membrane

question

subcutaneous parental drug route

answer

SC or under skin

question

intramuscular route

answer

IM or into the muscle

question

intravenous

answer

IV or into the vein

question

intradermal

answer

into the skin

question

intralesional

answer

into a lession

question

intra-arterial

answer

into an artery

question

intracardiac

answer

into the heart

question

intra-articular

answer

into a joint

question

subcutaneous route is given

answer

into the tissue between the skin and muscle

question

two common drugs given through subcutaneous route

answer

heparin and insulin

question

drugs that irritate the SC tissue can be given

answer

intramuscularly

question

intramuscular drugs dissolve more rapidly because of

answer

richer blood supply

question

site that intramuscular drugs can be administered

answer

deltoids, hip, thighs

question

what drug route can be useful for slow absorption

answer

subcutaneous

question

drug route that are given directly into the blood by needle inserted on a vein

answer

intravenous route

question

this drug act on the skin but are not absorbed

answer

topical drugs

question

topical drugs are used to

answer

soften, disinfect and lubricate skin

question

this drug route is readily absorbed from the skin and have systemic effects

answer

transdermal route

question

examples transdermal route drugs are used for

answer

birth control, smoking cessation, depression

question

drug inhalation are administered through

answer

mucous membrane in respiratory track

question

face mask and nebulizers are used for

answer

bronchodilators, mucolytics, and anti-flammatory drugs

question

methods of drug administration in sports

answer

injection,inhaled,oral,suppositories

question

oral administration of drugs in sports

answer

contraceptives,steroids,cold and cough remedies, beta blocker, diuretics, supplements

question

most common use of suppositories in sports

answer

rectal caffeine suppositories

question

the limit amount of caffeine in urine for athletes

answer

12ug/mL

question

who bans pharmacological enhancement of performance

answer

international olympic committee

question

doping was first banned in

answer

1985

question

how can athletes manipulate samples

answer

sample substitution, catheterization, using an imposter

question

class 1 IOC doping

answer

stimulants, narcotics, anabolic agents, diuretics, peptides

question

class 2 IOC doping

answer

blood doping, and pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulations

question

class 3 IOC doping

answer

alcohol, beta blockers, marijuana, corticosteroids

question

who funds the anti dopoing agency

answer

50 funded by IOC 50% funded by international government

question

where is the headquarters of the WADA

answer

Montreal

question

when was WADA established

answer

1999

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