medical terminology – chapter 10, cardiovascular, lymphatic system and blood – Flashcards
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vaccine
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administered by injection, nasal spray or orally to print infectious diseases
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phagocytosis
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white blood cells destroy invading microorganisms "Cell eating"
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HEART
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pumps blood throughout the body Cardi/o
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ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
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Consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves Valves located between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side of the heart, prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting.
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SEMILUNAR VALVES
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Located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta control flow into great arteries; open and close because of blood flow and pressure
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PERICARDIUM
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2 - layer sac that facilitates movement of the heart Membrane surrounding the heart
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THREE LAYERS OF THE HEART - EPICARDIUM
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COVERS THE HEART Epicardium - outermost layer
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THREE LAYERS OF THE HEART - MYOCARDIUM
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MIDDLE, THICK, MUSCULAR LAYER
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THREE LAYERS OF THE HEART - ENDOCARDIUM
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INNER LINING OF THE HEART
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BLOOD VESSELS
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TUBELIKE STRUCTURES THAT CARRY BLOOD THROUGHOUT THE BODY; ARTERIES, ARTERIOLES, AORTA
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ARTERIES
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BLOOD VESSELS THAT CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART
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ARTERIOLES
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SMALLES ARTERIES
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AORTA
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LARGEST ARTERY IN THE BODY
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VEINS
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CARRY BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART
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VENULES
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SMALLEST VEINS
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VENAE CAVAE
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LARGEST VEIN IN THE BODY
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CAPILLARIES
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MICROSCOPIC BLOOD VESSELS THAT CONNECT ARTERIOLES WITHT HE VENUES?? Smallest blood vessels Connect arteries and veins
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ATRIA
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UPPER CHAMBERS OF THE HEART 2 upper chambers of the heart
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MITRAL VALVE
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LIES BETWEEN THE LEFT ATRIUM AND THE LEFT VENTRICLE
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ATRIAL SEPTEM
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SEPARATES THE ATRIA
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TRICUSPID VALVE
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LOCATED BETWEEN THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND THE RIGHT VENTRICLE
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VENTRICLES
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LOWER CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
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VENA CAVA
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LARGEST VEIN IN THE BODY
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BLOOD
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PRIMARY FUNCTION OF BLOOD IS TO MAINTAIN INTERNAL BALANCE IN THE BODY Hem/o Hemat/o A circulating connective tissue made of plasma, cells, and platelets
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PLASMA
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LIQUID PORTION OF THE BLOOD
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ERYTHROCYTES
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RED BLOOD CELLS THAT CARRY OXYGEN
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LEUKOCYTES
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WHITE BLOOD CELLS THAT COMBAT INFECTION AND RESPOND TO INFLAMMATION
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PLATELETS
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THROMBOCYTES = PLATELETS; RESPONSIBLE FOR AIDING IN THE CLOTTING PROCESS
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SERUM
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CLEAR, WATERY FLUID; PORTION OF THE BLOOD THAT REMAINS AFTER A CLOT HAS FORMED
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
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PROVIDES DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION
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LYMPH
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LYMPH-TRASPARENT COLORLESS TISSUE FLUID; CONTAINS LYMPHOCYTES AND MONOCYTES AND FLOWS IN A ONE WAY DIRECTION TO THE HEART Lymph/o
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LYMPH NODES
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SMALL SPHERICAL BODIES COMPOSED OF LYMPHOID TISSUE
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SPLEEN
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LARGEST LYMPHATIC ORGAN
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THYMUS GLAND
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ONE OF THE PRIMARY LYMPHATIC ORGANS
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IMMUNE SYSTEM
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HAS 3 LINES OF DEFENSE 1. PREVENTION OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES FROM ENTER THE BODY. 2. INFLAMMATION AND FEVER 3. FORMING SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO FIGHT AGAINST INFECTIOUS AGENT FUNCTION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM IS TO PROTECT THE BODY AGAINST PATHOGENS, FOREIN AGENTS AND ABNORMAL BODY CELLS
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5 ORGANS & STRUCTURES FROM OTHER BODY SYSTEMS USED BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO CARRY OUT ITS FUNCTIONS:
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SPLEEN LIVER INTESTIONAL TRACT LYMPH NODES BONE MARROW
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ANGI/O
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VESSEL
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AORT/O
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AORTA
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ARTERI/O
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ARTERY
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ATRI/O
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ATRIUM
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CARDI/O
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HEART
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LYMPH/O
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LYMPH, LYMPH TISSUE
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LYMPHADEN/O
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LYMPH NODE
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MYEL/O
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BONE MARROW
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PHLEB/O; VEN/O
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VEIN
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PLASM/O
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PLASMA
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SPLEN/O
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SPLEEN
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THYM/O
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THYMUS GLAND
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VALV/O; VALVUL/O
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VALVE
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VENTRICUL/O
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VENTRICLE
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ATHER/O
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YELLOWISH, FATTY PLAQUE
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ECH/O
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SOUND
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ELECTR/O
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ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY
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ISCH/O
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DEFICIENCY, BLOCKAGE
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THERM/O
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HEAT
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THROMB/O
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CLOT
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BRADY-
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SLOW
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PAN-
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TOTAL, ALL
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-AC
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PERTAINING TO
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-APHERESIS
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REMOVAL
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-PENIA
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ABNORMAL REDUCTION IN NUMBER
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-POIESIS
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FORMATION
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-SCLEROSIS
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HARDENING
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COARCTATION OF THE AORTA
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congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta
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EMBOLUS
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A BLOOD CLOT OR FOREIGN MATERIAL THAT ENTES THE BLOOD STREAM AND MOVES UNTIL IT LODGES AT ANOTHER POINT IN THE CIRCULATION
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CARDIAC ARREST
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SUDDEN CESSATION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT AND EFFECTIVE CIRCULATION
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CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
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HEART ABNORMALITY PRESENT AT BIRTH
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VARICOSE VEINS
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VEINS THAT ARE DISTENDED OR TORTUOUS abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs
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ISCHEMIA
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OBSTRUCTION OR CONSTRICTION OF A VESSEL CAUSING DEFICIENT BLOOD FLOW
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ANEURYSM
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Ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
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HODGKIN DISEASE
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Malignant disorder of lymphatic tissue characterized by enlarged lymph nodes
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CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
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Condition most often caused by coronary atherosclerosis
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ANGINA PECTORIS
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Cardiac condition characterized by chest pain caused by an insufficient blood supply to the cardiac muscle
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MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
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MI Death of a portion of myocardial muscle caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply Heart Attack
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ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
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Cardiac Arrhythmia A Fib AF Which rhythm is this?
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ARRHYTHMIA
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Any disturbance or abnormality in the hearts normal rhythmic pattern
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HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE
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A Disorder of the heart caused by a persistently high blood pressure
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SEPSIS
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A systemic inflammatory response to an infection
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HEART FAILURE
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The inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply tissues and organs
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PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE
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PAP Disease of the arteries in the arms and legs resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of an artery
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HEMOPHILLIA
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An inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII
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LEUKEMIA
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A malignant disease in which the number of abnormal white blood cells formed in the bone marrow is excessively increased.
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ANEMIA
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A reduction in the number of erythrocytes results in this condition Iron deficiency
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INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
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An infection caused by Epstein Barr Virus PATHOGEN: EB viru
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INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION
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A condition in which a patient has pain and discomfort in the calf muscles while walking
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CARDIAC TAMPONADE
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Acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
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EPISODES OF RHEUMATIC FEVER CAN CAUSE....
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1. Mitral Valve stenosis 2. rheumatic heart disease
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DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
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Condition of a thrombus most often occurring in the lower extremities
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heart attack
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Insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or myocardial infarction
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ANEURYSMECTOMY
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Surgical excision of an aneurysm
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ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION
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Procedure used to treat atrial fibrillation using a device that heats or freezes the cells
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CARDIAC PACEMAKER
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Used to regulate the heart attack Battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart; used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm, usually one that is too slow, secondary to an abnormal sinus node
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CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT
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CABG Surgery performed to detour blood around a blocked artery so that a new supply can be given to heart muscles.
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CORONARY STENT
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A supportive scaffold device used to prevent closure of a coronary artery
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EMBOLECTOMY
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A surgical removal of an embolus or clot
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FEMOROPOPLITEAL BYPASS
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surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction
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IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC DEFIBRILLATOR
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may be use to pace the heart or it might be used to defibrillate people in V-fib. a device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm. If life-threatening arrhythmias occur, the device delivers an electric shock to convert the arrhythmia back to a normal rhythm
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INTRACORONARY THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY
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an injection of an intravenous medication to dissolve blood clots in coronary blood vessels
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BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
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transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production Infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donor with matching cells and tissue to a recipient with a certain type of leukemia or anemia
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PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY
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Also called balloon angioplasty procedure in which a small balloon on the ned of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen
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BONE MARROW - ASPIRATION, BIOPSY
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Used to diagnose, state and monitor disease and conditions of blood cells
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DIGITAL SUBTRACTION ANGIOGRAPHY (DSA)
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A process of radio graphic imagine of blood vessels that removes structures not being studied.
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DOPPLER ULTRASOUND
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A study that uses high frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within blood vessels
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EXERCISE STRESS TEST
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Evaluates cardiac function during and physical stress
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SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, SPECT
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A nuclear medicine test that visualizes the heart from different angles
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THALLIUM TEST
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A nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease Imaging of the heart using radio-isotopes, usually during and after exercise.
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TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM (TEE)
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ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides views of the heart structures
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CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
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A process in which a catheter is introduced into the heart to record
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IMPEDANCE PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
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IPG measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance (impedance) in the vein; used to detect deep vein thrombosis
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BLOOD PRESSURE
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Pressure expected by blood against the blood vessel walls
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PULSE
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rhythmic expansion of an artery created by contraction of the heart that can be felt
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SPHYGMOMANOMETER
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instrument to measure blood pressure
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C-REACTIVE PROTEIN
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CRP An elevated C-Reactive protein indicates inflammation in the body
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CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE
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CPK a blood test used to measure the level of creatine phophokinase, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis. The test is useful in evaluating patients with acute myocardial infarction
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HOMOCYSTEINE
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An amino acid that if elevated in dictates an increase risk of cardiovascular disease
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LIPID PROFILE
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BLOOD TESTS TAHT MEASURE THE AMOUNT AND TYPE OF LIPIDS N THE BLOOD
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TROPONIN
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Heart muscle enzyme released into the blood stream approx. 3 hours after heart muscle necrosis
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COAGULATION TIME
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BLOOD TEST TO DETERMINE ETHE TIME IT TAKES FOR BLOOD TO FORM A CLOT
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COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT/DIFFERENTIAL COUNT
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CBC AND DIFF basic blood screening tests
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HEMATOCRIT
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HCT A test to mesure the volume of erythrocytes and used to diagnosis and evaluation of anemic patients
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HEMOGLOBIN
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Hub A blood test used to determine the oxygen carrying component in erythrocytes
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PROTHROMBIN TIME
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PT Blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor oral anticoagulation therapy Also known as pro time, is a test used to diagnose condition associated with abnormalities of clotting time and to monitor anticoagulation therapy.
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CHOLESTEROL
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A compound important in the production of sex hormones, steroids, cell membranes and bile acids
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HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
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HDL Increased levels good good cholesterol removes cholesterol from tissues and transports it to the liver to be erected in the bile
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LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
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LDL increased levels bad lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to tissue and deposits it on the walls of arteries bad cholesterol
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TOTAL CHOLESTEROL
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Amount of cholesterol contained in the HDL AND LDL
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TRIGLYCERIDES
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TG's a form of fat in the blood synthesized in the liver and used as stored energy
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VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
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VLDL Increased levels bad but not as bad as increased level son ldl a type of lips protein increased levels of VLDL indicates a risk of development of coronary artery disease
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BRUIT
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Abnormal vascular sound heard through ausculation abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ
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CARDIOPLUMONARY RESUSCITATION
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CPR
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CPR
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EMERGENCY PROCEDURE CONSISTING OF EXTERNAL CARDIAC COMPRESSIONS AND ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION
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DEFIBRILLATION
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USED TO RESTORE NOMRAL CARDIAC RHYTHM
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DIASTOLE
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PHASE IN THE CARDIAC CYCLE IN WHICH VENTRICLES RELAX Relaxation of the heart
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EXTRACORPEAL
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OCCURRING OUTSIDE THE BODY During _____ hemodialysis, the patient's blood is shunted outside the body through an artery.
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EXTRAVASATION
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escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue
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FIBRILLATION
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rapid and uncontrolled heartbeat chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart (atrial or ventricular fibrillation)
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HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
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An excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood
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HYPERLIPIDEMIA
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excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood
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HYPERTENSION
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Abnormally high blood pressure > 140/90
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HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA
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excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood; associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
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HYPOTENSION
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Abnormally low blood pressure < 90/60
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LIPIDS
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FATS AND FAT LIKE SUBSTANCES
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LUMEN
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The inside of the a hollow organ (e.g., the somach, intestines, bladder, etc.) or a tube (e.g., blood vessels, ureters, etc.) space within a tubular part or organ, such as the space within a blood vessel
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MURMUR
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ABNORMAL CARDIAC SOUND HEARD THROUGH AUSCULTATION
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OCCLUDE
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TO CLOSE TIGHTLY; BLOCK
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SYSTOLE
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PHASE IN THE CARDIAC CYCLE IN WHICH VENTRICLES CONTRACT AND EJECT BLOOD Contraction of the heart
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VASOCONSTRICTOR
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AGENT OR NERVE THAT CAUSES BLOOD VESSELS TO NARROW
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VASODILATOR
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AGENT OR NERVE THAT ENLARGES THE BLOOD VESSELS
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VENIPUNCTURE
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PUNCTURE OF A VEIN TO REMOVE BLOOD phlebotomy
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ANTICOAGULANT
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AGENT THAT SLOWS THE BLOOD CLOTTING PROCESS
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BLOOD DYSCRASIA
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abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
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HEMORRHAGE
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Excessive or profuse bleeding
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ALLERGEN
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a substance that causes an allergic reaction; HOUSE DUST POLLEN ANIMAL DANDER
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ALLERGIST
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TREATS ALLERGIC CONDITIONS
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ALLERGY
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HYPERSENSITIVITY TO A SUBSTANCE
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ANAPHYLAXIS
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LIFE THREATENING REACTION
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ANTIBODY
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INACTIVATES OR DESTROYS ANTIGENS
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ANTIGEN
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TRANSPLANT TISSUE, TOXIN, INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
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AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
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a disease in which the immune system attacks the organism's own cells BODY PRODUCES ANTIBODIES AGAINST ITSELF CAUSING INJURYD; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATUS
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IMMUNE
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RESISTANT TO INVADING PATHOGENS
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IMMUNODEFICIENCY
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DEFICIENT IMMUNE RESPONSE decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or a condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism
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IMMUNOLOGY
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BRANCH OF MEDICINE DEALING WITH IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS
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IMMUNOLOGIST
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TREATS IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS
